Pausanias Analysis - Current Sentence Tags 10.20

Chapter 10.20

Passage	Sentence	Bucket	Confidence	Greek	English	Rationale
10.20.1	1	historical	high	πάρεστι δέ, ὅστις ἐθέλοι καὶ ἀνταριθμῆσαι τούς τε ἐπὶ βασιλέα Ξέρξην ἐς Πύλας καὶ τοὺς τότε ἐναντία Γαλατῶν ἀθροισθέντας.	Anyone who wishes may compare the numbers of those assembled against King Xerxes at Thermopylae with those later gathered to oppose the Gauls.	Refers to Xerxes at Thermopylae and the later defense against the Gauls, both historical events.
10.20.1	2	historical	high	ἐπὶ μέν γε τὸν Μῆδον ἀφίκοντο τοσοίδε Ἑλλήνων· Λακεδαιμόνιοι οἱ μετὰ Λεωνίδου τριακοσίων οὐ πλείονες, Τεγεᾶται πεντακόσιοι καὶ ἐκ Μαντινείας ἴσοι, παρὰ δὲ Ὀρχομενίων Ἀρκάδων εἴκοσί τε καὶ ἑκατόν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων χίλιοι τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ πόλεων,	The Greeks came against the Persian in these numbers: no more than three hundred Spartans under Leonidas; five hundred men from Tegea, and an equal number from Mantineia; from Orchomenus in Arcadia one hundred and twenty; and from the other cities of Arcadia a thousand.	Describes the Persian Wars and Leonidas' force at Thermopylae, a post-500 BC historical event.
10.20.1	3	historical	high	ὀγδοήκοντα δὲ ἐκ Μυκηνῶν καὶ ἐκ Φλιοῦντος διακόσιοι, διπλάσιοι δὲ τούτων Κορίνθιοι·	From Mycenae there were eighty; from Phlius two hundred; the Corinthians supplied twice that number.	Quantitative troop or civic contributions in a historical context after 500 BC, not mythic or descriptive.
10.20.1	4	historical	high	παρεγένοντο δὲ καὶ Βοιωτῶν ἑπτακόσιοι ἐκ δὲ Θεσπείας καὶ ἐκ Θηβῶν τετρακόσιοι.	Seven hundred Boeotians were present, and from Thespiae and Thebes four hundred.	Lists participants from Boeotia, Thespiae, and Thebes in a historical military context.
10.20.1	5	historical	high	χίλιοι δὲ Φωκέων ἐφύλασσον μὲν τὴν ἀτραπὸν ἐν τῇ Οἴτῃ, προσέστω δὲ τῷ παντὶ Ἑλληνικῷ καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς ὁ τούτων.	A thousand Phokians guarded the path through Mt. Oeta, and their number too must be added to the entire Greek force.	Describes a numbered contingent in the Persian/Greek conflict context, an historical military detail.
10.20.2	1	other	high	Λοκροὺς δὲ τοὺς ὑπὸ τῷ ὄρει τῇ Κνήμιδι Ἡρόδοτος μὲν οὐχ ὑπήγαγεν ἐς ἀριθμόν, ἀλλʼ ἀφικέσθαι σφᾶς ἀπὸ πασῶν ἔφη τῶν πόλεων·	As for the Locrians who live beneath Mount Cnemis, Herodotus did not include them in his reckoning of numbers, but rather says merely that they came from all their cities.	Antiquarian/geographical note about Locrians and Herodotus' account, not a mythic or post-500 BC event.
10.20.2	2	other	high	τεκμήρασθαι δὲ ἀριθμὸν καὶ τούτων ἔστιν ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ἀληθοῦς·	Yet an estimate of their number can be made that is very near to the truth.	A numerical estimate is purely descriptive/antiquarian, with no mythic or historical event.
10.20.2	3	historical	high	ἐς Μαραθῶνα γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι σὺν ἡλικίᾳ τε τῇ ἀχρείῳ καὶ δούλοις ἐνακισχιλίων ἀφίκοντο οὐ πλείους,	For the Athenians who marched to Marathon—including even the old men and slaves—did not exceed nine thousand.	Refers to the Battle of Marathon, a post-500 BC historical event.
10.20.2	4	historical	medium	τὸ οὖν μάχιμον Λοκρῶν τὸ ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἐλθὸν οὐκ ἂν ὑπέρ γε ἑξακισχιλίους ἀριθμοίη τις.	One could therefore suppose that the fighting force of Locrians who arrived at Thermopylae was not more than six thousand.	Refers to the Locrians' force at Thermopylae, a historical event in the Persian Wars period.
