Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags
| Passage | Sentence | Bucket | Confidence | Greek | English | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.8.1 | 1 | historical | low | τοιαῦτα μὲν ὁ Εὐφαὴς εἶπεν· | Such were the words spoken by Euphaes. | A speech by Euphaes is a narrative/historical reference rather than mythic or descriptive. |
| 4.8.1 | 2 | historical | medium | ἐπεὶ δὲ ἑκατέροις ἐσήμηναν οἱ ἡγεμόνες, Μεσσήνιοι μὲν δρόμῳ τε ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐχρῶντο καὶ ἀφειδῶς αὑτῶν εἶχον ἅτε ἄνθρωποι θανατῶντες ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ, καὶ αὐτὸς ἕκαστος πρῶτος ἔσπευδεν ἄρξαι μάχης· | And when the commanders gave the signal to each side, the Messenians charged running against the Lacedaemonians, fighting recklessly and sparing themselves not at all; for being men driven to death by rage, each man individually strove eagerly to be the first to start the battle. | Describes a battle action involving the Messenians and Lacedaemonians, an event in historical warfare rather than myth. |
| 4.8.1 | 3 | historical | high | ἀντεπῄεσαν δὲ καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι σπουδῇ καὶ οὗτοι, πρόνοιαν δὲ ὅμως ἐποιοῦντο μὴ διαλυθῆναί σφισι τὴν τάξιν. | The Lacedaemonians also advanced swiftly against them, yet mindful nevertheless to maintain their formation intact. | Describes Spartan military movement in a battle context, an event of historical rather than mythic character. |
| 4.8.2 | 1 | historical | high | ὡς δὲ πλησίον ἐγίνοντο, ἀπειλαῖς ἐχρῶντο τῶν τε ὅπλων τῇ κινήσει καὶ ἐνορῶντες ἐς ἀλλήλους δεινόν· | As soon as they drew close, they began to threaten each other, brandishing their weapons and looking fiercely into each other's eyes. | Describes a confrontation and threatening behavior between people, with no mythic element; best treated as historical narrative/action. |
| 4.8.2 | 2 | other | high | ἔς τε λοιδορίας προήγοντο οἱ μὲν οἰκέτας αὑτῶν ἤδη τοὺς Μεσσηνίους καὶ οὐδὲν ἐλευθερωτέρους ἀποκαλοῦντες τῶν εἱλώτων, οἱ δὲ ἐκείνους τῷ τε ἐγχειρήματι ἀνοσίους, ἐπεὶ πλεονεξίας ἕνεκα ἐπὶ ἄνδρας συγγενεῖς ἐπίασι, καὶ θεῶν ἀσεβεῖς ὅσοι Δωριεῦσι πατρῷοι, τῶν τε ἄλλων καὶ μάλιστα Ἡρακλέους. | Then they fell to mutual vilification: the Spartans calling the Messenians their slaves already, claiming they had no more freedom than helots, while the Messenians in turn accused their opponents of impiety in their undertaking, because motivated by greed they attacked men of their own kin, and of disrespect toward those gods who were ancestral to all Dorians, especially toward Heracles. | Mutual vilification and claims about slavery, kinship, and impiety are descriptive/account of the quarrel, not a mythic event or later historical event. |
| 4.8.2 | 3 | historical | high | ἤδη τε ὁμοῦ τοῖς ὀνείδεσι καὶ ἔργων ἥπτοντο, ἀθρόοι τε πρὸς ἀθρόους ὠθισμῷ χρώμενοι μάλιστα οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ἀνὴρ ἀνδρὶ ἐπιόντες. | After these mutual taunts, they came at last to blows, the Spartans especially fighting in dense formations and engaging each man face-to-face against his enemy. | Describes combat in a historical battle, not mythic material. |
| 4.8.3 | 1 | historical | high | τέχνῃ μὲν οὖν ἐς τὰ πολεμικὰ ὁμοῦ καὶ μελέτῃ πολὺ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι προέσχον, πρὸς δὲ καὶ τῷ πλήθει· | Now the Lacedaemonians surpassed their opponents considerably through their skill and experience in warfare, and also through sheer numbers. | Refers to the Lacedaemonians' military strength in historical warfare, not mythic material. |
| 4.8.3 | 2 | historical | high | τούς τε γὰρ περιοίκους ὑπηκόους ἤδη καὶ συνακολουθοῦντας εἶχον Ἀσιναῖοί τε καὶ οἱ Δρύοπες γενεᾷ πρότερον ὑπὸ Ἀργείων ἐκ τῆς σφετέρας ἀνεστηκότες καὶ ἥκοντες ἐς τὴν Λακεδαίμονα ἱκέται κατʼ ἀνάγκην συνεστρατεύοντο· | For they already possessed Perioikoi as subjects and followers; besides, the Asinaeans and the Dryopes, who a generation earlier had been driven from their homeland by the Argives and had come as suppliants to Lacedaemon, had no choice but to join them in their military expeditions. | Describes peoples displaced by the Argives and later serving in Spartan campaigns; this is post-mythic historical-social material. |
