Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 5.24

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
5.24.1 1 other high παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Λαοίτα Διὸς καὶ Ποσειδῶνος Λαοίτα δὲ , παρὰ τούτων τὸν βωμὸν Ζεὺς ἐπὶ χαλκοῦ βάθρου δῶρον μὲν τοῦ Κορινθίων δήμου, Μούσου δέ ἐστι ποίημα, ὅστις δὴ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Μοῦσος. Next to Zeus surnamed Laoites and Poseidon Laoites—and beside the altar belonging to them—is Zeus standing upon a bronze pedestal, a gift dedicated by the people of Corinth. A topographical and dedicatory description of statues and altars, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
5.24.1 2 other high ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ βουλευτηρίου πρὸς τὸν ναὸν ἐρχομένῳ τὸν μέγαν ἔστιν ἄγαλμα ἐν ἀριστερᾷ Διός, ἐστεφανωμένον δὲ οἷα δὴ ἄνθεσι, καὶ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ κεραυνὸς πεποίηται. This statue is the work of Musus, whoever this Musus may be. Describes a cult statue and its location, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
5.24.1 3 historical high τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν Ἀσκάρου τέχνη Θηβαίου, διδαχθέντος παρὰ τῷ Σικυωνίῳ Κανάχῳ· τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δεκάτην ἀπὸ τοῦ πολέμου Φωκέων καὶ Θεσσαλῶν φησιν εἶναι. As one goes from the council-chamber towards the great temple, there is another statue of Zeus on the left hand; he is crowned, as it appears, with flowers, and in his right hand he holds a crafted thunderbolt. Dates the dedication by reference to the Phocian- Thessalian War, a historical event.
5.24.2 1 historical medium εἰ δὲ Φωκεῦσιν ἐς πόλεμόν τινα οὗτοι κατέστησαν καὶ ἔστιν ἀπὸ Φωκέων αὐτοῖς τὸ ἀνάθημα, οὐκ ἂν ὅ γε ἱερὸς καλούμενος εἴη πόλεμος, ὃν δὲ πρότερον ἔτι ἐπολέμησαν πρὶν ἢ Μήδους καὶ βασιλέα ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα διαβῆναι. But if these men engaged in war with the Phokians, and the dedication resulted from their contest with the Phokians, the conflict at least could not be one called "sacred"; rather, it must have been some earlier war they undertook before the Persians and their king made their expedition against Greece. Refers to a war before the Persian invasion, i.e. a historical rather than mythic conflict; the sentence is also argumentative rather than descriptive.
5.24.2 2 historical high τούτου δὲ οὐ πόρρω Ζεύς ἐστιν, ὅντινα ἀναθεῖναι Ψωφιδίους ἐπὶ πολέμου κατορθώματι τὸ ἔπος τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γεγραμμένον δηλοῖ. Not far from this is a statue of Zeus, which, as the inscription upon it makes clear, was dedicated by the people of Psophis as a thanksgiving for success in war. Describes a dedicatory statue set up by the people of Psophis for a wartime victory, an event after the mythic age.
5.24.3 1 historical medium τοῦ ναοῦ δέ ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ μεγάλου Ζεὺς πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἡλίου, μέγεθος μὲν δυόδεκα ποδῶν, ἀνάθημα δὲ λέγουσιν εἶναι Λακεδαιμονίων, ἡνίκα ἀποστᾶσι Μεσσηνίοις δεύτερα τότε ἐς πόλεμον κατέστησαν· To the right of the great temple there is a statue of Zeus facing eastward, twelve feet in height. Mentions a dedicatory statue attributed to the Spartans in a later historical context, not a mythic event.
5.24.3 2 historical high ἔπεστι δὲ καὶ ἐλεγεῖον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, Δέξο ἄναξ Κρονίδα Ζεῦ Ὀλύμπιε καλὸν ἄγαλμα ἱλάῳ θυμῷ τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις. They say it was dedicated as an offering by the Lacedaemonians at the time of their second declaration of war against the revolting Messenians. Refers to the Lacedaemonians' second war against the revolting Messenians, a historical conflict and dedication.
5.24.4 1 historical high Ῥωμαίων δὲ οὔτε ἄνδρα ἰδιώτην οὔτε ὁπόσοι τῆς βουλῆς οὐδένα Μομμίου πρότερον ἀνάθημα ἴσμεν ἐς ἱερὸν ἀναθέντα Ἑλληνικόν. Of the Romans, neither any private individual nor any senator is known to us to have made a dedication in a Greek sanctuary before Mummius. Refers to Romans before Mummius, a post-500 BC historical timeframe and a dedicatory practice in a sanctuary.
