Pausanias Analysis

ταύτης τῆς γυναικὸς ἐρασθεὶς παῖδας ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐποιήσατο, καὶ ὡς ἦν οἱ πλησίον ἡ τελευτή, Πτολεμαῖον ἀπέλιπεν Αἰγύπτου βασιλεύειν, ἀφʼ οὗ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις ἐστὶν ἡ φυλή, γεγονότα ἐκ Βερενίκης ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐκ τῆς Ἀντιπάτρου θυγατρός.

Having become enamored of this woman, he fathered children with her as well, and when his end approached, he left Ptolemy, his son by her, to reign over Egypt; it was from this Ptolemy, the child of Berenice and not of Antipater’s daughter, that the Athenians derived the name of their tribe.

προσεπεστάλη δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς τῷ Γάλλῳ πόλεις ὁπόσας ἐστὶν οἷός τε ὡς πλείστας ἀφεῖναι συλλόγου τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν.

Furthermore, the Senate instructed Gallus to exempt as many cities as possible from membership in the Achaean confederation.

Περγαμηνοῖς δὲ ἔστι μὲν σκῦλα ἀπὸ Γαλατῶν, ἔστι δὲ γραφὴ τὸ ἔργον τὸ πρὸς Γαλάτας ἔχουσα.

The Pergamenes possess spoils taken from the Galatians, and also a painting depicting the battle against the Galatians.

Μάγας δὲ ἤδη γυναῖκα ἔχων Ἀπάμην Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Σελεύκου θυγατέρα, ἔπεισεν Ἀντίοχον παραβάντα ἃς ὁ πατήρ οἱ Σέλευκος ἐποιήσατο συνθήκας πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον, ἐλαύνειν ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον.

Now, Magas, having already married Apame, the daughter of Antiochus son of Seleucus, persuaded Antiochus to break the treaty his father Seleucus had made with Ptolemy and to march against Egypt.

τούτου δὲ οὐ πόρρω Ζεύς ἐστιν, ὅντινα ἀναθεῖναι Ψωφιδίους ἐπὶ πολέμου κατορθώματι τὸ ἔπος τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γεγραμμένον δηλοῖ.

Not far from this is a statue of Zeus, which, as the inscription upon it makes clear, was dedicated by the people of Psophis as a thanksgiving for success in war.

Βάκις μέν γε Τιθορέας τοὺς ἐνθάδε ἐκάλεσεν ἀνθρώπους· Ἡροδότου δὲ ὁ ἐς αὐτοὺς λόγος ἐπιόντος φησὶ τοῦ βαρβάρου τοὺς ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦντας ἀναφυγεῖν ἐς τὴν κορυφήν, ὄνομα δὲ Νεῶνα μὲν τῇ πόλει, Τιθορέαν δὲ εἶναι τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ τῇ ἄκρᾳ.

Bacis indeed called the inhabitants of this place "Tithoreans"; but the account of Herodotus concerning them says that, when the barbarian invaded Greece, the inhabitants here fled to the mountain-top; he names their city Neon, and asserts that Tithorea was the summit of Parnassus.

δοκεῖν δέ μοι κάμνων αὐτίκα μετὰ τὴν νίκην ἐκομίζετο, καὶ συμβάσης ἐνταῦθά οἱ τελευτῆς ὁ τάφος ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τὴν λεωφόρον.

My own view is that he fell ill immediately after his victory and was carried back, and his death occurring here, the tomb stands by the road.

ὡς δὲ ἦν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον αὐτῷ μεμιμημένα, ἐπιγράψας τοῦ Θεοπόμπου τὸ ὄνομα τῷ βιβλίῳ διέπεμπεν ἐς τὰς πόλεις·

and having imitated Theopompus' style with the utmost precision, he put Theopompus' name upon the work, distributing it among the various cities.

στάδιον δέ σφισιν ἀνωτάτω τῆς πόλεως τοῦτό ἐστιν· ἐπεποίητο δὲ ἐκ τῆς πέτρας ὁποῖαι περὶ τὸν Παρνασσόν εἰσιν αἱ πολλαί, ἄχρις Ἀθηναῖος Ἡρώδης λίθῳ τῷ Πεντελῆσιν αὐτὸ μετεκόσμησεν.

