Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 8.31

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
8.31.1 1 other high τὸ δὲ ἕτερον πέρας τῆς στοᾶς παρέχεται τὸ πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμῶν περίβολον θεῶν ἱερὸν τῶν Μεγάλων. At the other end of the colonnade, towards the west, is an enclosure sacred to the Great Goddesses. A topographical description of the sanctuary's location, not an event or mythic/historical occurrence.
8.31.1 2 other high αἱ δέ εἰσιν αἱ Μεγάλαι θεαὶ Δημήτηρ καὶ Κόρη, καθότι ἐδήλωσα ἤδη καὶ ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ συγγραφῇ· τὴν Κόρην δὲ Σώτειραν καλοῦσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες. Now, these Great Goddesses are Demeter and the Maiden, as I have previously mentioned in my account of Messenia; however, the Arcadians call the Maiden "Saviour." Identifies the deities and local cult name; classificatory/religious reference rather than an event.
8.31.1 3 other high ἐπειργασμένοι δὲ ἐπὶ τύπων πρὸ τῆς ἐσόδου τῇ μὲν Ἄρτεμις, τῇ δὲ Ἀσκληπιός ἐστι καὶ Ὑγεία. In relief sculptures in front of the entrance, Artemis is depicted on one side, and on the other side are Asclepius and Hygieia. A descriptive note about relief sculptures depicting deities in a sanctuary; not a mythic event or historical event.
8.31.2 1 other high θεαὶ δὲ αἱ Μεγάλαι Δημήτηρ μὲν λίθου διὰ πάσης, ἡ δὲ Σώτειρα τὰ ἐσθῆτος ἐχόμενα ξύλου πεποίηται· The Great Goddesses are depicted thus: Demeter is carved entirely of stone, but the Saviour Goddess has garments made of wood. Purely descriptive notice about the cult statues’ materials and appearance; no mythic or historical event.
8.31.2 2 other high μέγεθος δὲ ἑκατέρας πέντε που καὶ δέκα εἰσὶ πόδες. In height each of them measures about fifteen feet. Purely descriptive measurement of size; no mythic or historical event.
8.31.2 3 other high τά τε ἀγάλματα Δαμοφῶν καὶ πρὸ αὐτῶν κόρας ἐποίησεν οὐ μεγάλας, ἐν χιτῶσί τε καθήκουσιν ἐς σφυρὰ καὶ ἀνθῶν ἀνάπλεων ἑκατέρα τάλαρον ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ φέρει· Damophon made these statues, and also placed before them smaller figures of maidens, not large, clothed in tunics reaching to their ankles; each maiden carries upon her head a basket full of flowers. Describes statues and their appearance by Damophon; antiquarian/artistic description, not mythic or historical event.
8.31.2 4 mythic medium εἶναι δὲ θυγατέρες τοῦ Δαμοφῶντος λέγονται, τοῖς δὲ ἐπανάγουσιν ἐς τὸ θειότερον δοκεῖ σφᾶς Ἀθηνᾶν τε εἶναι καὶ Ἄρτεμιν τὰ ἄνθη μετὰ τῆς Περσεφόνης συλλεγούσας. It is said these maidens are daughters of Damophon himself, but for those who interpret the figures in a more divine sense, the maidens are thought to represent Athena and Artemis gathering flowers along with Persephone. Identifies the figures as Athena, Artemis, and Persephone, invoking a mythic scene of flower-gathering.
8.31.3 1 other high ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἡρακλῆς παρὰ τῇ Δήμητρι μέγεθος μάλιστα πῆχυν· Beside Demeter is a statue of Heracles, about a cubit tall. Describes a statue and its size beside Demeter; purely descriptive/antiquarian, not an event.
8.31.3 2 mythic high τοῦτον τὸν Ἡρακλέα εἶναι τῶν Ἰδαίων καλουμένων Δακτύλων Ὀνομάκριτός φησιν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι. Onomacritus asserts in his verses that this Heracles is one of those called the Idaean Dactyls. Identifies Heracles with the Idaean Dactyls, a mythic figure-group and mythic tradition.
8.31.3 3 other high κεῖται δὲ τράπεζα ἔμπροσθεν, ἐπειργασμέναι τε ἐπʼ αὐτῇ δύο τέ εἰσιν Ὧραι καὶ ἔχων Πὰν σύριγγα καὶ Ἀπόλλων κιθαρίζων· In front stands a table, on which are sculpted two Horae, Pan with pipes, and Apollo playing the lyre. A descriptive inventory of sculpted figures on a table; no event is narrated.
8.31.3 4 mythic high ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς εἶναι σφᾶς θεῶν τῶν πρώτων. There is also an inscription upon them, stating that they belong to the earliest of the gods. The inscription identifies the objects as belonging to the earliest gods, which is mythic/religious material.