5.24.4 2 historical high Μόμμιος δὲ ἀπὸ λαφύρων ἀνέθηκε τῶν ἐξ Ἀχαΐας Δία ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν χαλκοῦν· οὗτος ἕστηκεν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀναθήματος, παρὰ τὸν πρῶτον ταύτῃ τοῦ ναοῦ κίονα. Mummius, however, dedicated from the spoils he took from Achaia a bronze statue of Zeus at Olympia; it stands to the left of the Spartan offering, near the first pillar of the temple on this side. Mummius and the Achaean spoils are a post-500 BC historical dedication at Olympia.
5.24.4 3 historical high ὃ δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει μέγιστον τῶν χαλκῶν ἐστιν ἀγαλμάτων τοῦ Διός, ἀνετέθη μὲν ὑπὸ αὐτῶν Ἠλείων ἀπὸ τοῦ πρὸς Ἀρκάδας πολέμου, μέγεθος δὲ ἑπτὰ καὶ εἴκοσι ποδῶν ἐστι. The largest bronze statue of Zeus in the Altis was dedicated by the Eleans themselves from the spoils of war against the Arcadians; its height is twenty-seven feet. Describes a statue dedicated from spoils of war against the Arcadians, a post-mythic historical event affecting a monument.
5.24.5 1 other high παρὰ δὲ τῷ Πελοπίῳ κίων τε οὐχ ὑψηλὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα Διός ἐστιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μικρόν, τὴν ἑτέραν τῶν χειρῶν προτεῖνον. Beside the Pelopion, there is a not very tall pillar, and upon it a small statue of Zeus, holding forth one hand. Purely descriptive/topographical notice of a monument beside the Pelopion.
5.24.5 2 mythic high τούτου δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ ἄλλα ἐστὶν ἀναθήματα ἐπὶ στοίχου, ὡς δὲ αὔτως Διὸς καὶ Γανυμήδους ἀγάλματα· Opposite this are other votive offerings arranged in a row, among which similarly appear figures of Zeus and Ganymede. Mentions Zeus and Ganymede, a mythic pair of figures among votive offerings.
5.24.5 3 mythic high ἔστι δὲ Ὁμήρῳ πεποιημένα ὡς ἁρπασθείη τε ὑπὸ θεῶν Γανυμήδης οἰνοχοεῖν Διὶ καὶ ὡς Τρωὶ δῶρα ἵπποι δοθεῖεν ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ. These were created according to Homer's account, depicting how Ganymede was seized by the gods to serve as cupbearer to Zeus, and how horses were given to Tros as compensation for him. Describes Ganymede's divine abduction and the mythic exchange of horses for him.
5.24.5 4 other high τοῦτο ἀνέθηκε μὲν Γνᾶθις Θεσσαλός, ἐποίησε δὲ Ἀριστοκλῆς μαθητής τε καὶ υἱὸς Κλεοίτα. This dedication was offered by Gnathis, a Thessalian, and was crafted by Aristocles, who was both the pupil and son of Cleoetas. A dedicatory notice identifying the dedicant and maker is antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical event narrative.
5.24.6 1 historical high ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος Ζεὺς οὐκ ἔχων πω γένεια, κεῖται δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀναθήμασι τοῖς Μικύθου. There is also another Zeus without a beard, situated among the offerings dedicated by Mikythos. Refers to a cult image among dedications by Mikythos, an historical antiquarian description rather than mythic narrative.
5.24.6 2 other high τὰ δὲ ἐς Μίκυθον, γένος τε ὁποῖον ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἀνθʼ ὅτου τὰ ἀναθήματα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τὰ πολλὰ ἀνέθηκεν, ὁ ἐφεξῆς μοι λόγος δηλώσει. Concerning Mikythos, his lineage, and the reason for most of his dedications at Olympia, these matters will be explained in my following narrative. Introductory transition about forthcoming narrative, not an event or dated historical/mythic claim.
5.24.6 3 other high ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ ἀγάλματος τοῦ εἰρημένου προελθόντι ὀλίγον κατʼ εὐθεῖαν ἄγαλμά ἐστι Διὸς οὐκ ἔχον γένεια οὐδὲ αὐτό, Ἐλαϊτῶν δὲ ἀνάθημα, οἳ καταβάντι ἐκ Καΐκου πεδίου ἐς θάλασσαν πρῶτοι ἐν τῇ Αἰολίδι οἰκοῦσι. A short distance onward in a direct line from the statue just mentioned stands another statue of Zeus, likewise without a beard; this is an offering of the Eleans, who dwell in Aeolis, the first people encountered when going down from the plain of the Caicus River to the sea. Purely topographical and descriptive: statue location and nearby inhabitants, with no mythic or historical event.
