Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 8.3

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
8.3.1 1 mythic medium τρίτῃ δὲ ὕστερον γενεᾷ μετὰ Πελασγὸν ἔς τε πόλεων καὶ ἐς ἀνθρώπων πλῆθος ἐπέδωκεν ἡ χώρα. In the third generation after Pelasgos, the country increased greatly, both in the number of cities and in population. References Pelasgos and the growth of the land in a legendary genealogical framework.
8.3.1 2 mythic high Νύκτιμος μὲν γὰρ πρεσβύτατός τε ἦν καὶ εἶχε τὸ πᾶν κράτος· οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι παῖδες τοῦ Λυκάονος πόλεις ἐνταῦθα ἔκτιζον ἔνθα ἑκάστῳ μάλιστα ἦν κατὰ γνώμην. Nyctimus was the eldest and held supreme power, while the other sons of Lycaon established cities, each according to his own inclination. Lycaon and his sons are mythic figures, and the city-founding is presented as part of mythic genealogy.
8.3.1 3 mythic high Πάλλας μὲν καὶ Ὀρεσθεὺς καὶ Φίγαλος Παλλάντιον, Ὀρεσθεὺς δὲ Ὀρεσθάσιον, Φιγαλίαν δὲ οἰκίζει Φίγαλος. Pallas, Orestheus, and Phigalos founded Pallantium; Orestheus established Oresthasion; and Phigalos founded Phigaleia. Founding by Pallas, Orestheus, and Phigalos is legendary, mythic aetion for place origins.
8.3.2 1 other high Παλλαντίου μὲν δὴ καὶ Στησίχορος ὁ Ἱμεραῖος ἐν Γηρυονηίδι ἐποιήσατο μνήμην· Indeed, even Stesichorus of Himera makes mention of Pallantium in his "Geryoneïs." A literary reference to Stesichorus mentioning Pallantium; antiquarian and non-event material.
8.3.2 2 mythic high Φιγαλία δὲ καὶ Ὀρεσθάσιον ἐν χρόνῳ μεταβάλλουσι τὰ ὀνόματα, Ὀρέστειόν τε ἀπὸ Ὀρέστου κληθεῖσα τοῦ Ἀγαμέμνονος καὶ Φιαλία ἀπὸ τοῦ Βουκολίωνος παιδὸς Φιάλου. Phigalia and Oresthasion, however, changed their names over time; the first called Oresteion after Orestes, son of Agamemnon, and Phialia after Phialus, son of Bucolion. The sentence explains place-name changes derived from mythic figures Orestes and Phialus.
8.3.2 3 mythic high Τραπεζεὺς δὲ καὶ Δασεάτας καὶ Μακαρεὺς καὶ Ἑλισσὼν καὶ Ἄκακός τε καὶ Θῶκνος Θωκνίαν πόλιν, ὁ δὲ Ἀκακήσιον ἔκτισεν· Trapezeus, Daseatas, Macareus, Helisson, Akakos and Thoknos also founded cities: Thoknos founded Thoknia, and Akakos founded Akakesion. This is a mythical genealogy/foundation story: named figures found cities, which is presented as mythic landscape origin.
8.3.2 4 other high ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ Ἀκάκου καὶ Ὅμηρος λόγῳ τῷ Ἀρκάδων ἐς Ἑρμῆν ἐποίησεν ἐπίκλησιν· It is from this same Akakos that Homer, following the Arcadian tradition, derived an epithet for Hermes. Antiquarian literary remark about Homeric epithet and Arcadian tradition, not an event.
8.3.3 1 mythic high ἀπὸ δὲ Ἑλισσόντος ἥ τε πόλις καὶ ὁ ποταμὸς Ἑλισσὼν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐσχήκασιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Μακαρία τε καὶ Δασέα καὶ Τραπεζοῦς ἀπὸ τῶν Λυκάονος ἐκλήθησαν καὶ αὗται παίδων. Both the city and the river Elisson have received their names from Elisson; similarly, Makaria, Dasea, and Trapezus were also named after the sons of Lycaon. Place-names are explained as deriving from Lycaon’s sons, a mythic etiological account.
