Pausanias Analysis - Current Sentence Tags 4.2

Chapter 4.2

Passage	Sentence	Bucket	Confidence	Greek	English	Rationale
4.2.1	1	mythic	high	πυθέσθαι δὲ σπουδῇ πάνυ ἐθελήσας, οἵ τινες παῖδες Πολυκάονι ἐγένοντο ἐκ Μεσσήνης, ἐπελεξάμην τάς τε Ἠοίας καλουμένας καὶ τὰ ἔπη τὰ Ναυπάκτια, πρὸς δὲ αὐτοῖς ὁπόσα Κιναίθων καὶ Ἄσιος ἐγενεαλόγησαν.	Since I earnestly wished to find out who were the children born to Polycaon from Messene, I examined carefully both the works called the “Eoiae” and the “Naupactian Epics,” as well as all the genealogies composed by Cinaethon and Asius.	Genealogical inquiry into Polycaon and Messene belongs to mythic material.
4.2.1	2	mythic	high	οὐ μὴν ἔς γε ταῦτα ἦν σφισιν οὐδὲν πεποιημένον, ἀλλὰ Ὕλλου μὲν τοῦ Ἡρακλέους θυγατρὶ Εὐαίχμῃ συνοικῆσαι Πολυκάονα υἱὸν Βούτου λεγούσας τὰς μεγάλας οἶδα Ἠοίας, τὰ δὲ ἐς τὸν Μεσσήνης ἄνδρα καὶ τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν Μεσσήνην παρεῖταί σφισι.	Yet in these writings nothing on this subject was included at all, except that I know the “Great Eoiae” say Polycaon, son of Boutes, married Euaechme, daughter of Hyllus, son of Heracles; however, concerning Messene herself and Messene’s husband they pass entirely over in silence.	Mentions Heracles, Hyllus, and a marriage from the mythic genealogical tradition, not a historical event.
4.2.2	1	mythic	high	χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον, ὡς ἦν τῶν Πολυκάονος οὐδεὶς ἔτι ἀπογόνων, ἐς γενεὰς πέντε ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν προελθόντων καὶ οὐ πλέονας, Περιήρην τὸν Αἰόλου βασιλέα ἐπάγονται.	Some time later, when no descendants of Polycaon were left, after five generations had passed—I believe not more—they introduced Perieres, son of Aeolus, as their king.	Genealogical succession from Polycaon to Perieres is legendary/mythic history.
4.2.2	2	mythic	high	παρὰ τοῦτον ἀφίκετο, ὡς οἱ Μεσσήνιοί φασι, Μελανεύς, τοξεύειν ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ διὰ τοῦτο Ἀπόλλωνος εἶναι νομιζόμενος·	According to the Messenians, Melaneus came to him, a man skilled in archery and for this reason held to be a son of Apollo.	Melaneus being regarded as a son of Apollo is a mythic genealogy.
4.2.2	3	mythic	medium	καί οἱ τῆς χώρας τὸ Καρνάσιον, τότε δὲ Οἰχαλίαν κληθεῖσαν, ἀπένειμεν ὁ Περιήρης ἐνοικῆσαι·	Perieres granted him that territory called Carnasium, though at that time it was named Oechalia, to settle and dwell in.	Perieres is a mythic figure, and the sentence concerns the mythic naming and allocation of territory.
4.2.2	4	mythic	medium	γενέσθαι δὲ ὄνομα Οἰχαλίαν τῇ πόλει φασὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Μελανέως τῆς γυναικός.	They say the city was given the name Oechalia from the wife of Melaneus.	The city’s name is explained through a mythic genealogical figure, the wife of Melaneus.
