Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 7.12

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
7.12.1 1 historical high Ὠρώπιοι δὲ καὶ ὠφελείας σφίσιν οὐ γενομένης τῆς παρὰ Ἀχαιῶν, ὅμως ὑπὸ Μεναλκίδα τὰ χρήματα ἐξεπράχθησαν· Although the Oropians had gained no advantage at all from the Achaeans, Menalcidas nonetheless exacted money from them. Refers to Menalcidas and dealings with the Achaeans, a post-Classical historical context rather than myth.
7.12.1 2 historical high ὁ δὲ ὡς τὸ δωροδόκημα εἶχεν ἐν χειρί, ἐποιεῖτο συμφορὰν εἰ καὶ Καλλικράτει μεταδώσει τῶν λημμάτων. Once he had the bribe in his possession, he considered it a disaster even to share the profits with Callicrates. Refers to bribery and profit-sharing in a human political context, not mythic or geographical material.
7.12.1 3 historical medium τὰ μὲν δὴ πρῶτα ἀναβολαῖς καὶ ἀπάταις ἐχρῆτο ἐς τὴν δόσιν, μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἐτόλμησεν ἀποστερεῖν ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος. At first, indeed, he resorted to delays and tricks regarding the payment, but not long after he openly dared to deprive him of it entirely. Describes a non-mythic act of withholding payment, a historical/social event rather than landscape or myth.
7.12.2 1 other high βεβαιοῖ δὴ τὸ λεγόμενον ὡς ἄρʼ ἦν καὶ πῦρ ἐς πλέον ἄλλου πυρὸς καῖον καὶ λύκος ἀγριώτερος λύκων ἄλλων καὶ ὠκύτερος ἱέραξ ἱέρακος πέτεσθαι, εἴγε καὶ Καλλικράτην ἀνοσιώτατον τῶν τότε Μεναλκίδας μὲν ὑπερῆρεν ἀπιστίᾳ, Indeed it confirms the saying that there is a fire burning more fiercely than other flames, and a wolf wilder than other wolves, and a hawk swifter in flight than other hawks—if in fact Callicrates, the most impious of all men at that time, surpassed even Menalcidas in treachery. Gnomic comparison and moral judgment, not mythic narrative or historical event.
7.12.2 2 historical high Καλλικράτην, ὃς ἐλάσσων παντοίου λήμματος καὶ ἐπὶ οὐδενὶ οἰκείῳ κέρδει πόλει τῇ Ἀθηναίων ἀπηχθημένος παυσάμενον μὲν τῆς ἀρχῆς Μεναλκίδαν ἐδίωκεν ἐν τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς θανάτου δίκην· Callicrates, who, inferior in every form of gain and not acting for any private profit, yet hated by the Athenian city, pursued Menalcidas, after his retirement from office, before the Achaeans, pressing for his death sentence. Refers to named Achaean and Athenian political figures and an office-related prosecution, i.e. a post-mythic historical event.
7.12.2 3 historical high πρεσβεῦσαί τε γὰρ Ἀχαιῶν ἐναντία ἔφασκεν αὐτὸν ἐς Ῥώμην καὶ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα γενέσθαι πρόθυμον ἐξελέσθαι τὴν Σπάρτην συνεδρίου τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν. He asserted that Menalcidas had conducted an embassy contrary to the interests of the Achaeans at Rome, and had especially exerted himself zealously to detach Sparta from the confederacy of the Achaeans. Refers to Roman and Achaean League political actions, which are post-500 BC historical events.
7.12.3 1 historical high ἐνταῦθα ὡς ἀφικνεῖτο ἐς πᾶν ὁ Μεναλκίδας κινδύνου, μεταδίδωσι τάλαντα τρία τῶν ἐξ Ὠρωποῦ Μεγαλοπολίτῃ Διαίῳ. When Menalcidas found himself thus brought into complete peril, he handed over three talents from the funds he had taken from Oropus to Diaeus of Megalopolis. Refers to Menalcidas and Diaeus and the funds from Oropus, a post-classical historical affair.
7.12.3 2 historical high ἐγεγόνει δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἀρχῆς διάδοχος τῆς Ἀχαιῶν ὁ Δίαιος· τότε δὲ ὑπὲρ τοῦ λήμματος προθυμούμενος ἔμελλε Μεναλκίδᾳ καὶ ἀκόντων Ἀχαιῶν σωτηρίαν παρέξειν. Now Diaeus had become his successor to leadership among the Achaeans, and being then eager for monetary gain, he intended to secure Menalcidas' safety even against the will of the Achaeans. Refers to Diaeus and Menalcidas in Achaean leadership, a Hellenistic historical context after 500 BC.
7.12.3 3 historical high Ἀχαιοὶ δὲ ἐπὶ μὲν τῇ ἀφέσει τοῦ Μεναλκίδα ἰδίᾳ τε ἕκαστος καὶ ἐν κοινῷ Δίαιον ἐποιοῦντο ἐν αἰτίᾳ· Δίαιος δὲ σφᾶς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐς αὐτὸν ἐγκλημάτων μετῆγεν ἐς πραγμάτων ἐλπίδα μειζόνων, προφάσει χρώμενος τοιᾷδε ἐς τὴν ἀπάτην. Accordingly, the Achaeans, individually as well as collectively, blamed Diaeus for permitting Menalcidas' acquittal; but Diaeus diverted their accusations against himself by enticing them towards the hope of greater matters, employing for their deceit a pretext such as follows. Describes political blame-shifting among the Achaeans and Diaeus, an event in later Greek history, not myth.