8.31.4 1 mythic high πεποίηνται δὲ ἐπὶ τραπέζῃ καὶ Νύμφαι· Νέδα μὲν Δία φέρουσά ἐστι νήπιον παῖδα, Ἀνθρακία δὲ νύμφη τῶν Ἀρκαδικῶν καὶ αὕτη δᾷδα ἔχουσά ἐστιν, Ἁγνὼ δὲ τῇ μὲν ὑδρίαν, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ χειρὶ φιάλην· Ἀγχιρόης δὲ καὶ Μυρτωέσσης εἰσὶν ὑδρίαι τὰ φορήματα, καὶ ὕδωρ δῆθεν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν κάτεισιν. On the table are also represented Nymphs: Neda is carrying the infant Zeus; Anthrakia, an Arcadian nymph as well, is holding a torch; Hagno holds an urn in one hand and in the other a drinking-cup; Anchiroë and Myrtoessa are bearing water-jars, and apparently water flows down from them. Depicts Neda carrying the infant Zeus, a mythic scene and divine figures on the table.
8.31.4 2 other high τοῦ περιβόλου δέ ἐστιν ἐντὸς Φιλίου Διὸς ναός, Within the enclosure is a temple of Zeus Philios. A temple’s location within an enclosure is descriptive/topographical, not a mythic or historical event.
8.31.4 3 other high Πολυκλείτου μὲν τοῦ Ἀργείου τὸ ἄγαλμα, Διονύσῳ δὲ ἐμφερές· κόθορνοί τε γὰρ τὰ ὑποδήματά ἐστιν αὐτῷ καὶ ἔχει τῇ χειρὶ ἔκπωμα, τῇ δὲ ἑτέρᾳ θύρσον, κάθηται δὲ ἀετὸς ἐπὶ τῷ θύρσῳ· The statue was made by Polycleitus of Argos, and resembles Dionysus: for it wears buskins, holds a cup in one hand and a thyrsus in the other, and an eagle is perched upon the thyrsus. Describes a statue's appearance and iconography, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
8.31.4 4 mythic medium καίτοι τοῖς γε ἐς Διόνυσον λεγομένοις τοῦτο οὐχ ὁμολογοῦν ἐστι. Yet this is not consistent with the established traditions related to Dionysus. Refers to traditions about Dionysus, a mythic figure; the sentence comments on mythic tradition rather than historical events.
8.31.5 1 other high τούτου δὲ ὄπισθεν τοῦ ναοῦ δένδρων ἐστὶν ἄλσος οὐ μέγα, θριγκῷ περιεχόμενον· Behind this temple is a grove of trees, not large, enclosed by a wall. Purely topographical description of a grove behind the temple; no mythic or historical event.
8.31.5 2 other high ἐς μὲν δὴ τὸ ἐντὸς ἔσοδος οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνθρώποις, πρὸ δὲ αὐτοῦ Δήμητρος καὶ Κόρης ὅσον τε ποδῶν τριῶν εἰσιν ἀγάλματα. There is no entrance allowed to humans into the inner part, but in front of it stand statues of Demeter and Kore, each about three feet tall. Describes temple access and cult statues; purely descriptive/geographical, not an event.
8.31.5 3 other high ἔστι δὲ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ἱερόν. Within the enclosure there is also a sanctuary of the Great Gods and of Aphrodite. Purely descriptive statement about a sanctuary’s location within an enclosure; no mythic or historical event.
8.31.5 4 other high πρὸ μὲν δὴ τῆς ἐσόδου ξόανά ἐστιν ἀρχαῖα, Ἥρα καὶ Ἀπόλλων τε καὶ Μοῦσαι---ταῦτα κομισθῆναί φασιν ἐκ Τραπεζοῦντος---. Before the entrance stand ancient wooden figures, representing Hera, Apollo, and the Muses—these, they say, were brought from Trapezus. Describes temple objects and their reported provenance, an antiquarian/relational detail rather than a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
8.31.5 5 other high ἀγάλματα δὲ ἐν τῷ ναῷ Δαμοφῶν. The statues within the temple itself were made by Damophon. Describes temple statues and their maker; this is antiquarian/descriptive material, not a mythic or historical event.
8.31.6 1 other high ἐποίησεν Ἑρμῆν ξύλου καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ξόανον· καὶ ταύτης χεῖρές εἰσι λίθου καὶ πρόσωπόν τε καὶ ἄκροι πόδες. He made a wooden figure of Hermes, and also a carved image of Aphrodite; her hands, face, and the tips of her feet are of stone. Describes cult images and their materials, a descriptive antiquarian detail rather than a mythic or historical event.
8.31.6 2 mythic high τὴν δὲ ἐπίκλησιν τῇ θεῷ Μαχανῖτιν ὀρθότατα ἔθεντο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν· Ἀφροδίτης τε γὰρ ἕνεκα καὶ ἔργων τῶν ταύτης πλεῖσται μὲν ἐπιτεχνήσεις, παντοῖα δὲ ἀνθρώποις ἀνευρημένα ἐς λόγους ἐστίν. And their surname for the goddess, "Machanitis" ("Deviser"), seems to me exceedingly appropriate; for it is because of Aphrodite and her deeds that most contrivances have been devised, and these contrivances discovered by humankind are of every kind imaginable. Explains Aphrodite’s divine power and its effects; mythic/divine causation rather than historical or merely descriptive.