8.3.3 2 mythic high Ὀρχομενὸς δὲ ἐγένετο οἰκιστὴς Μεθυδρίου τε καλουμένης καὶ Ὀρχομενίων, οὓς ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι πολυμήλους ὠνόμασεν Ὅμηρος. Orchomenus was the founder of both Methydrium and the city called Orchomenus, whose inhabitants Homer in his verses referred to as "rich in sheep." Explains a city-founder figure from mythic genealogy and Homeric epithet, not a post-500 BC historical event.
8.3.3 3 other high ὑπὸ δὲ Ὑψοῦντος καὶ Μελαινεαί τε ἐκτίσθησαν καὶ Ὑψοῦς, ἔτι δὲ Θυραῖόν τε καὶ Αἱμονιαί· By Hypsus were founded both Melaneae and Hypsus itself, as well as Thyraeum and Haemoniae. A settlement-foundation genealogy and place-name origin note, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
8.3.3 4 other high δόξῃ δὲ τῇ Ἀρκάδων καὶ ἡ Θυρέα ἡ ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι γῇ καὶ ὁ Θυρεάτης καλούμενος κόλπος ἀπὸ τοῦ Θυραίου τούτου τὰ ὀνόματα ἐσχήκασι. According to Arcadian tradition, Thyrea in Argolis and the so-called Thyreatic Gulf derived their names from this Thyraeum. Explains the naming of places from a local tradition; geographical/antiquarian etymology, not a mythic or historical event.
8.3.4 1 mythic high Μαντινεὺς δὲ καὶ Τεγεάτης καὶ Μαίναλος, ὁ μὲν τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ πόλεων ὀνομαστοτάτην τὸ ἀρχαῖον Μαίναλον, Τεγεάτης δὲ καὶ Μαντινεὺς Τεγέαν κτίζουσι καὶ Μαντίνειαν. Mantineus and Tegeates and Maenalus—Maenalus, in fact, established the city Maenalus, anciently the most renowned of the cities in Arcadia, while Tegeates and Mantineus founded Tegea and Mantinea respectively. Founding by eponymous ancestors is a mythic/legendary city-origin account.
8.3.4 2 other high ὠνομάσθησαν δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ Κρώμου Κρῶμοι, καὶ Χαρισία Χαρίσιον ἔχουσα οἰκιστήν, Τρικόλωνοι δὲ ἀπὸ Τρικολώνου, καὶ ἀπὸ μὲν Περαίθου Περαιθεῖς, Ἀσέα δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀσεάτα καὶ ἀπὸ Λυκέως Λυκόα καὶ Σουματία ἀπὸ Σουματέως· They were also named Kromoi from Cromus, and Charisia after its founder Charisios; Trikolonoi after Trikolon; Peraithoi after Peraithos; Asea from Aseatas; Lykoa from Lykeus; and Soumatia from Soumateus. Antiquarian place-name etymologies and settlement names; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
8.3.4 3 other high Ἀλίφηρος δὲ καὶ Ἡραιεὺς ἐπώνυμοι καὶ οὗτοι πόλεσίν εἰσιν ἀμφότεροι. Alipherus and Heraieus are likewise eponymous founders, each giving their names to their respective cities, Alipheira and Heraia. Etymological/antiquarian note identifying eponymous founders of cities, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
8.3.5 1 mythic high Οἴνωτρος δὲ ὁ τῶν παίδων νεώτατος Λυκάονι ἀρσένων Νύκτιμον τὸν ἀδελφὸν χρήματα καὶ ἄνδρας αἰτήσας ἐπεραιώθη ναυσὶν ἐς Ἰταλίαν, καὶ ἡ Οἰνωτρία χώρα τὸ ὄνομα ἔσχεν ἀπὸ Οἰνώτρου βασιλεύοντος. Oenotrus, the youngest of the sons of Lycaon, requested money and men from his brother Nyctimus, and then sailed across by ships to Italy; from its king Oenotrus, the region of Oenotria received its name. Oenotrus is a mythic ancestor figure, and the naming of Oenotria is attributed to him.