Their stadium is at the highest point of the city; it had been constructed out of the kind of rock that is abundant around Parnassus, until Herodes the Athenian adorned it anew with Pentelic marble.

πρὶν δὲ Ἡρακλείδας κατελθεῖν ἐς Πελοπόννησον, τὴν αὐτὴν ἠφίεσαν Ἀθηναίοις οἱ Ἀργεῖοι φωνήν·

The verses, and all the prose portions interspersed among them, were composed entirely in the Dorian dialect.

Νέρωνι δὲ παρὲξ ἢ τὰ ἐς τὴν μητέρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἐς γυναῖκας γαμετὰς ἐναγῆ τε καὶ ἀνέραστα τολμήματα.

And Nero, aside from his crimes against his mother, also committed vile and unnatural deeds concerning married women.

ὁ δὲ ὅρμος ταῖς ναυσὶ χειροποίητος καὶ Ἀδριανοῦ βασιλέως ἐστὶν ἔργον.

The harbor there, which serves as a port for ships, was artificially constructed through the efforts of Emperor Hadrian.

καὶ τὸ ὄνομα οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸ νῦν ἀντὶ Ἐπειῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλείου μεταβεβλήκασιν.

From him, the people changed their name from Epeians to Eleans, the name they bear until this day.

Πεισίστρατον δέ, ἡνίκα ἔπη τὰ Ὁμήρου διεσπασμένα τε καὶ ἄλλα ἀλλαχοῦ μνημονευόμενα ἤθροιζε, τότε αὐτὸν Πεισίστρατον ἢ τῶν τινα ἑταίρων μεταποιῆσαι τὸ ὄνομα ὑπὸ ἀγνοίας.

But they claim that when Peisistratus was gathering together Homer’s verses, which had become scattered and preserved in separate locations, either Peisistratus himself or one of his companions mistakenly changed the town’s name through ignorance.

Κοροίβου δὲ τέθαπται πλησίον Ὄρσιππος.

Next to the tomb of Coroebus is buried Orsippus.

Λοκροὺς γὰρ τοὺς Ὀπουντίους ὁπλιτεύοντας ἤδη κατὰ τὰ Μηδικὰ ἴσμεν, οὓς Ὅμηρος ἐποίησεν ὡς φερόμενοι τόξα καὶ σφενδόνας ἐς Ἴλιον ἔλθοιεν·

For though we know that the Opuntian Locrians already fought as heavy infantry in the Persian Wars, Homer depicted them as having come to Troy equipped with bows and slings.

σέβονται δὲ οἱ Μαραθώνιοι τούτους τε οἳ παρὰ τὴν μάχην ἀπέθανον ἥρωας ὀνομάζοντες καὶ Μαραθῶνα ἀφʼ οὗ τῷ δήμῳ τὸ ὄνομά ἐστι καὶ Ἡρακλέα, φάμενοι πρώτοις Ἑλλήνων σφίσιν Ἡρακλέα θεὸν νομισθῆναι.

The Marathonian people honor those who died in the battle by calling them heroes, as well as Marathon—from whom the district took its name—and Heracles, claiming that they were the first among Greeks to recognize Heracles as a god.

πεποίηται δὲ καὶ τρόπαιον λίθου λευκοῦ.

A trophy of white stone has also been erected.

τοῖς δὲ πεσοῦσιν ἀφʼ ἑκατέρων--- πολῖται γὰρ καὶ συγγενεῖς ἦσαν---ἐποιήθη ταύτῃ μνῆμα ἐν κοινῷ.

The fallen from each side—who were citizens and kinsmen—were jointly buried together there, and a common memorial was made for them at this spot.

ἔστι μέντοι καὶ Πολεμάρχου μνῆμα ἐν Σπάρτῃ, εἴτε ἀγαθοῦ τὰ πρότερα ἀνδρὸς εἶναι νομισθέντος εἴτε καὶ κρύφα οἱ προσήκοντες θάπτουσιν αὐτόν.

However, in Sparta there also stands the tomb of Polemarchus himself; whether because the Spartans considered him previously to have been a good man, or because his relatives secretly buried him there.