5.24.7 1 historical medium τούτου δὲ αὖθις ἄλλο ἄγαλμα ἔχεται Διός, τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ τοὺς ἐν Κνίδῳ Χερρονησίους ἀπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἀναθεῖναι πολεμίων φησίν· Next to this is another statue of Zeus, whose inscription states that the people of Chersonesus in Cnidus set it up after a victory over enemies. Describes a dedicatory inscription for a victory over enemies, reflecting a historical event rather than myth or simple description.
5.24.7 2 mythic high ἀνέθεσαν δὲ ἑκατέρωθεν παρὰ τὸν Δία Πέλοπά τε καὶ τὸν Ἀλφειὸν ποταμόν. On either side of Zeus they dedicated figures of Pelops and the river Alpheius. Pelops and Alpheius are mythic figures/deities in a cultic dedication.
5.24.7 3 other high Κνιδίοις δὲ τῆς πόλεως τὸ μὲν πολὺ ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ πεπόλισται τῇ Καρικῇ, ἔνθα καὶ τὰ λόγου μάλιστα ἄξια αὐτοῖς ἐστιν. The city of the Cnidians is built mostly on the mainland in Caria, and there especially are the places most worthy of account. Purely geographical/descriptive statement about the Cnidian city’s location and notable places.
5.24.7 4 other high ἡ δὲ καλουμένη Χερρόνησός ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῇ ἠπείρῳ κειμένη νῆσος γεφύρᾳ διαβατὸς ἐξ αὐτῆς· The area called Chersonesus is an island lying near the mainland and joined to it by a bridge, across which one can pass. Purely geographical description of Chersonesus and its bridge connection, with no mythic or historical event.
5.24.8 1 other high καὶ τὰ ἀναθήματα ἀνέθεσαν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τῷ Διὶ οἱ ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦντες, ὡς εἰ τῆς Ἐφεσίων πόλεως οἱ ἔχοντες τὸν ὀνομαζόμενον Κόρησον ἀνάθημα φαῖεν ἰδίᾳ τι ἀναθεῖναι τοῦ Ἐφεσίων κοινοῦ. And the inhabitants there dedicated offerings to Zeus at Olympia; just as if certain men possessing the so-called sanctuary of Coresus in the city of the Ephesians were to claim that their dedication was something private, distinct from the common dedication of all the Ephesians. Describes dedications and a comparison to a sanctuary claim; it is antiquarian/descriptive, not a mythic or historical event.
5.24.8 2 historical high ἔστι δὲ καὶ πρὸς τῷ τείχει τῆς Ἄλτεως Ζεὺς ἐπὶ ἡλίου τετραμμένος δυσμάς, ἐπίγραμμα οὐδὲν παρεχόμενος· ἐλέγετο δὲ καὶ οὗτος Μομμίου τε καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν εἶναι πολέμου. Also, near the wall of the Altis stands a Zeus statue facing toward the sunset; it bears no inscription, but this too was said to be an offering by Mummius and from the war against the Achaeans. Refers to Mummius and the Achaean War, a post-500 BC historical event and its deduced impact on the statue's provenance.
5.24.9 1 other high ὁ δὲ ἐν τῷ βουλευτηρίῳ πάντων ὁπόσα ἀγάλματα Διὸς μάλιστα ἐς ἔκπληξιν ἀδίκων ἀνδρῶν πεποίηται· The statue in the Council-chamber is, among all the images of Zeus, the one particularly fashioned to strike terror into wicked men. Describes a cult statue in the Council-chamber, a descriptive/antiquarian detail rather than a mythic event or historical occurrence.
5.24.9 2 other high ἐπίκλησις μὲν Ὅρκιός ἐστιν αὐτῷ, ἔχει δὲ ἐν ἑκατέρᾳ κεραυνὸν χειρί. It has the epithet "Horkios" (Guardian of Oaths), and holds a thunderbolt in each hand. A cult epithet and iconographic description of a god's statue, not an event.