10.20.2	5	other	high	οὕτω γένοιτο ἂν ὁ σύμπας στρατὸς διακόσιοι καὶ χίλιοι καὶ μύριοι.	Thus, the total army could amount to eleven thousand two hundred altogether.	A numerical estimate of army size; purely descriptive and non-mythic/non-historical.
10.20.2	6	historical	high	φαίνονται δὲ οὐδὲ οὗτοι τὸν χρόνον πάντα ἐπὶ τῇ φρουρᾷ τῶν Πυλῶν καταμείναντες· πλὴν γὰρ Λακεδαιμονίων τε αὐτῶν καὶ Θεσπιέων καὶ Μυκηναίων προαπέλιπον τὸ πέρας τῆς μάχης οἱ λοιποί.	Yet it appears that even they did not remain guarding the pass continuously; rather, apart from the Lacedaemonians themselves and the Thespians and the Mycenaeans, the remainder had departed before the battle reached its conclusion.	Refers to the defenders at Thermopylae and the course of the historical battle, not mythic material.
10.20.3	1	historical	high	ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ βαρβάρους τοσοίδε ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἀφίκοντο Ἕλληνες· ὁπλῖται μύριοι καὶ ἵππος πεντακοσία παρὰ Βοιωτῶν· ἐβοιωτάρχουν δὲ Κηφισόδοτος καὶ Θεαρίδας καὶ Διογένης καὶ Λύσανδρος.	The following number of Greeks arrived at Thermopylae to oppose the barbarians from the Ocean: ten thousand heavy infantry and five hundred cavalry from the Boeotians; the Boeotarchs in command were Cephisodotus, Thearidas, Diogenes, and Lysander.	Refers to the Persian Wars and troop numbers at Thermopylae, a historical event after 500 BC.
10.20.3	2	historical	high	ἐκ δὲ Φωκέων ἱππεῖς πεντακόσιοι καὶ ἐς τρισχιλίους ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν πεζῶν· στρατηγοὶ δὲ Φωκέων Κριτόβουλός τε ἦν καὶ Ἀντίοχος.	From the Phokians came five hundred cavalrymen and infantry numbering nearly three thousand; the generals of the Phokians were Critobulus and Antiochus.	Lists Phokian troops and named generals in a historical military context.
10.20.4	1	historical	high	Λοκροὺς δὲ τοὺς ἐπὶ Ἀταλάντῃ τῇ νήσῳ Μειδίας ἦγεν· ἀριθμὸς δὲ αὐτῶν ἑπτακόσιοι, καὶ ἱππικόν σφισιν οὐ προσῆν.	The Locrians living by the island of Atalante were led by Meidias; they numbered seven hundred, and had no cavalry.	Describes a specific troop contingent led by Meidias, a historical military detail after 500 BC.
10.20.4	2	historical	high	παρὰ δὲ Μεγαρέων ἀφίκοντο ὁπλῖται τετρακόσιοι· τούτων ἦγε τὸ †ἱππικὸν Μεγαρεύς.	From the Megarians came four hundred hoplites; their cavalry was commanded by Megareus.	Lists Megarian troops in a military context, which is historical rather than mythic or purely descriptive.
10.20.4	3	historical	high	Αἰτωλῶν δὲ πλείστη τε ἐγένετο στρατιὰ καὶ ἐς πᾶσαν μάχης ἰδέαν, ἡ μὲν ἵππος οὐ λέγουσιν ὁπόση, ψιλοὶ δὲ ἐνενήκοντα καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι, πλέονες δὲ ἑπτακισχιλίων ἀριθμὸν ἦσαν οἱ ὁπλιτεύοντες·	Of the Aetolians there was a very large force indeed, well-equipped for warfare of every kind; the cavalry, they say, was uncounted, the light-infantry numbered seven hundred and ninety, while those equipped as hoplites exceeded seven thousand in number.	Reports the size of an Aetolian force in a later military context, not mythic or purely descriptive.
10.20.4	4	historical	high	Αἰτωλοὺς δὲ ἦγον Πολύαρχος καὶ Πολύφρων τε καὶ Λακράτης.	The Aetolians were under the command of Polyarchus, Polyphron, and Lacrates.	Names commanders of the Aetolians in a historical military context.
10.20.5	1	historical	high	Ἀθηναίων δὲ στρατηγὸς μὲν Κάλλιππος ἦν ὁ Μοιροκλέους, καθὰ ἐδήλωσα καὶ ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου,	The Athenians had as their general Callippus, son of Moirokles, as I have also mentioned previously in this account.	Names a historical Athenian general in a post-500 BC context.