| 4.8.3 | 3 | historical | high | πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ψιλοὺς τῶν Μεσσηνίων τοξότας Κρῆτας ἐπήγοντο μισθωτούς. | In addition to these, they hired Cretan archers as mercenaries against the light-armed troops of the Messenians. | Describes a wartime tactical action in a historical conflict, hiring mercenaries. |
| 4.8.4 | 1 | other | high | Μεσσηνίοις δὲ †ἐς ἅπαντα ἐς τὸ ἴσον ἥ τε ἀπόνοια καὶ τὸ ἐς τὸν θάνατον εὔθυμον· | But among the Messenians, a reckless courage and a cheerful resolve facing death attended them universally in equal measure. | General character description of the Messenians; not a mythic or historical event. |
| 4.8.4 | 2 | historical | medium | καὶ ὁπόσα μὲν πάσχοιεν, ἀναγκαῖα μᾶλλον τοῖς πατρίδα σεμνύνουσιν ἢ δεινὰ ἐνόμιζον, ἃ δὲ ἔδρων, αὐτοί τε ἡγοῦντο εἰργάσθαι μειζόνως καὶ τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις συμβαίνειν χαλεπώτερα. | Whatever hardships they suffered, they regarded rather as obligations befitting those who honored their homeland, not as grievous calamities; and as for the deeds they performed, they themselves considered these achievements even greater while being yet more distressing to the Lacedaemonians. | Refers to civic and military hardships/deeds of the Lacedaemonians, not mythic material. |
| 4.8.4 | 3 | historical | low | καὶ οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν προεκπηδῶντες τῆς τάξεως τολμήματα λαμπρὰ ἀπεδείκνυντο, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἐπικαίρως τετρωμένοις καὶ ἐμπνέουσιν ὀλίγον ὅμως ἡ ἀπόνοια ἤκμαζε. | Some among them, rushing forward ahead of their ranks, displayed brilliant acts of bravery, and even among those critically wounded at the decisive moment, who scarcely still drew breath, their resolute defiance continued to flourish. | Describes combat behavior and bravery in a battle context, with no mythic or geographic material. |
| 4.8.5 | 1 | historical | low | παρακλήσεις τε ἐγίνοντο, καὶ οἱ μὲν ζῶντες καὶ ἔτι ἄτρωτοι τοὺς τραυματίας παρώξυνον, πρὶν ἢ τὴν ἐσχάτην τινὶ ἐφεστηκέναι μοῖραν, ἀντιδράσαντα ὅ τι καὶ δύναιτο σὺν ἡδονῇ δέχεσθαι τὸ πεπρωμένον· | Encouragements were given; those still alive and as yet unwounded urged the wounded, before a final fate overtook them, to endure bravely and to confront their destiny with pleasure, resisting as far as their strength might allow. | Describes a battle scene and combat morale, which fits historical narrative rather than myth or geography. |
| 4.8.5 | 2 | historical | medium | οἱ δὲ ὁπότε αἴσθοιντο οἱ τραυματίαι τὴν ἰσχὺν σφᾶς ὑπολείπουσαν καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα οὐ παραμένον, διεκελεύοντο τοῖς ἀτρῶσι μὴ χείρονας ἢ αὐτοὶ γίνεσθαι μηδὲ ἐς ἀνωφελὲς τῇ πατρίδι καὶ τὴν ἐκείνων τελευτὴν καταστῆσαι. | On their side, the wounded, whenever they perceived their strength failing and their breath slipping away, commanded the unwounded not to show themselves inferior, nor to render their deaths useless to their country. | Describes wounded soldiers in combat and their exhortation, a historical battlefield scene rather than mythic or descriptive material. |
| 4.8.6 | 1 | other | high | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ προτροπῇ μὲν ἐς ἀλλήλους τῇ δεήσει οὐκ ἐχρῶντο καὶ ἐς τὰ παράδοξα τῶν τολμημάτων οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἑτοίμως τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις εἶχον· | The Lacedaemonians did not require urgent exhortations among themselves, nor did they equal the Messenians in readiness for undertaking extraordinary deeds. | General character comparison between Lacedaemonians and Messenians; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event. |
