Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 1.34

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
1.34.1 1 historical high τὴν δὲ γῆν τὴν Ὠρωπίαν μεταξὺ τῆς Ἀττικῆς καὶ Ταναγρικῆς, Βοιωτίαν τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὖσαν, ἔχουσιν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Ἀθηναῖοι, πολεμήσαντες μὲν τὸν πάντα ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς χρόνον, κτησάμενοι δὲ οὐ πρότερον βεβαίως πρὶν ἢ Φίλιππος Θήβας ἑλὼν ἔδωκέ σφισιν. The Oropian territory that lies between Attica and Tanagra, originally belonging to Boeotia, is occupied in our time by the Athenians. Describes control of Oropian territory in the author's time and a transfer after Philip's capture of Thebes, a historical geopolitical fact.
1.34.1 2 historical medium ἡ μὲν οὖν πόλις ἐστὶν ἐπὶ θαλάσσης μέγα οὐδὲν ἐς συγγραφὴν παρεχομένη· ἀπέχει δὲ δώδεκα τῆς πόλεως σταδίους μάλιστα ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀμφιαράου. They continually fought for it, but did not firmly obtain possession until Philip conquered Thebes and granted it to them. Refers to Philip and Thebes, a post-500 BC historical event affecting possession.
1.34.2 1 mythic high λέγεται δὲ Ἀμφιαράῳ φεύγοντι ἐκ Θηβῶν διαστῆναι τὴν γῆν καὶ ὡς αὐτὸν ὁμοῦ καὶ τὸ ἅρμα ὑπεδέξατο· πλὴν οὐ ταύτῃ συμβῆναί φασιν, ἀλλά ἐστιν ἐκ Θηβῶν ἰοῦσιν ἐς Χαλκίδα Ἅρμα καλούμενον. They say that when Amphiaraus was fleeing from Thebes, the earth opened up and received both him and his chariot; yet they affirm that this event occurred not at this spot, but at a place called Harma ("Chariot") on the road leading from Thebes to Chalcis. Amphiaraus's descent into the earth is a mythic event, and the sentence concerns its legendary location.
1.34.2 2 mythic high θεὸν δὲ Ἀμφιάραον πρώτοις Ὠρωπίοις κατέστη νομίζειν, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ οἱ πάντες Ἕλληνες ἥγηνται. It was the Oropians who first established the worship of Amphiaraus as a god, but afterwards all the Greeks respected him as divine. Amphiaraus is a hero whose posthumous divine status belongs to mythic cult and worship, not historical narrative.
1.34.2 3 mythic high καταλέξαι δὲ καὶ ἄλλους ἔχω γενομένους τότε ἀνθρώπους, οἳ θεῶν παρʼ Ἕλλησι τιμὰς ἔχουσι, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἀνάκεινται πόλεις, Ἐλεοῦς ἐν Χερρονήσῳ Πρωτεσιλάῳ, Λεβάδεια Βοιωτῶν Τροφωνίῳ· I could also list other men of past times who have received divine honors among the Greeks and even have cities dedicated to them—for instance, Protesilaus at Elaeus in the Chersonese and Trophonius at Lebadeia in Boeotia. Lists honored figures from heroic/mythic past, with cult at Elaeus and Lebadeia.
1.34.2 4 mythic high καὶ Ὠρωπίοις ναός τέ ἐστιν Ἀμφιαράου καὶ ἄγαλμα λευκοῦ λίθου. Likewise, the Oropians have a temple for Amphiaraus and a statue of him made from white stone. Amphiaraus is a mythic figure, and the temple/statue are cultic monuments associated with him.
1.34.3 1 other high παρέχεται δὲ ὁ βωμὸς μέρη· τὸ μὲν Ἡρακλέους καὶ Διὸς καὶ Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Παιῶνος, τὸ δὲ ἥρωσι καὶ ἡρώων ἀνεῖται γυναιξί, τρίτον δὲ Ἑστίας καὶ Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Ἀμφιαράου καὶ τῶν παίδων Ἀμφιλόχου· The altar is divided into sections: one portion belongs to Heracles, Zeus, and Apollo Paeon; another is consecrated to heroes and to the wives of heroes; a third portion is for Hestia, Hermes, Amphiaraus, and the children of Amphiaraus. Describes the altar’s divisions and dedications, a topographical/religious description rather than an event.
1.34.3 2 mythic high Ἀλκμαίων δὲ διὰ τὸ ἐς Ἐριφύλην ἔργον οὔτε ἐν Ἀμφιαράου τινά, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ παρὰ τῷ Ἀμφιλόχῳ τιμὴν ἔχει. Alcmaeon, however, on account of his deed against Eriphyle, receives no honors either with Amphiaraus himself or with Amphilochus. Alcmaeon, Eriphyle, Amphiaraus, and Amphilochus belong to mythic heroic tradition.
1.34.3 3 other high τετάρτη δέ ἐστι τοῦ βωμοῦ μοῖρα Ἀφροδίτης καὶ Πανακείας, ἔτι δὲ Ἰασοῦς καὶ Ὑγείας καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς Παιωνίας· A fourth part of the altar is dedicated to Aphrodite and Panacea, and also to Iaso, Hygieia and Athena Paeonia. Describes the dedication of parts of an altar to deities; this is descriptive/religious topography, not a mythic event or historical event.