8.3.5 2 historical medium οὗτος ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐς ἀποικίαν στόλος πρῶτος ἐστάλη· ἀναριθμουμένῳ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον οὐδὲ ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων οὐδένες πρότερον ἢ Οἴνωτρος ἀφίκοντο ἐς τὴν ἀλλοδαπήν. This was the first colony dispatched from Greece. Refers to the first Greek colony being dispatched, a historical/colonization claim rather than myth or mere description.
8.3.6 1 mythic high ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ γένει παντὶ τῷ ἄρσενι θυγάτηρ Λυκάονι ἐγένετο Καλλιστώ. Within the entirety of Lycaon's male offspring, there was born to him a daughter named Callisto. Callisto is a mythic genealogical figure, and the sentence states her birth within Lycaon's family.
8.3.6 2 mythic high ταύτῃ τῇ Καλλιστοῖ---λέγω δὲ τὰ λεγόμενα ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων---συνεγένετο ἐρασθεὶς Ζεύς· To this Callisto—as I am repeating the story that the Greeks tell—Zeus became passionately attracted and lay with her. Zeus and Callisto is a mythic episode involving a god and a mortal.
8.3.6 3 mythic high Ἥρα δὲ ὡς ἐφώρασεν, ἐποίησεν ἄρκτον τὴν Καλλιστώ, Ἄρτεμις δὲ ἐς χάριν τῆς Ἥρας κατετόξευσεν αὐτήν. When Hera perceived this, she transformed Callisto into a bear; Artemis, wishing to please Hera, shot her down with arrows. Callisto’s transformation by Hera and Artemis’s shooting are mythic events.
8.3.6 4 mythic high καὶ ὁ Ζεὺς Ἑρμῆν πέμπει σῶσαι τὸν παῖδά οἱ προστάξας, ὃν ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ εἶχεν ἡ Καλλιστώ· Zeus dispatched Hermes with orders to save the child whom Callisto was carrying in her womb. Zeus, Hermes, Callisto, and the unborn child belong to a mythic narrative.
8.3.7 1 mythic high Καλλιστὼ δὲ αὐτὴν ἐποίησεν ἀστέρας καλουμένην ἄρκτον μεγάλην, ἧς καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν Ὀδυσσέως ἀνάπλῳ παρὰ Καλυψοῦς μνήμην ἔσχε· And he turned Callisto herself into the stars called the Great Bear, which Homer mentions in the voyage of Odysseus departing from Calypso: Callisto is transformed into the Great Bear, a mythic metamorphosis affecting the stars.
8.3.7 2 other high Πληιάδας τʼ ἐσορῶντα καὶ ὀψὲ δύοντα Βοώτην ἄρκτον θʼ, ἣν καὶ ἅμαξαν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν. Hom. Od. 5.272 "Gazing upon the Pleiades and late-setting Boötes, And the Bear, which they also call by the name Wagon." (Homer, Odyssey 5.272) Astronomical description and naming of constellations; no mythic event or historical event.
8.3.7 3 mythic high ἔχοιεν δʼ ἂν καὶ ἄλλως τὸ ὄνομα οἱ ἀστέρες ἐπὶ τιμῇ τῇ Καλλιστοῦς, ἐπεὶ τάφον γε αὐτῆς ἀποφαίνουσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες. Indeed, the stars might otherwise have received their name in honor of Callisto, since the Arcadians point out her tomb. Callisto is a mythic figure, and the tomb is presented as a landscape trace of that myth.