10.20.5	2	historical	high	δύναμις δὲ τριήρεις τε αἱ πλώιμοι πᾶσαι, πεντακόσιοι δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱππικόν, χίλιοι δὲ ἐτάσσοντο ἐν τοῖς πεζοῖς· καὶ ἡγεμονίαν οὗτοι κατʼ ἀξίωμα εἶχον τὸ ἀρχαῖον.	Their force consisted of all available warships, five hundred cavalry, and a thousand men arranged in the infantry; the leadership belonged to these by ancient precedent due to their prestige.	Describes military forces and leadership by ancient precedent, a historical/political account rather than myth or geography.
10.20.5	3	historical	high	βασιλέων δὲ ξενικὰ πεντακόσιοί τε ἐκ Μακεδονίας καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας ἴσοι σφίσιν ἀφίκοντο ἀριθμόν·	Among the king's troops five hundred mercenaries came from Macedonia, and an equal number joined them from Asia.	Describes troop movements and mercenaries in a historical military context.
10.20.5	4	historical	high	ἄρχοντες δὲ τῶν μὲν παρʼ Ἀντιγόνου πεμφθέντων Ἀριστόδημος ἦν Μακεδών, τῶν δὲ παρὰ Ἀντιόχου τε καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας Τελέσαρχος τῶν ἐπὶ Ὀρόντῃ Σύρων.	Aristodemus, a Macedonian, commanded the contingent sent by Antigonus, while Telesarchus, one of the Syrians who dwell along the Orontes, led those sent by Antiochus from Asia.	Refers to commanders and contingents sent by Antigonus and Antiochus, a Hellenistic historical context.
10.20.6	1	historical	high	τοῖς δὲ ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἀθροισθεῖσιν Ἑλλήνων, ὡς ἐπύθοντο περί τε Μαγνησίαν καὶ γῆν τὴν Φθιῶτιν ὄντα ἤδη τῶν Γαλατῶν τὸν στρατόν, ἔδοξεν ἤδη ψιλούς τε ἐς χιλίους καὶ ἐς τὴν ἵππον ἀπολέξαντας ἀποστεῖλαι σφᾶς ἐπὶ τὸν Σπερχειόν, ἵνα μηδὲ τὸν ποταμὸν διαβῆναι τοῖς βαρβάροις ἄνευ ἀγῶνός τε καὶ κινδύνων ἐγγένηται.	When the Greeks who had gathered at Thermopylae learned that the Galatian army was already in Magnesia and Phthiotis, they resolved to select about a thousand light-armed troops and a detachment of cavalry to send them to the River Spercheius, so that the barbarians would not cross the river without fighting and encountering danger.	Describes a Galatian invasion and Greek military response, a post-500 BC historical event.
10.20.6	2	historical	high	οἱ δὲ ἐλθόντες τὰς γεφύρας τε καταλύουσι καὶ αὐτοὶ παρὰ τὴν ὄχθην ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο.	Upon arriving, they destroyed the bridges and made their camp along the riverbank.	Describes a military action in a historical campaign: destroying bridges and camping by a riverbank.
10.20.6	3	historical	medium	ἦν δὲ οὐδὲ ὁ Βρέννος οὔτε πάντα ἀσύνετος οὔτε ἀπείρως εἶχεν ὡς ἄν τις βάρβαρος σοφίσματα ἐς πολεμίους ἐξευρεῖν.	As for Brennus, he was neither entirely foolish nor inexperienced, for a barbarian, in discovering wiles against his enemies.	Refers to Brennus, a historical Gallic leader in the 3rd century BC, described in relation to warfare rather than myth.
10.20.7	1	historical	high	εὐθὺς οὖν τῇ ἐπιούσῃ νυκτί, οὐ καθότι ἦν τὰ ἀρχαῖα τῷ ποταμῷ ζεύγματα ἀλλὰ ἐς τὸ κάτω, ὡς μή τις τοῖς Ἕλλησι διαβαινόντων γένοιτο αἴσθησις, καὶ ᾗ μάλιστα ὁ Σπερχειὸς διεχεῖτο ἐς πλέον τοῦ πεδίου καὶ ἕλος τε ἐποίει καὶ λίμνην ἀντὶ βιαίου καὶ στενοῦ ῥεύματος, κατὰ τοῦτο ὁ Βρέννος ὅσον μυρίους τῶν Γαλατῶν ἀπέστειλεν, ὁπόσοι τε νεῖν ἠπίσταντο ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ ὅστις τῷ μήκει τοῦ σώματος ἐτύγχανεν ὢν ὑπὲρ τοὺς πολλούς·	On the very next night, therefore, Brennus sent about ten thousand Gauls downstream, not by the bridges formerly used over the river, but further down the stream, so that the Greeks might not perceive them crossing.	Describes Brennus' military maneuver during the Gallic invasion, a post-500 BC historical event.