τῷ δὲ Ἡρακλεῖ πρὸς τὸν Αὐγέαν πολεμοῦντι οὐδὲν ὑπῆρχεν ἀποδείκνυσθαι λαμπρόν·

Heracles gained no distinguished advantage while waging war against Augeas; for the sons of Actor, excelling both in courage and in the vigor of youth, continually routed the forces allied with Heracles, until such time as the Corinthians proclaimed the Isthmian truce.

ὁ δὲ Ἰσθμικὸς ἀγὼν οὐδὲ ἀναστάντων ὑπὸ Μομμίου Κορινθίων ἐξέλιπεν, ἀλλʼ ὅσον μὲν χρόνον ἠρήμωτο ἡ πόλις, Σικυωνίοις ἄγειν ἐπετέτραπτο τὰ Ἴσθμια, οἰκισθείσης δὲ αὖθις ἐς τοὺς νῦν οἰκήτορας περιῆλθεν ἡ τιμή.

Sisyphus himself, he says, was indeed buried on the Isthmus, but only a few of the Corinthians in his own era knew the location of his tomb.

ἐκεῖνον μὲν δὴ αὖθις ἐξ ἐνυπνίων ἄλλων ὀπίσω τοῦ Λίνου τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐς Θήβας ἀποστεῖλαι,

And afterward again, following other dreams, they say that he [the dreamer] sent the bones of Linus back to Thebes.

ῥηθέντων δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ δήμου παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐπαγωγῶν καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον δίκαια λέγειν τοῦ Γελάνορος δόξαντος, ὁ μὲν δῆμος ὑπερέθετο---φασὶν--- ἐς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν κρίνειν·

When, before the people, many arguments convincing and just were presented by both sides, and Gelanor seemed no less persuasive in his claims to justice, the people—according to tradition—postponed their decision until the following day.

Ἴωνας δὲ ἀφικομένους ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν Μέλανθος Ἀνδροπόμπου συνοίκους ἐξεδέξαντο Ἴωνός τε δὴ ἕνεκα καὶ ἔργων ἃ ἔπραξε πολεμαρχῶν Ἀθηναίοις·

When the Ionians came into Attica, the Athenians and their king Melanthus, son of Andropompus, received them as fellow-inhabitants, both for the sake of Ion himself and in recognition of deeds he had performed as leader of the Athenians in war.

καταγνωσθεὶς δὲ ἀδικεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Μίνω καὶ ἐς δεσμωτήριον ὁμοῦ τῷ παιδὶ ἐμβληθεὶς ἐκδιδράσκει τε ἐκ Κρήτης καὶ ἐς Ἴνυκον Σικελῶν πόλιν ἀφικνεῖται παρὰ Κώκαλον, καὶ πολέμου παρέσχε τοῖς Σικελοῖς αἰτίαν πρὸς τοὺς Κρῆτας, ὅτι ἐξαιτοῦντος Μίνω μὴ πρόοιτο αὐτὸν ὁ Κώκαλος·

Condemned by Minos for wrongdoing and thrown into prison along with his son, Daedalus escaped from Crete and arrived at the Sicilian city of Inycus, at the court of Cocalus. This event provided the Sicilians a cause for war against the Cretans, since Cocalus refused to surrender Daedalus despite Minos' demands.

ὁπόσους δὲ ἐστεφάνωσεν οὗτος νικῶντας, ἔστιν Ἰόλαος ταῖς Ἡρακλέους δραμὼν ἵπποις.

Among the victors crowned by him was Iolaus, who raced driving the horses belonging to Heracles.

Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ χρήματα οὐ νομιζόντων κτᾶσθαι κατὰ δή τι μάντευμα, ὡς ἡ φιλοχρηματία μόνη γένοιτο ἂν ἀπώλεια τῇ Σπάρτῃ, ὁ δὲ καὶ χρημάτων πόθον σφίσιν ἐνεποίησεν ἰσχυρόν.

Since the Lacedaemonians were not accustomed to acquiring money, adhering indeed to a certain oracle that greed for wealth alone would cause the ruin of Sparta, he nevertheless implanted in them a great desire for money.

