Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 6.15

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6.15.1 1 historical high Ἀρχίππῳ δὲ Μιτυληναίῳ τοὺς ἐς τὴν πυγμὴν ἐσελθόντας κρατήσαντι ἄνδρας ἄλλο τοιόνδε προσποιοῦσιν οἱ Μιτυληναῖοι ἐς δόξαν, ὡς καὶ τὸν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Πυθοῖ καὶ Νεμέᾳ καὶ Ἰσθμῷ λάβοι στέφανον ἡλικίαν οὐ πρόσω γεγονὼς ἐτῶν εἴκοσι. The people of Mytilene attribute another considerable honor to Archippos of Mytilene, who won victories in boxing, claiming proudly that he gained crowns at Olympia, Pytho, Nemea, and the Isthmus while he had not yet reached the age of twenty. A victory notice for an athlete and his crowns at Panhellenic games belongs to post-mythic historical/antiquarian record.
6.15.1 2 historical high τὸν δὲ παῖδα σταδιοδρόμον Ξένωνα Καλλιτέλους ἐν Λεπρέου τοῦ ἐν τῇ Τριφυλίᾳ Πυριλάμπης Μεσσήνιος, Κλεινόμαχον δὲ Ἠλεῖον ὅστις ὁ ποιήσας ἐστὶν οὐκ ἴσμεν· Xenon, son of Kallitelos, a youth who won the footrace, was depicted at Lepreum in Triphylia by Pyrilampes the Messenian, and Kleinomachos of Elis by an artist whose identity we do not know; References named athletes and their portraits, a post-mythic commemorative/historical topic.
6.15.1 3 historical high ἀνηγορεύθη δὲ ὁ Κλεινόμαχος ἐπὶ νίκῃ πεντάθλου. Kleinomachos, however, was proclaimed victor in the pentathlon. A named victor in an athletic contest is a historical event, not mythic or purely descriptive.
6.15.2 1 historical high Παντάρκην δὲ Ἠλεῖον Ἀχαιῶν ἀνάθημα εἶναι τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ φησιν· εἰρήνην τε γὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς ποιῆσαι καὶ Ἠλείοις αὐτόν, καὶ ὅσοι παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων πολεμούντων ἑαλώκεσαν, ἄφεσιν καὶ τούτοις γενέσθαι καὶ διʼ αὐτόν. The inscription on it states that Pantarkes, an Eleian, was dedicated by the Achaeans; for he established peace between the Achaeans and the Eleians, and it was through him also that those who had been captured by both sides while they were at war were set free. Refers to a named Eleian and Achaean peace treaty and prisoner release, a post-mythic historical dedication.
6.15.2 2 historical high οὗτος ἀνείλετο καὶ κέλητι ἵππῳ νίκην ὁ Παντάρκης, καί οἱ καὶ τῆς νίκης ὑπόμνημά ἐστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. This same Pantarkes also won a victory with a ridden horse, and his victory memorial is at Olympia. Describes an athletic victory and its memorial at Olympia, a post-mythic historical monument.
6.15.2 3 other high Ὀλίδαν δὲ ἀνέθηκεν Ἠλεῖον τὸ ἔθνος τὸ Αἰτωλῶν, Χαρῖνος δὲ Ἠλεῖος ἐπὶ διαύλου τε ἀνάκειται καὶ ὅπλου νίκῃ· παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν Ἀγέλης Χῖος κρατήσας πυγμῇ παῖδας, Θεομνήστου Σαρδιανοῦ τέχνη. The Aetolian people dedicated Olidas of Elis, and Charinos of Elis is set up for his victories in both the double-stadion race and the race in armor; beside him stands Ageles of Chios, victorious in boys' boxing, the work of Theomnestos of Sardis. Lists athletic dedications and statue identifications; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
6.15.3 1 other high Κλειτομάχου δὲ Θηβαίου τὴν μὲν εἰκόνα ἀνέθηκεν Ἑρμοκράτης ὁ τοῦ Κλει τομάχου πατήρ, τὰ δὲ οἱ ἐς δόξαν ἦν τοιάδε. The statue of Cleitomachus the Theban was dedicated by Hermocrates, Cleitomachus's father. A dedicatory note about a statue and its dedicator; purely antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical narrative.
6.15.3 2 historical high ἐν Ἰσθμῷ παλαιστὰς κατεπάλαισεν ἄνδρας καὶ ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς τούς τε ἐς τὴν πυγμὴν καὶ τοὺς ἐς τὸ παγκράτιον ἐσελθόντας ἐκράτει τῇ μάχῃ· His achievements which won him great fame were as follows: At the Isthmian Games he overcame his competitors in wrestling, and on the very same day he also defeated opponents who entered both boxing and pankration. Describes athletic victories at the Isthmian Games, a post-mythic historical/antiquarian event.
6.15.3 3 other high αἱ δὲ Πυθοῖ νῖκαι παγκρατίου μέν εἰσιν αὐτῷ πᾶσαι, τρεῖς δὲ ἀριθμόν· At Delphi, all of his victories—three in number—were in pankration. Describes the number and type of victories at Delphi; antiquarian/sporting detail rather than mythic or historical event.