4.2.3	1	other	high	Θεσσαλοὶ δὲ καὶ Εὐβοεῖς, ἥκει γὰρ δὴ ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι τὰ πλείω, λέγουσιν οἱ μὲν ὡς τὸ Εὐρύτιον---χωρίον δὲ ἔρημον ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐστι τὸ Εὐρύτιον---πόλις τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἦν καὶ ἐκαλεῖτο Οἰχαλία, τῷ δὲ Εὐβοέων λόγῳ Κρεώφυλος ἐν Ἡρακλείᾳ πεποίηκεν ὁμολογοῦντα·	Now, the Thessalians and the Euboeans—for indeed most matters in Greece are subject to dispute—give differing accounts: the Thessalians maintain that Eurytion (which in our time is a deserted locale) was in ancient days a city called Oechalia; the Euboean tradition, however, is supported by Creophylus, who composed a poem titled "Herakleia" agreeing with their account.	Antiquarian report of competing local traditions and place-identification, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
4.2.3	2	other	high	Ἑκαταῖος δὲ ὁ Μιλήσιος ἐν Σκίῳ μοίρᾳ τῆς Ἐρετρικῆς ἔγραψεν εἶναι Οἰχαλίαν.	Hecataeus the Milesian wrote that Oechalia belonged to the territory of Eretria, specifically in the Scian district.	An antiquarian report of Hecataeus' geographical claim about Oechalia and Eretria, not a mythic or historical event.
4.2.3	3	other	high	ἀλλὰ γὰρ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τά τε ἄλλα δοκοῦσί μοι μᾶλλον εἰκότα ἐκείνων λέγειν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῶν ὀστῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Εὐρύτου, ἃ δὴ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔπειτά που ὁ λόγος ἐπέξεισί μοι.	But to my mind, the Messenians’ account on these points seems more credible, especially regarding the bones of Eurytos, concerning which I will provide further details later in my narrative.	Meta-narrative comment about credibility and a future digression; not an event.
4.2.4	1	mythic	high	Περιήρει δὲ ἐγεγόνεσαν ἐκ Γοργοφόνης τῆς Περσέως Ἀφαρεὺς καὶ Λεύκιππος, καὶ ὡς ἀπέθανε Περιήρης, ἔσχον οὗτοι τὴν Μεσσηνίων ἀρχήν·	Perieres had two sons by Gorgophone, daughter of Perseus, Aphareus and Leucippus, and when Perieres died, these sons assumed power over the Messenians.	Genealogy of Perseus’ descendants and succession of Perieres’ sons belongs to mythic family history.
4.2.4	2	historical	medium	κυριώτερος δὲ ἔτι Ἀφαρεὺς ἦν.	However, Aphareus was the more authoritative ruler.	Describes a ruler in a local genealogical-historical context, not a mythic event or landscape feature.
4.2.4	3	mythic	high	οὗτος βασιλεύσας πόλιν ᾤκισεν Ἀρήνην ἀπὸ τῆς Οἰβάλου θυγατρός, αὑτοῦ δὲ γυναικὸς τῆς αὐτῆς καὶ ἀδελφῆς ὁμομητρίας·	During his reign as king, Aphareus founded a city named Arene after the daughter of Oebalus, who was also his own wife and maternal half-sister.	Aphareus and the naming/founding of Arene belong to heroic mythic genealogy and city-founding tradition.
4.2.4	4	mythic	high	καὶ γὰρ Οἰβάλῳ συνῴκησε Γοργοφόνη, καί μοι δὶς ἤδη τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν ὁ λόγος ἔν τε τῇ Ἀργολίδι ἐδήλωσε καὶ ἐν τῇ Λακωνικῇ συγγραφῇ.	For Gorgophone had also married Oebalus; indeed, I have already mentioned her twice previously, both in my account of Argolis and in my work on Laconia.	Mentions Gorgophone and Oebalus, figures of mythic genealogy, with no historical event.
4.2.5	1	mythic	high	ὁ δʼ οὖν Ἀφαρεὺς πόλιν τε ἔκτισεν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ τὴν Ἀρήνην καὶ Νηλέα τὸν Κρηθέως τοῦ Αἰόλου, Ποσειδῶνος δὲ ἐπίκλησιν, ἀνεψιὸν ὄντα αὐτῷ, φεύγοντα ἐξ Ἰωλκοῦ Πελίαν ἐδέξατο οἴκῳ.	Aphareus founded the city of Arene in Messenia and welcomed into his home Neleus, the son of Cretheus son of Aeolus, surnamed Poseidon, who was his cousin and fleeing from Pelias out of Iolcus.	Aphareus founding Arene and sheltering Neleus are mythic genealogical events.