| 4.8.6 | 2 | historical | high | ἅτε δὲ εὐθὺς ἐκ παίδων τὰ πολεμικὰ ἐπιστάμενοι, βαθυτέρᾳ τε τῇ φάλαγγι ἐχρῶντο καὶ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἤλπιζον οὔτε χρόνον τὸν ἴσον καρτερήσειν ἀντιτεταγμένους οὔτε πρὸς τὸν ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις κάματον ἢ τὰ τραύματα ἀνθέξειν. | Yet, being trained in warfare from childhood, they employed a deeper phalanx formation, and expected that the Messenians would neither endure long holding their ground against them nor withstand the fatigue or wounds sustained in combat. | Describes Spartan military training and tactics in a historical conflict, not myth or geography. |
| 4.8.7 | 1 | other | high | ἴδια μὲν τοιαῦτα ἐν ἑκατέρῳ τῷ στρατεύματι ἔς τε τὰ ἔργα ἦν καὶ ἐς τὰς γνώμας τῶν μαχομένων, κοινὰ δὲ ἀπʼ ἀμφοτέρων· | Such were the peculiar circumstances in each army regarding both the deeds accomplished and the attitudes of those fighting, and there were also factors common to both sides. | General description of the two armies and their circumstances; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event is narrated. |
| 4.8.7 | 2 | other | high | οὔτε γὰρ ἱκεσίαις οἱ φονευόμενοι καὶ χρημάτων ὑποσχέσεσιν ἐχρῶντο, τάχα μέν που μὴ πείσειν διὰ τὸ ἔχθος ἀπεγνωκότες, τὸ δὲ πλεῖστον ἀπαξιοῦντες ὡς οὐ τὰ πρότερά γε κακιοῦσιν· | On the one hand, those being slain neither resorted to supplications nor offered promises of money, either despairing perhaps of convincing their opponents due to mutual hatred, or for the most part thinking it unworthy, believing they had not behaved worse than their adversaries in earlier situations. | Describes the behavior of people being slain; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event, just narrative detail. |
| 4.8.7 | 3 | historical | high | οἵ τε ἀποκτείνοντες ἀπείχοντο καὶ αὐχήματος ὁμοίως καὶ ὀνειδῶν, οὐκ ἔχοντές πω βεβαίαν οὐδέτεροι τὴν ἐλπίδα εἰ κρατήσουσι. | On the other hand, those doing the killing refrained equally from boasting and insults, since neither side yet possessed secure hope of victory. | Describes conduct during a battle between opposing sides, an event in historical narrative rather than myth or geography. |
| 4.8.7 | 4 | historical | high | παραδοξότατα δὲ ἀπέθνησκον οἱ τῶν κειμένων σκυλεύειν τινὰ ἐπιχειροῦντες· ἢ γὰρ τοῦ σώματος γυμνόν τι ὑποφήναντες ἠκοντίζοντο καὶ ἐτύπτοντο οὐ προορώμενοι διὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀσχολίαν, ἢ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν σκυλευομένων ἔτι ἐμπνεόντων διεφθείροντο. | Most remarkable was the manner in which those who attempted to strip the bodies of the fallen met their deaths: either they exposed some unprotected part of their bodies and were struck by spears or projectiles, as they did not foresee danger due to immediate preoccupation, or they were even killed by those whom they were stripping, who were still breathing. | Describes battlefield conduct and deaths in a historical military context, not mythic material. |
| 4.8.8 | 1 | historical | high | ἐμάχοντο δὲ καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἀξίως λόγου, Θεόπομπος δὲ καὶ ἀκρατέστερον ὥρμητο ὡς αὐτὸν ἀποκτενῶν Εὐφαῆ. | The kings fought also with a valor worthy of mention, and Theopompus, engaging with excessive fury, aimed directly at killing Euphaes. | Describes a battle involving named kings and Euphaes, a historical-era military event. |
| 4.8.8 | 2 | mythic | high | Εὐφαὴς δὲ ὁρῶν ἐπιόντα εἶπεν ἄρα πρὸς τὸν Ἄντανδρον οὐδὲν εἶναι τὰ Θεοπόμπου διάφορα ἢ ὅσα ὁ πρόγονος αὐτοῦ Πολυνείκης ἐτόλμησε· Πολυνείκην τε γὰρ στρατιὰν ἐπὶ τὴν πατρίδα ἀγαγόντα ἐξ Ἄργους ἀποκτεῖναι τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοχειρὶ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ ἐκείνου, Θεόπομπόν τε ἐθέλειν ἐς τὸ ἴσον καταστῆσαι μιάσματος τοῖς ἀπὸ Λαΐου καὶ Οἰδίποδος τὸ Ἡρακλειδῶν γένος· οὐ μέντοι χαίροντά γε ἀπὸ τῆς μάχης διακριθήσεσθαι. | Euphaes, seeing him advancing, remarked then to Antander that the conduct of Theopompus differed in nothing from all that his ancestor Polynices had braved; for Polynices had led an army from Argos against his fatherland, had slain his brother by his own hand and himself had perished at his brother’s hand. | References Polynices, Oedipus, and the heroic house of Heracles; this is mythic genealogy and mythic action. |