6.15.3 4 historical high ἐν δὲ Ὀλυμπίᾳ δεύτερος ὁ Κλειτόμαχος οὗτος μετὰ τὸν Θάσιον Θεαγένην ἐπὶ παγκρατίῳ τε ἀνηγορεύθη καὶ πυγμῇ. At Olympia, Cleitomachus was the second after Theagenes of Thasos to be proclaimed victor in both boxing and pankration. Refers to an athletic victor at Olympia and a known historical comparison, not a mythic event.
6.15.4 1 historical high παγκρατίου μὲν οὖν μιᾷ πρὸς ταῖς τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἔφθανεν ἀνῃρημένος νίκην· At the hundred and forty-first Olympiad he had already obtained a victory in the pankration. Olympiad dating and an athletic victory are post-mythic historical chronology.
6.15.4 2 historical high ἡ δὲ Ὀλυμπιὰς ἡ ἐφεξῆς εἶχε μὲν τὸν Κλειτόμαχον τοῦτον παγκρατίου καὶ πυγμῆς ἀγωνιστήν, εἶχε δὲ καὶ Ἠλεῖον Κάπρον ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς παλαῖσαί τε ὁμοῦ καὶ παγκρατιάσαι προθυμούμενον. At the next Olympiad after this, Cleitomachus competed both in pankration and in boxing, and an Elean named Kapros was eager to compete in wrestling and pankration alike, both on the very same day. Refers to an Olympiad and named athletes in recorded competition, which is historical rather than mythic or purely descriptive.
6.15.5 1 historical medium γεγονυίας δὲ ἤδη τῷ Κάπρῳ νίκης ἐπὶ τῇ πάλῃ, ἀνεδίδασκεν ὁ Κλειτόμαχος τοὺς Ἑλλανοδίκας γενήσεσθαι σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ σφίσιν, εἰ τὸ παγκράτιον ἐσκαλέσαιντο πρὶν ἢ πυκτεύσαντα αὐτὸν λαβεῖν τραύματα· Since Kapros had already won the wrestling match, Cleitomachus tried to persuade the Hellanodikai, arguing that justice would be served if they proclaimed the pankration contest before he, already exhausted from boxing, sustained any injuries. Refers to an Olympic contest and named competitors in a later historical athletic context, not mythic material.
6.15.5 2 other high λέγει τε δὴ εἰκότα καὶ οὕτως ἐσκληθέντος τοῦ παγκρατίου κρατηθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Κάπρου ὅμως ἐχρήσατο ἐς τοὺς πύκτας θυμῷ τε ἐρρωμένῳ καὶ ἀκμῆτι τῷ σώματι. His assertion was reasonable indeed. General evaluative comment about an assertion; not mythic or historical narrative.
6.15.6 1 historical high Ἐρυθραῖοι δὲ οἱ Ἴωνες Ἐπιθέρσην τὸν Μητροδώρου, δύο μὲν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πυγμῆς, δὶς δὲ Πυθοῖ νίκας καὶ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τε καὶ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ λαβόντα, οὗτοι μὲν τὸν Ἐπιθέρσην τοῦτον, Συρακούσιοι δὲ δύο μὲν Ἱέρωνος εἰκόνας τὸ δημόσιον, τρίτην δὲ ἀνέθεσαν οἱ τοῦ Ἱέρωνος παῖδες· The Erythraeans, who are Ionians, set up an offering for Epitherses, son of Metrodorus, who gained two victories in boxing at Olympia, two at Pytho, as well as victories at Nemea and at the Isthmus. Refers to an athletic victor and dedications for him, which are post-mythic historical commemorations.
6.15.6 2 historical high ἐδήλωσα δὲ ὀλίγῳ τι πρότερον ὡς ὁμώνυμός τε τῷ Δεινομένους ὁ Ἱέρων οὗτος καὶ Συρακουσῶν εἴη κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐκείνῳ τύραννος. Such was the honor paid by these people to this Epitherses; the Syracusans, however, dedicated two statues of Hiero at the public expense, and a third was dedicated by Hiero's children. Refers to Hiero of Syracuse, a historical tyrant, and the sentence is about identifying him and his namesake.
6.15.7 1 historical high ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ Ἠλεῖον ἄνδρα Τιμόπτολιν Λάμπιδος Παλεῖς, ἡ τετάρτη Κεφαλλήνων μοῖρα· The fourth division of the Cephallenians dedicated also Timoptolis, an Eleian man, son of Lampis, who was from Pale. Refers to the dedication of a named man by a historical group, with no mythic content; this is antiquarian/historical notice.
6.15.7 2 other high οὗτοι δὲ οἱ Παλεῖς ἐκαλοῦντο Δουλιχιεῖς τὰ ἀρχαιότερα. In earlier times these people from Pale were called Dulichians. An antiquarian note about an older name for a people, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
6.15.7 3 other high ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ Ἀρχίδαμος ὁ Ἀγησιλάου καὶ ἀνὴρ ὅστις δὴ θηρεύοντος παρεχόμενος σχῆμα. There are dedicated also statues of Archidamus son of Agesilaus, and a man depicted in the attitude of someone hunting. A list of statues and their appearance is descriptive/antiquarian material, not a mythic or historical event.