8.31.7 1 other high ἑστήκασι δὲ καὶ ἀνδριάντες ἐν οἰκήματι, Καλλιγνώτου τε καὶ Μέντα καὶ Σωσιγένους τε καὶ Πώλου· There also stand statues inside a building of Callignotus, Mentas, Sosigenes, and Polus. Descriptive notice of statues in a building; no mythic or historical event.
8.31.7 2 mythic medium καταστήσασθαι δὲ οὗτοι Μεγαλοπολίταις λέγονται πρῶτον τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν τὴν τελετήν, καὶ τὰ δρώμενα τῶν Ἐλευσῖνί ἐστι μιμήματα. These men are said to have first established among the Megalopolitans the rites of the Great Goddesses; the ceremonies performed are imitations of those at Eleusis. Refers to rites of the Great Goddesses and Eleusinian imitations, i.e. cultic material tied to mythic tradition.
8.31.7 3 other high κεῖται δὲ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου θεῶν τοσάδε ἄλλων ἀγάλματα τὸ τετράγωνον παρεχόμενα σχῆμα, Ἑρμῆς τε ἐπίκλησιν Ἀγήτωρ καὶ Ἀπόλλων καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ τε καὶ Ποσειδῶν, ἔτι δὲ Ἥλιος ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχων Σωτὴρ δὲ εἶναι καὶ Ἡρακλῆς. Within the precinct there are also statues of other divinities arranged in a square: Hermes called Agetor ("Leader"), Apollo, Athena, Poseidon, Helios bearing the surname Soter ("Savior"), and Heracles as well. A descriptive inventory of statues in a precinct, not an event or mythic/historical narrative.
8.31.7 4 other high ᾠκοδόμηται δὲ καὶ ἱερόν σφισι μεγέθει μέγα, καὶ ἄγουσιν ἐνταῦθα τὴν τελετὴν ταῖς θεαῖς. A sanctuary of great size has also been constructed for them, and there they celebrate the sacred ceremonies in honor of the goddesses. Describes a sanctuary and ritual practice, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than a specific mythic or historical event.
8.31.8 1 other high τοῦ ναοῦ δὲ τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν ἐστιν ἱερὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ καὶ Κόρης· λίθου δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμα ποδῶν ὀκτὼ μάλιστα· To the right of the temple of the Great Gods there is a sanctuary of Kore, and her statue, made of stone, is approximately eight feet high. Purely topographical/descriptive notice of a sanctuary and statue location and size.
8.31.8 2 other high ταινίαι δὲ ἐπέχουσι διὰ παντὸς τὸ βάθρον. Ribbons constantly encircle its pedestal. Describes a present physical feature of the pedestal, not a mythic or historical event.
8.31.8 3 other high ἐς τοῦτο τὸ ἱερὸν γυναιξὶ μὲν τὸν πάντα ἐστὶν ἔσοδος χρόνον, οἱ δὲ ἄνδρες οὐ πλέον ἢ ἅπαξ κατὰ ἔτος ἕκαστον ἐς αὐτὸ ἐσίασι. Women have perpetual access to this sanctuary, but men may enter it only once each year. Describes ritual access rules for a sanctuary, a geographical/religious custom rather than a mythic or historical event.
8.31.8 4 other high γυμνάσιον δὲ τῇ ἀγορᾷ συνεχὲς κατὰ ἡλίου δυσμάς ἐστιν ᾠκοδομημένον. Adjoining the marketplace on the west is a gymnasium. Purely topographical description of the gymnasium's location relative to the marketplace.
8.31.9 1 other high τῆς στοᾶς δὲ ἣν ἀπὸ τοῦ Μακεδόνος Φιλίππου καλοῦσι, ταύτης εἰσὶ δύο ὄπισθεν λόφοι, οὐκ ἐς ὕψος ἀνήκοντες· Behind the colonnade called after Philip of Macedon are two hills, neither of considerable height. Purely topographical description of hills behind a colonnade; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
8.31.9 2 other high ἐρείπια δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱεροῦ Πολιάδος ἐπὶ αὐτῷ, καὶ τῷ ἑτέρῳ ναός ἐστιν Ἥρας Τελείας, ὁμοίως καὶ ταῦτα ἐρείπια. On one of these stand the ruins of a sanctuary of Athena Polias, and upon the other hill is a temple of Hera Teleia—this too now lies in ruins. Purely descriptive notice of temple ruins and location; no mythic or historical event is described.
8.31.9 3 other high ὑπὸ τούτῳ τῷ λόφῳ Βάθυλλος καλουμένη πηγὴ συντελεῖ καὶ αὕτη τῷ ποταμῷ Ἑλισσόντι ἐς μέγεθος. Beneath this second hill is a spring called Bathyllos, which also contributes significantly to the size of the river Helisson. Purely geographical description of a spring and river; no mythic or historical event.