7.12.4 1 historical high Λακεδαιμόνιοι περὶ ἀμφισβητησίμου χώρας καταφεύγουσιν ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥωμαίων βουλήν· The Lacedaemonians appealed to the Roman Senate regarding a disputed territory. Refers to an appeal to the Roman Senate, a post-500 BC political/legal event.
7.12.4 2 historical high καταφεύγουσι δὲ αὐτοῖς προεῖπεν ἡ βουλὴ δικάζεσθαι τὰ ἄλλα πλὴν ψυχῆς ἐν συνεδρίῳ τῷ Ἀχαιῶν. But the Roman Senate had already previously instructed them to have their disputes judged by the Achaean assembly, in all issues except those involving capital punishment. Refers to the Roman Senate and Achaean assembly, a post-500 BC political/legal arrangement.
7.12.4 3 historical high ἡ μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἀπεκρίνατο· Δίαιος δὲ οὐ τὸν ὄντα ἔλεγεν Ἀχαιοῖς λόγον, ψυχαγωγῶν δὲ αὐτοὺς ἔφασκε παρὰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων σφίσιν ἐφεῖσθαι βουλῆς καὶ θάνατον ἀνδρὸς καταγνῶναι τῶν ἐκ Σπάρτης. Such was the Senate's response; Diaeus, however, did not truthfully report this to the Achaeans, but deceiving them, he claimed that the Roman Senate had granted them authority even to pronounce a sentence of death against a man from Sparta. Refers to Diaeus, the Achaean League, and the Roman Senate in a historical political context after the classical mythic age.
7.12.5 1 historical high οἱ μὲν δὴ δικάζειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἠξίουν καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἑκάστου ψυχῆς, Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ οὔτε ἀληθῆ συνεχώρουν Δίαιον λέγειν καὶ ἀνάγειν ἤθελον ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥωμαίων βουλήν. The Achaeans demanded that judgment against the Spartans be carried out even upon each individual's person, but the Lacedaemonians neither admitted that Diaeus spoke the truth nor wished to bring the matter before the Roman Senate. Refers to Achaean and Spartan disputes and the Roman Senate, which are post-500 BC historical events.
7.12.5 2 historical high Ἀχαιοὶ δὲ ἀντελαμβάνοντο αὖθις ἄλλου λόγου, πόλεις ὅσαι τελοῦσιν ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς μηδεμίαν ἐφʼ ἑαυτῆς καθεστηκέναι κυρίαν ἄνευ τοῦ κοινοῦ τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν παρὰ Ῥωμαίους ἰδίᾳ πρεσβείαν ἀποστέλλειν. The Achaeans then took up another argument, that cities subject to the Achaean League possessed no independent right to send embassies privately to Rome without the League's common consent. Refers to the Achaean League's political relations with Rome, a post-500 BC historical matter.
7.12.6 1 historical high πόλεμός τε δὴ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀμφισβητημάτων τούτων Ἀχαιοῖς καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις ἤρχετο καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι συνιέντες οὐκ ἀξιόμαχοι πρὸς Ἀχαιοὺς εἶναι πρεσβείαις ἐχρῶντο πρὸς τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν καὶ ἰδίᾳ πρὸς τὸν Δίαιον λόγοις. Thus from these disputes war began between the Achaeans and the Lacedaemonians. Refers to war between the Achaeans and Lacedaemonians, a post-500 BC historical conflict.
7.12.6 2 historical high αἱ μὲν δὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ αἱ πόλεις ἐποιοῦντο τὰς ἀποκρίσεις, οὔ σφισιν ἔξοδον ἐπαγγέλλοντος στρατηγοῦ παρακούειν εἶναι νόμον· Δίαιος γὰρ ἦρχε τῶν Ἀχαιῶν καὶ ἔφασκεν οὐ τῇ Σπάρτῃ, τοῖς δὲ ταράσσουσιν αὐτὴν πολεμήσων ἀφίξεσθαι. Realizing they were not equal to the Achaeans in strength, the Lacedaemonians sent embassies both to their cities and privately to Diaeus himself. Refers to the Achaean leader Diaeus and diplomatic/military action in a late historical conflict, not myth.
7.12.7 1 historical high ἐρομένων δὲ τῶν γερόντων ὁπόσους ἡγοῖτο ἀδικεῖν, ἐσπέμπει σφίσι τεσσάρων ὀνόματα ἀνδρῶν καὶ εἴκοσι πρωτευόντων τὰ πάντα ἐν Σπάρτῃ. When the elders asked him how many individuals he thought guilty, he sent them the names of twenty-four men who held foremost authority in all Sparta. Refers to a political act involving named men in Sparta, a post-mythic historical event.