6.15.7 4 historical high Δημήτριον δὲ τὸν ἐλάσαντα ἐπὶ Σέλευκον στρατιᾷ καὶ ἁλόντα ἐν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ τοῦ Δημητρίου τὸν παῖδα Ἀντίγονον ἀναθήματα ἴστω τις Βυζαντίων ὄντας. Let anyone know that Demetrius, who marched against Seleucus with an army and was captured in battle, and Antigonus the son of Demetrius are dedications set up by the Byzantines. Refers to Demetrius, Seleucus, and Antigonus, all Hellenistic historical figures and dedications by the Byzantines.
6.15.8 1 historical high Σπαρτιάτῃ δὲ Εὐτελίδᾳ γεγόνασιν ἐν παισὶ νῖκαι δύο ἐπὶ τῆς ὀγδόης καὶ τριακοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος πάλης, ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα πεντάθλου· Eutelidas, a Spartan, won two victories among the boys during the thirty-eighth Olympiad, one in wrestling and the other in the pentathlon. Records an Olympian athlete’s victories in the 38th Olympiad, a post-500 BC historical notice.
6.15.8 2 historical high πρῶτον γὰρ δὴ τότε οἱ παῖδες καὶ ὕστατον πενταθλήσοντες ἐσεκλήθησαν· For it was then that boys competed for the first and last time in the pentathlon. Describes a historical sporting practice and its timing, not myth or geography.
6.15.8 3 other high ἔστι δὲ ἥ τε εἰκὼν ἀρχαία τοῦ Εὐτελίδα, καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῷ βάθρῳ γράμματα ἀμυδρὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου. The statue of Eutelidas is ancient, and the letters on its base have become faint with time. Describes an ancient statue and weathered inscription; antiquarian/descriptive, not mythic or historical event.
6.15.9 1 historical high μετὰ δὲ τὸν Εὐτελίδαν Ἀρεύς τε αὖθις ὁ Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεὺς καὶ Ἠλεῖος παρʼ αὐτὸν ἀνάκειται Γόργος. After Eutelidas, there stands again Areus, king of the Lacedaemonians, and beside him the Eleian Gorgus. Mentions king Areus of Sparta and the Eleian Gorgus in a statue sequence, indicating named historical figures after 500 BC.
6.15.9 2 historical high μόνῳ δὲ ἀνθρώπων ἄχρι ἐμοῦ τῷ Γόργῳ τέσσαρες μὲν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ γεγόνασιν ἐπὶ πεντάθλῳ, διαύλου δὲ καὶ ὅπλου μία ἐφʼ ἑκατέρῳ νίκη. Gorgus alone, of all men up to my time, achieved four victories at Olympia in the pentathlon, as well as one victory each in the diaulos race and the race in armor. Records an athletic victor up to Pausanias' time; this is a historical note about games and achievements.
6.15.10 1 historical high ὅτῳ δὲ παρεστήκασιν οἱ παῖδες, τοῦτον μὲν Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Λάγου φασὶν εἶναι· The statue by which the children are standing is said to represent Ptolemy, son of Lagus. Mentions Ptolemy son of Lagus, a historical figure from after 500 BC; this is a statue identification.
6.15.10 2 historical high παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν ἀνδριάντες δύο ἀνδρός εἰσιν Ἠλείου Κάπρου τοῦ Πυθαγόρου, πάλης τε εἰληφότος καὶ παγκρατίου στέφανον ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς· Beside him are two statues of Kapros, son of Pythagoras, an Elean who gained victories in wrestling and pancratium on the very same day. Reports athletic victories of Kapros, a historical man, with no mythic content.
6.15.10 3 other high πρώτῳ δὲ γεγόνασιν ἀνθρώπων αἱ δύο νῖκαι τῷ Κάπρῳ τούτῳ. These two victories of Kapros were the first ever achieved by any man. Describes a record in athletic competition, a non-mythic, non-historical descriptive statement.
6.15.10 4 historical high τὸν μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ παγκρατίου καταγωνισθέντα ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δεδήλωκεν δὲ ὁ λόγος ἤδη μοι· I have already described the opponent whom he defeated in pancratium. Refers back to a described athletic contest and an opponent defeated in pancratium; this is a historical/biographical detail, not mythic or geographical.
6.15.10 5 historical high παλαίων δὲ κατέβαλεν Ἠλεῖον Παιάνιον Ὀλυμπιάδα πάλῃ τὴν προτέραν ἀνῃρημένον καὶ Πύθια παίδων τε πυγμῇ καὶ αὖθις ἐν ἀνδράσι πάλῃ τε καὶ πυγμῇ στεφανωθέντα ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς. In wrestling he overcame Paeanios, an Elean who had previously won an Olympic victory in wrestling, and at the Pythian games had gained crowns first in boys' boxing, and again later, on the same day, in the men's competitions both for wrestling and boxing. Refers to victories in Olympic and Pythian games, i.e. post-mythic athletic history.