1.34.3 4 mythic high πέμπτη δὲ πεποίηται νύμφαις καὶ Πανὶ καὶ ποταμοῖς Ἀχελῴῳ καὶ Κηφισῷ. The fifth portion is assigned to the Nymphs, Pan, and the rivers Achelous and Cephisus. Allocates a share to nymphs, Pan, and river divinities; this is divine/mythic rather than historical or merely geographical.
1.34.3 5 mythic high τῷ δὲ Ἀμφιλόχῳ καὶ παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ πόλει βωμὸς καὶ Κιλικίας ἐν Μαλλῷ μαντεῖον ἀψευδέστατον τῶν ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ. Amphilochus, moreover, has an altar among the Athenians in their city, and at Mallus in Cilicia an oracle, which in my day was the most truthful of all. Amphilochus is a mythic figure, and the sentence concerns his cult and oracle sites.
1.34.4 1 mythic high ἔστι δὲ Ὠρωπίοις πηγὴ πλησίον τοῦ ναοῦ, ἣν Ἀμφιαράου καλοῦσιν, οὔτε θύοντες οὐδὲν ἐς αὐτὴν οὔτʼ ἐπὶ καθαρσίοις ἢ χέρνιβι χρῆσθαι νομίζοντες· νόσου δὲ ἀκεσθείσης ἀνδρὶ μαντεύματος γενομένου καθέστηκεν ἄργυρον ἀφεῖναι καὶ χρυσὸν ἐπίσημον ἐς τὴν πηγήν, ταύτῃ γὰρ ἀνελθεῖν τὸν Ἀμφιάραον λέγουσιν ἤδη θεόν. Near the temple, the Oropians have a spring they call the Spring of Amphiaraus. The spring is named for Amphiaraus and the sentence refers to his divine ascent there, a mythic etiological explanation of the landscape.
1.34.4 2 mythic high Ἰοφῶν δὲ Κνώσσιος τῶν ἐξηγητῶν χρησμοὺς ἐν ἑξαμέτρῳ παρείχετο, Ἀμφιάραον χρῆσαι φάμενος τοῖς ἐς Θήβας σταλεῖσιν Ἀργείων. They neither cast any sacrifices into it nor deem it proper to use its water for purification or cleansing purposes. Refers to Amphiaraus giving an oracle to the Argives sent against Thebes, a mythic event.
1.34.4 3 mythic high ταῦτα τὰ ἔπη τὸ ἐς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπαγωγὸν ἀκρατῶς εἶχε· χωρὶς δὲ πλὴν ὅσους ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος μανῆναι λέγουσι τὸ ἀρχαῖον, μάντεών γʼ οὐδεὶς χρησμολόγος ἦν, ἀγαθοὶ δὲ ὀνείρατα ἐξηγήσασθαι καὶ διαγνῶναι πτήσεις ὀρνίθων καὶ σπλάγχνα ἱερείων. When someone has been cured of a sickness in accordance with an oracle, it is customary for him to throw silver coins and stamped gold into the spring; for tradition says that here Amphiaraus ascended from the earth and became a god. Amphiaraus’s ascent from the earth and divinization is a mythic event affecting the spring.
1.34.5 1 mythic high δοκῶ δὲ Ἀμφιάραον ὀνειράτων διακρίσει μάλιστα προ ς κεῖσθαι· I think Amphiaraus is especially skilled in interpreting dreams; Amphiaraus is a mythic hero, and his dream-interpretation skill belongs to mythic tradition.
1.34.5 2 mythic high δῆλος δέ, ἡνίκα ἐνομίσθη θεός, διʼ ὀνειράτων μαντικὴν καταστησάμενος. clearly so, since the belief in his divinity was established largely through divination by dreams. Refers to a god's divinity being established through dream divination, a mythic/religious event.
1.34.5 3 other high καὶ πρῶτον μὲν καθήρασθαι νομίζουσιν ὅστις ἦλθεν Ἀμφιαράῳ χρησόμενος· The people hold that whoever comes to Amphiaraus seeking an oracle must first undergo purification. Describes a cultic ritual rule for oracle consultation, not a mythic event or historical event.
1.34.5 4 other high ἔστι δὲ καθάρσιον τῷ θεῷ θύειν, θύουσι δὲ καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ πᾶσιν ὅσοις ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ τὰ ὀνόματα· It is customary for purification rites to sacrifice to the god, offering not only to Amphiaraus himself but also to all the deities whose names appear on the altar. Describes a cultic custom and altar practice, not a mythic event or historical event.
1.34.5 5 other high προεξειργασμένων δὲ τούτων κριὸν θύσαντες καὶ τὸ δέρμα ὑποστρωσάμενοι καθεύδουσιν ἀναμένοντες δήλωσιν ὀνείρατος. After these preliminary rites, they sacrifice a ram, spread out its skin, and lie down upon it, sleeping there in expectation of a prophetic dream. Describes a ritual practice and dream-incubation procedure, not a mythic event or historical event.