7.12.7 2 other high ἐνταῦθα Ἀγασισθένους ἐνίκησε γνώμη δοκίμου καὶ τὰ πρότερα ὄντος, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς παραινέσεως ταύτης προελθόντος καὶ ἐς πλέον δόξης· At this point, the counsel of Agasisthenes prevailed, a man already esteemed for his wisdom, but who advanced even further in reputation after this advice. Describes a person’s reputation and counsel, with no mythic or historical event.
7.12.7 3 historical high ὃς τοὺς ἄνδρας τούτους ἐκέλευσεν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος ἐθελοντὰς φεύγειν μηδὲ αὐτοῦ μένοντας ἐργάσασθαι τῇ Σπάρτῃ πόλεμον, He urged that these men depart voluntarily from Lacedaemon rather than remain and become the cause of war against Sparta. Refers to a political/military action involving Sparta and Lacedaemon, not myth or geography.
7.12.7 4 historical medium φυγόντας δὲ ἐς Ῥώμην καταχθήσεσθαι σφᾶς οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ἔφασκεν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων. He also predicted that if they fled to Rome, they would soon thereafter be brought back by the Romans. Refers to Romans and a prediction about being brought back by them, which places it in the historical sphere rather than mythic or descriptive.
7.12.8 1 historical high καὶ οἱ μὲν ἀπελθόντες ὑπήγοντο ὑπὸ Σπαρτιατῶν ἐς δικαστήριον τῷ λόγῳ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ἦσαν κατεγνωσμένοι· Those who had departed were led into court by the Spartans and condemned to death by law. Describes Spartans leading men to court and condemning them to death, a post-500 BC historical event.
7.12.8 2 historical high ἀπεστάλησαν δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν Καλλικράτης ἐς Ῥώμην καὶ Δίαιος τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἐκ Σπάρτης ἀντιδικήσοντες ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς. The Achaeans also sent Callicrates and Diaeus to Rome so that they might oppose before the Senate the Spartans who had fled. Refers to Achaean diplomacy to Rome involving named historical figures and the Senate, an event after 500 BC.
7.12.8 3 historical high καὶ αὐτῶν ὁ μὲν κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν Καλλικράτης τελευτᾷ νόσῳ, οὐδὲ οἶδα εἰ ἀφικόμενος ἐς Ῥώμην ὠφέλησεν ἄν τι Ἀχαιοὺς ἢ κακῶν σφισιν ἐγένετο μειζόνων ἀρχή· On the journey Callicrates died of disease, nor do I know whether his arrival in Rome would have benefited the Achaeans, or would rather have been the beginning of even greater misfortunes. Refers to Callicrates and the Achaean affair in connection with Rome, a post-500 BC historical context.
7.12.8 4 historical high Δίαιος δὲ ἐς ἀντιλογίαν Μεναλκίδᾳ καταστὰς ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς πολλὰ μὲν εἶπε, τὰ δὲ ἤκουσεν οὐ σὺν κόσμῳ. Diaeus, however, in his debate with Menalcidas before the Senate, spoke at length, but what he heard in response was not favorable. Accounts of Diaeus and Menalcidas before the Senate are a post-500 BC political event.
7.12.9 1 historical high καί σφισιν ἀπεκρίνατο ἡ βουλὴ ἀποστέλλειν πρέσβεις, οἳ κρινοῦσιν ὅσα Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς διάφορα ἦν ἐς ἀλλήλους. And the Senate answered them that it would send envoys to arbitrate all the matters of dispute between the Lacedaemonians and the Achaeans. Refers to the Senate sending envoys to arbitrate a dispute between Lacedaemonians and Achaeans, a post-classical political event.
7.12.9 2 historical high καὶ τοῖς ἐκ Ῥώμης πρέσβεσι σχολαιτέρα πως ἐγίνετο ἡ ὁδός, ὥστε ἐξαπατᾶν ὑπῆρχεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς Διαίῳ τε Ἀχαιοὺς καὶ Μεναλκίδᾳ Λακεδαιμονίους· But the journey of the ambassadors from Rome was somewhat delayed, so that Diaeus from the very beginning deceived the Achaeans, and Menalcidas the Lacedaemonians. Refers to Roman ambassadors and named historical figures Diaeus and Menalcidas in a political-historical context.
7.12.9 3 historical high τοὺς μὲν δὴ παρῆγεν ὁ Δίαιος ὡς τὰ πάντα ἕπεσθαι Λακεδαιμόνιοί σφισιν ὑπὸ τῆς Ῥωμαίων βουλῆς εἰσιν ἐγνωσμένοι, Λακεδαιμονίους δὲ ὁ Μεναλκίδας ἠπάτα παντελῶς τοῦ συνεδρεύειν ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοὺς ἀπηλλάχθαι. Diaeus led the Achaeans to believe that the Roman Senate had already decided entirely in their favor against the Lacedaemonians, while Menalcidas utterly deceived the Lacedaemonians by saying that the Romans had freed them completely from political union with the Achaeans. Refers to political deception involving the Roman Senate and Achaean/Lacedaemonian affairs, a post-500 BC historical context.