ἑξῆς δὲ τῆς εἰκόνος ταύτης πῦρ καίουσιν ὀνομάζοντες Φορωνέως εἶναι·

Next to this image they keep burning a fire, claiming it as having belonged to Phoroneus.

Πολυνείκης δὲ περιόντος μὲν καὶ ἄρχοντος Οἰδίποδος ὑπεξῆλθεν ἐκ Θηβῶν δέει μὴ τελεσθεῖεν ἐπὶ σφίσιν αἱ κατᾶραι τοῦ πατρός·

Polyneices, while Oedipus was still alive and ruling, departed from Thebes for fear that his father's curses might be fulfilled upon him.

τότε δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἴωνος βασιλείας πολεμησάντων Ἀθηναίοις Ἐλευσινίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων Ἴωνα ἐπαγαγομένων ἐπὶ ἡγεμονίᾳ τοῦ πολέμου,

At this time during the reign of Ion, when war erupted between the people of Eleusis and the Athenians, the Athenians summoned Ion himself to be their leader in the conflict.

Σαρδὼ γὰρ τὴν νῆσον ἐς τὰ μάλιστα εὐδαίμονα ἀντὶ Ἑλλάδος σφίσιν ἀντέδωκεν.

For in place of Greece, he granted them the island of Sardinia, one of the richest of all lands.

ἡ δὲ Ἀδράστεια ἵδρυται μὲν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ σφίσι, μεγέθει δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀποδέουσα ἀγαλμάτων ἐστίν.

Adrasteia is also set up there among them, but her statue is smaller in scale compared to the others.

καὶ ὁ μὲν ἔπρασσε κατὰ τὴν παραίνεσιν τοῦ Κιθαιρῶνος· Ἥρα δὲ ἐπέπυστό τε αὐτίκα καὶ αὐτίκα ἀφίκετο.

And he acted according to the advice of Cithaeron; but Hera soon learned of it and immediately arrived.

ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἀμύκλα ἐς Ἄργαλον τὸν πρεσβύτατον τῶν Ἀμύκλα παίδων καὶ ὕστερον ἐς Κυνόρταν Ἀργάλου τελευτήσαντος ἀφίκετο ἡ ἀρχή.

After the death of Amyclas, the succession of rule passed first to Argalus, the eldest of Amyclas' sons, and afterward, upon the death of Argalus, to Cynortas.

τὰς δὲ Ἑσπερίδας πέντε ἀριθμὸν Θεοκλῆς ἐποίησε, Λακεδαιμόνιος μὲν καὶ οὗτος, πατρὸς Ἡγύλου, φοιτῆσαι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς παρὰ Σκύλλιν καὶ Δίποινον λέγεται.

The Hesperides, five in number, were made by Theocles, who was also a Lacedaemonian, son of Hegylus, and he himself is said to have studied under Scyllis and Dipoenus.

αὕτη ἡ Σίβυλλα ᾤκησε μὲν τὸ πολὺ τοῦ βίου ἐν Σάμῳ, ἀφίκετο δὲ καὶ ἐς Κλάρον τὴν Κολοφωνίων καὶ ἐς Δῆλόν τε καὶ ἐς Δελφούς·

This Sibyl spent most of her life on Samos, but came also to Claros in the land of the Colophonians, as well as to Delos and Delphi.

τὰς μὲν δὴ πέτρας σέβουσί τε μάλιστα καὶ τῷ Ἐτεοκλεῖ αὐτὰς πεσεῖν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ φασιν·

They hold the stones in great reverence, affirming that they fell from heaven during the reign of Eteocles.

ἀθροίζεσθαι δὲ ἐς Αἴγιόν σφισιν ἔδοξεν· αὕτη γὰρ μετὰ Ἑλίκην ἐπικλυσθεῖσαν πόλεων ἐν Ἀχαΐᾳ τῶν ἄλλων δόξῃ προεῖχεν ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ἴσχυεν ἐν τῷ τότε.

They decided to gather at Aigion, for among the cities of Achaia this city had, from ancient times, held precedence in reputation above all the others after the flooding of Helice and retained its strength even then.

καὶ γρυπῶν μὲν πέρι τοσαῦτα εἰρήσθω·

Let thus much suffice regarding the griffins.