| 4.8.8 | 3 | mythic | high | τοιαῦτα ἐπιλέγων ἀντεπῄει καὶ οὗτος. | In the same way, said Euphaes, Theopompus wished to involve in equal pollution with the descendants of Laius and Oedipus the race of the Heracleidae. | Refers to the mythic descent and pollution of the Heracleidae and the descendants of Laius and Oedipus. |
| 4.8.9 | 1 | historical | medium | ἐνταῦθα ἥ τε πᾶσα μάχη κεκμηκότων ὅμως ἐς τὸ ἀκμαιότατον αὖθις ἤρθη, καὶ τοῖς τε σώμασιν ἀνερρώννυντο καὶ τὸ ἀφειδὲς ἐς τὸν θάνατον παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων ηὐξάνετο, ὥστε εἰκάσαι ἄν τις τοῦ ἔργου τότε σφᾶς πρῶτον ἅπτεσθαι. | At this point, although exhausted, the whole battle once again rose to its highest intensity; their strength returned to their bodies, and their mutual disregard of death grew ever greater, so that one might suppose they were just beginning the conflict. | Describes the progress of a battle, an event in historical narrative rather than myth or geography. |
| 4.8.9 | 2 | historical | high | τέλος δὲ οἱ περὶ τὸν Εὐφαῆ τῆς τε ἀπονοίας τῷ ὑπερβάλλοντι μανίας ὄντες ἐγγύτατα καὶ ὑπʼ ἀνδραγαθίας---πᾶν γὰρ δὴ τὸ περὶ τὸν βασιλέα οἱ λογάδες τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἦσαν---βιάζονται τοὺς ἀντιτεταγμένους· | Finally, Euphaes and his men, driven closest to madness by their extraordinary desperation and courage—for all those around the king were the elite of the Messenians—overpowered the opposing ranks. | Describes a battle episode in the Messenian Wars, a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 4.8.9 | 3 | historical | high | καὶ αὐτόν τε Θεόπομπον ἀπώσαντο καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων τοὺς καθʼ αὑτοὺς ἐτρέψαντο. | They repulsed Theopompus himself and routed the Lacedaemonians facing them. | Refers to Theopompus and Lacedaemonians in a military engagement, which is historical rather than mythic. |
| 4.8.10 | 1 | historical | high | τὸ δὲ ἕτερον κέρας τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις ἐταλαιπώρει. | But the other wing of the Messenians was suffering severe hardship. | Describes a battle situation involving the Messenians, a historical conflict context rather than myth or geography. |
| 4.8.10 | 2 | historical | high | Πυθάρατός τε γὰρ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐτεθνήκει καὶ αὐτοὶ διὰ τὴν ἀναρχίαν ἀτακτότερον καὶ θορυβωδέστερον ἐμάχοντο, | For their general, Pytharatos, had fallen, and they themselves fought with greater disorder and confusion owing to their lack of leadership. | Refers to a named general’s death and battlefield disorder in a historical military context. |
| 4.8.10 | 3 | other | high | οὐ μέντοι ἀθύμως εἶχον οὐδʼ οὗτοι. | Nevertheless, even these did not lose heart. | A brief descriptive statement about morale; not mythic or historical event. |
| 4.8.10 | 4 | historical | high | φεύγουσι δὲ οὔτε τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις ὁ Πολύδωρος οὔτε οἱ περὶ τὸν Εὐφαῆ τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἠκολούθησαν· | Neither did Polydorus pursue the fleeing Messenians, nor did Euphaes and his men follow up against the Spartans. | Refers to the Messenian-Spartan Wars, a post-500 BC historical conflict. |
| 4.8.10 | 5 | historical | high | Εὐφαεῖ γὰρ καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὐτὸν αἱρετώτερα ἐφαίνετο ἀμύνειν τοῖς ἡττωμένοις---οὐ μέντοι Πολυδώρῳ γὲ οὐδὲ τοῖς περὶ αὐτὸν συμμίσγουσιν, ἐν σκότῳ γὰρ ἤδη τὰ γινόμενα ἦν--- | For Euphaes and his followers judged it preferable to aid those of their comrades who had been worsted—yet they did not manage to join Polydorus and his men, since by this time the events were taking place in darkness. | Describes a human military engagement involving Euphaes and Polydorus, not a mythic episode. |