5.24.9 3 other high παρὰ τούτῳ καθέστηκε τοῖς ἀθληταῖς καὶ πατράσιν αὐτῶν καὶ ἀδελφοῖς, ἔτι δὲ γυμνασταῖς ἐπὶ κάπρου κατόμνυσθαι τομίων, μηδὲν ἐς τὸν Ὀλυμπίων ἀγῶνα ἔσεσθαι παρʼ αὐτῶν κακούργημα. Beside it there is established a custom for athletes, their fathers and brothers, and also their trainers to swear on the flesh of a boar that they will commit no wrongdoing concerning the Olympic Games. Describes a local Olympic custom and oath, not a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
5.24.9 4 other high οἱ δὲ ἄνδρες οἱ ἀθληταὶ καὶ τόδε ἔτι προσκατόμνυνται, δέκα ἐφεξῆς μηνῶν ἀπηκριβῶσθαί σφισι τὰ πάντα ἐς ἄσκησιν. Additionally, the athletes themselves solemnly swear further that for ten successive months they have strictly observed every detail of their training. Describes athletic training requirements and an oath, not a mythic or historical event.
5.24.10 1 other high ὀμνύουσι δὲ καὶ ὅσοι τοὺς παῖδας ἢ τῶν ἵππων τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων τοὺς πώλους κρίνουσιν, ἐπὶ δικαίῳ καὶ ἄνευ δώρων ποιεῖσθαι κρίσιν, καὶ τὰ ἐς τὸν δοκιμαζόμενόν τε καὶ μή, φυλάξειν καὶ ταῦτα ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ. Those who judge the youths or the foals of racing horses swear an oath that they will make their decision justly and without bribes, and that they will safeguard matters concerning both those who pass examination and those who do not, keeping all such information secret. Describes civic/administrative judging procedures and oath-taking, not mythic or post-500 BC historical events.
5.24.10 2 other high τῷ κάπρῳ δὲ ὅ τι χρῆσθαί σφισι μετὰ τῶν ἀθλητῶν τὸν ὅρκον καθέστηκεν, οὐκ ἐμνημόνευσα ἐπερέσθαι, ἐπεὶ τοῖς γε ἀρχαιοτέροις ἐπὶ ἱερεῖα ἦν καθεστηκός, ἐφʼ ᾧ τις ὅρκον ἐποιήσατο, μηδὲ ἐδώδιμον εἶναι τοῦτο ἔτι ἀνθρώπῳ. I neglected to inquire why they established the practice of swearing this oath upon a boar together with the athletes; in earlier times, however, it was customary that the animal upon which an oath was sworn should be sacrificed, and thereafter no longer considered edible by humans. Explains an oath-custom and sacrificial practice; this is antiquarian/customary, not mythic or historical narrative.
5.24.10 3 other high δηλοῖ δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ Ὅμηρος· Homer above all reveals this clearly: A general statement citing Homer; it is literary/antiquarian rather than narrating a mythic or historical event.
5.24.11 1 mythic high τὸν γοῦν κάπρον καθʼ ὅτου τῶν τομίων Ἀγαμέμνων ἐπώμοσεν ἦ μὴν εἶναι τὴν Βρισηίδα ἑαυτοῦ τῆς εὐνῆς ἀπείρατον, τοῦτον τὸν κάπρον ἀφιέμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ κήρυκος ἐποίησεν ἐς θάλασσαν· Indeed, regarding the boar by which Agamemnon swore an oath declaring that Briseis remained untouched by his bed, Homer showed this boar released into the sea by the herald, saying, "Then cut the boar's throat with pitiless bronze; this boar Talthybius, whirling around, cast into the great expanse of the grey sea as food for fishes." Refers to Homeric oath and Talthybius casting the boar into the sea, a mythic epic episode.
5.24.11 2 mythic high ἦ, καὶ ἀπὸ σφάραγον κάπρου τάμε νηλέι χαλκῷ. (Hom. Il. 19.266–268) A Homeric citation about a boar's wound is mythic/epic material rather than historical or descriptive.
5.24.11 3 mythic medium τὸν μὲν Ταλθύβιος πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐς μέγα λαῖτμα ῥῖψʼ ἐπιδινήσας, βόσιν ἰχθύσιν. Thus did people of old hold such practices sacred. Mentions Talthybius in a mythic narrative and a ritualized landscape-related act rather than a post-500 BC event.
5.24.11 4 other high Hom. Il. 19.266-268 Before the feet of the image of Zeus Horkios there is a bronze tablet, on which elegiac verses have been inscribed; these lines aim to inspire fear in those inclined to perjury. Describes a bronze tablet and its inscribed verses at the sanctuary; this is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.