10.20.7	2	other	high	εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλως οἱ Κελτοὶ μακρῷ πάντας ὑπερηρκότες μήκει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους.	He chose the place where the Spercheius, spreading out over much of the plain, created marshland and a lake instead of flowing with a strong and narrow current.	A descriptive ethnographic remark about the Celts' exceptional height, not a mythic or historical event.
10.20.8	1	other	high	οὗτοι οὖν διαβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ διανηχόμενοι ὧδε τὸ λιμνῶδες τοῦ ποταμοῦ· καὶ τὰ ὅπλα, τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους θυρεούς, ἐποιεῖτο ἕκαστος ἀντὶ σχεδίας, οἱ δὲ αὐτῶν μήκιστοι διελθεῖν ἐμβαδὸν τὸ ὕδωρ ἐδυνήθησαν.	Thus, they crossed during the night, swimming through the marshy area of the river in the following manner: each man used his shield, a native shield, as a raft; the tallest among them were able to proceed by wading through the water.	Purely descriptive route detail about how men crossed a river; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
10.20.8	2	historical	high	οἱ δὲ Ἕλληνες οἱ ἐπὶ τῷ Σπερχειῷ ---πυνθάνονται γὰρ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ ἕλος διέβη μοῖρα τῶν βαρβάρων---αὐτίκα ἐς τὸ στράτευμα ἀναχωροῦσι,	When the Greeks stationed at the Spercheius learned that a division of the barbarians had passed through the marsh, they immediately retreated to their main force.	Refers to Greek forces and barbarians in a war context, an event of historical narrative rather than myth.
10.20.8	3	historical	high	Βρέννος δὲ τοῖς περὶ τὸν Μαλιακὸν κόλπον οἰκοῦσι ζευγνύναι τὸν Σπερχειὸν ἐπέτασσεν·	Meanwhile Brennus ordered the inhabitants around the Malian Gulf to bridge the Spercheius River.	Brennus is a historical figure of the Gallic invasion, and this refers to a military action in that campaign.
10.20.8	4	historical	medium	οἱ δὲ ἤνυον τὸ ἔργον σπουδῇ, τῷ τε ἐκείνου δέει καὶ ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ τῆς χώρας σφίσιν ἐπιθυμοῦντες τοὺς βαρβάρους μηδὲ ἐπὶ πλέον κακουργεῖν μένοντας.	They completed the work swiftly, driven both by their fear of him and by their desire for the barbarians to depart from their land, lest they remain and commit further atrocities.	Describes a concrete wartime action against barbarians and its immediate consequences, not mythic material.
10.20.9	1	historical	high	ὁ δὲ ὡς κατὰ τὰς γεφύρας διεβίβασε τὴν στρατιάν, ἐχώρει πρὸς τὴν Ἡράκλειαν· καὶ διήρπασαν μὲν τὰ ἐκ τῆς χώρας οἱ Γαλάται καὶ ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐφόνευσαν, τὴν πόλιν δὲ οὐχ εἷλον.	After he had led the army across by way of the bridges, he advanced toward Herakleia; the Gauls despoiled the countryside and slew the people left behind in the fields, but they did not take the city.	Describes a Gallic military advance and plundering during a historical campaign, after 500 BC.
10.20.9	2	historical	high	ἔτει γὰρ πρότερον τούτων οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ συντελεῖν τοὺς Ἡρακλεώτας ἠνάγκασαν ἐς τὸ Αἰτωλικόν· τότε οὖν ἠμύνοντο ὡς περὶ πόλεως οὐδέν τι Ἡρακλεώταις μᾶλλον ἢ καὶ αὑτοῖς προσηκούσης.	A year before these events, the Aetolians had compelled the citizens of Herakleia to join the Aetolian League; thus now they defended Herakleia as though the city belonged not so much to the Heracleians as to themselves.	Refers to Aetolian League politics and coercion of Herakleia, an event after 500 BC.
10.20.9	3	historical	high	ἦν δὲ καὶ τῷ Βρέννῳ τὰ μὲν Ἡρακλεωτῶν ἐλάσσονος φροντίδος, ἀγώνισμα δὲ ἐποιεῖτο ἐξελάσαι τε ἐκ τῶν στενῶν τοὺς ἀντικαθημένους καὶ παρελθεῖν ἐς τὴν ἐντὸς Θερμοπυλῶν Ἑλλάδα.	Brennus, however, gave little thought to the affairs of Herakleia, but was eager above all to drive out those who guarded the pass and press forward into Greece beyond Thermopylae.	Describes Brennus and the Gallic advance at Thermopylae, a post-500 BC historical event.