| 4.8.11 | 1 | other | high | καὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἅμα εἶργε μὴ πρόσω τοῖς ἀποχωροῦσιν ἐπακολουθεῖν οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ ἡ ἀπειρία τῶν τόπων. | And what prevented the Lacedaemonians particularly from pursuing further those who retreated was their unfamiliarity with the region. | Describes terrain unfamiliarity affecting pursuit; geographical/descriptive, not mythic or historical. |
| 4.8.11 | 2 | other | high | ἦν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἄλλως πάτριον σχολαιοτέρας τὰς διώξεις ποιεῖσθαι, μὴ διαλῦσαι τὴν τάξιν πλείονα ἔχοντας πρόνοιαν ἤ τινα ἀποκτεῖναι φεύγοντα. | Moreover, it was their ancestral custom in any case to carry out pursuits rather slowly, believing it more important to preserve their formation than to kill a fleeing enemy. | Describes an ancestral military custom and tactical practice, not a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 4.8.11 | 3 | historical | high | τὰ δὲ μέσα ἀμφοτέροις, ᾗ Λακεδαιμονίων ὁ Εὐρυλέων, Μεσσηνίοις δὲ Κλέοννις ἡγεῖτο, ἰσοπαλῶς μὲν ἠγωνίζοντο, διέλυσε δὲ ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων καὶ τούτους ἐπελθοῦσα ἡ νύξ. | As for the central divisions on both sides, where Euryleon commanded the Lacedaemonians and Cleonnis the Messenians, they fought on equal terms, until night came upon them and separated these forces as well. | Describes a battle between Lacedaemonians and Messenians, an historical conflict. |
| 4.8.12 | 1 | historical | medium | ταύτην τὴν μάχην παρὰ ἀμφοτέρων ἢ μόνα ἢ μάλιστα ἐμαχέσαντο τὰ ὁπλιτικά. | In this battle chiefly, or rather entirely, the heavy infantry fought for both sides. | Refers to a battle and military action, which is historical rather than mythic or descriptive. |
| 4.8.12 | 2 | historical | high | οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων ὀλίγοι τε ἦσαν καὶ οὐδὲν ὥστε καὶ μνημονευθῆναι διεπράξαντο· οὐ γάρ τοι ἀγαθοὶ τότε ἱππεύειν ἦσαν οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι. | The horsemen were few and accomplished nothing worthy even of mention; indeed, the Peloponnesians were at that time not particularly skilled at horsemanship. | Describes a wartime military detail about Peloponnesian horsemen, which belongs to historical narrative. |
| 4.8.12 | 3 | historical | high | τῶν δὲ Μεσσηνίων οἱ ψιλοὶ καὶ οἱ παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίοις Κρῆτες οὐδὲ συνέμιξαν ἀρχήν· τῷ γὰρ πεζῷ τῷ σφετέρῳ κατὰ τρόπον ἔτι ἑκάτεροι τὸν ἀρχαῖον ἐπετάχθησαν. | The Messenian light-armed troops and the Cretans in the Lacedaemonian service did not even engage at all; each group was appointed in the traditional manner to support the regular infantry formation on their respective sides. | Describes troop behavior in a recorded conflict and military organization, which belongs to post-500 BC historical narrative. |
| 4.8.13 | 1 | historical | high | ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν μάχης μὲν οὐδέτεροι διενοοῦντο ἄρχειν οὐδὲ ἱστάναι πρότεροι τρόπαιον. | On the following day, neither side had intended to begin fighting or to be the first to erect a trophy. | Refers to a battle and trophy-erection in a historical conflict context, not myth. |
| 4.8.13 | 2 | historical | high | προϊούσης δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας ὑπὲρ ἀναιρέσεως τῶν νεκρῶν ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο, καὶ ἐπειδὴ παρὰ ἀμφοτέρων συνεχωρήθη, θάψειν ἔμελλον ἤδη τὸ ἐντεῦθεν. | As the day went on, envoys were sent to arrange the recovery of the dead, and when both parties agreed to this, they were now ready to proceed with burial thereafter. | Describes a negotiated burial after battle, an event in the historical narrative rather than mythic lore. |