4.2.5	2	mythic	high	καὶ τῆς γῆς οἱ ἔδωκε τὰ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ, ἐν οἷς ἄλλαι τε ἦσαν πόλεις καὶ ἡ Πύλος, ἔνθα καὶ ᾤκησε καὶ τὸ βασίλειον κατεστήσατο ὁ Νηλεύς.	He gave to him the land along the sea, where among other towns was Pylos, and it was there that Neleus settled and established his royal dwelling.	Refers to Neleus settling Pylos and establishing his royal dwelling, a mythic foundational event.
4.2.6	1	mythic	high	ἀφίκετο δὲ ἐς τὴν Ἀρήνην καὶ Λύκος ὁ Πανδίονος, ὅτε καὶ αὐτὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν Αἰγέα ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἔφευγε·	Lycus, son of Pandion, had also come to Arene when he himself was fleeing Athens away from his brother Aegeus;	References Lycus son of Pandion and flight from Athens, both in mythic genealogical context.
4.2.6	2	mythic	high	καὶ τὰ ὄργια ἐπέδειξε τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν Ἀφαρεῖ καὶ τοῖς παισὶ καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ Ἀρήνῃ·	and he revealed the mysteries of the Great Gods to Aphareus, his children, and his wife Arene.	Refers to sacred mysteries of the Great Gods, a mythic/religious event.
4.2.6	3	mythic	high	ταῦτα δέ σφισιν ἐπεδείκνυτο ἀγαγὼν ἐς τὴν Ἀνδανίαν, ὅτι καὶ τὴν Μεσσήνην ὁ Καύκων ἐμύησεν ἐνταῦθα.	He showed them these rites after leading them to Andania, because it was there also that Caucon had initiated Messene.	Refers to Caucon initiating Messene, a mythic origin story tied to the landscape of Andania.
4.2.7	1	mythic	high	Ἀφαρεῖ δὲ τῶν παίδων πρεσβύτερος μὲν καὶ ἀνδρειότερος Ἴδας, νεώτερος δὲ ἦν Λυγκεύς, ὃν ἔφη Πίνδαρος---ὅτῳ πιστὰ---οὕτως ὀξὺ ὁρᾶν ὡς καὶ διὰ στελέχους θεᾶσθαι δρυός.	Of the sons of Aphareus, Idas was elder and braver, while the younger was Lynceus, who, according to Pindar—if one trusts him—had eyesight so sharp that he could see even through the trunk of an oak tree.	Refers to the mythic figures Idas and Lynceus, with an anecdote about Lynceus's extraordinary eyesight.
4.2.7	2	mythic	high	Λυγκέως μὲν δὴ παῖδα οὐκ ἴσμεν γενόμενον, Ἴδα δὲ Κλεοπάτραν θυγατέρα ἐκ Μαρπήσσης, ἣ Μελεάγρῳ συνῴκησεν.	No child of Lynceus, as far as we know, was ever born; but Idas had by Marpessa a daughter, Cleopatra, who married Meleager.	Genealogy of Idas, Marpessa, Cleopatra, and Meleager is mythic tradition.
4.2.7	3	mythic	high	ὁ δὲ τὰ ἔπη ποιήσας τὰ Κύπρια Πρωτεσιλάου φησίν, ὃς ὅτε κατὰ τὴν Τρῳάδα ἔσχον Ἕλληνες ἀποβῆναι πρῶτος ἐτόλμησε, Πρωτεσιλάου τούτου τὴν γυναῖκα Πολυδώραν μὲν τὸ ὄνομα, θυγατέρα δὲ Μελεάγρου φησὶν εἶναι τοῦ Οἰνέως.	The author of the epic poem called the Cypria says that the wife of Protesilaus—the one who first dared to land when the Greeks arrived at Troy—was named Polydora, and calls her daughter of Meleager son of Oeneus.	Refers to Protesilaus, the Trojan War, and a mythic genealogy from the Cypria.
4.2.7	4	mythic	medium	εἰ τοίνυν ἐστὶν ἀληθές, αἱ γυναῖκες αὗται τρεῖς οὖσαι τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀπὸ Μαρπήσσης ἀρξάμεναι προαποθανοῦσι πᾶσαι τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἑαυτὰς ἐπικατέσφαξαν.	If this is true, then these three women, beginning with Marpessa, all preceded their husbands in death, each one killing herself intentionally after her husband's demise.	Refers to Marpessa and a traditional mythic genealogy of women and husbands, not a historical event.