Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 9.31

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
9.31.1 1 historical high καὶ Ἀρσινόης ἐστὶν ἐν Ἑλικῶνι εἰκών, ἣν Πτολεμαῖος ἔγημεν ἀδελφὸς ὤν. On Helicon there is also a statue of Arsinoe, whom her brother Ptolemy married. Refers to Ptolemy and Arsinoe, a post-Classical dynastic/historical figure and statue.
9.31.1 2 other high τὴν δὲ Ἀρσινόην στρουθὸς φέρει χαλκῆ τῶν ἀπτήνων· πτερὰ μέν γε καὶ αὗται κατὰ ταὐτὰ ταῖς ἄλλαις φύουσιν, ὑπὸ δὲ βάρους καὶ διὰ μέγεθος οὐχ οἷά τέ ἐστιν ἀνέχειν σφᾶς ἐς τὸν ἀέρα τὰ πτερά. Arsinoe is carried by an ostrich, a bronze figure of a winged bird; although these birds also produce feathers similar to other birds, owing to their weight and size, they are unable to lift themselves into the air by means of their feathers. Descriptive note about a bronze statue and ostrich features; no mythic or historical event.
9.31.2 1 mythic high ἐνταῦθα καὶ Τηλέφῳ τῷ Ἡρακλέους γάλα ἐστὶν ἔλαφος παιδὶ μικρῷ διδοῦσα καὶ βοῦς τε παρʼ αὐτὸν καὶ ἄγαλμα Πριάπου θέας ἄξιον. Here also is represented Telephus, the son of Heracles, with a deer giving milk to the infant child; near at hand are an ox and an image of Priapus, worthy of note. Telephus is a mythic figure and the sentence describes his mythic representation.
9.31.2 2 other high τούτῳ τιμαὶ τῷ θεῷ δέδονται μὲν καὶ ἄλλως, ἔνθα εἰσὶν αἰγῶν νομαὶ καὶ προβάτων ἢ καὶ ἑσμοὶ μελισσῶν· This god receives honor elsewhere also, wherever there are pastures of goats or sheep, or even swarms of bees. General descriptive notice about a god receiving honor where livestock and bees are found; no specific mythic or historical event.
9.31.2 3 mythic high Λαμψακηνοὶ δὲ ἐς πλέον ἢ θεοὺς τοὺς ἄλλους νομίζουσι, Διονύσου τε αὐτὸν παῖδα εἶναι καὶ Ἀφροδίτης λέγοντες. But the people of Lampsacus honor him above other gods, saying that he is the son of Dionysus and Aphrodite. The sentence reports a divine genealogy for a god figure, which is mythic material.
9.31.3 1 other high ἐν δὲ τῷ Ἑλικῶνι καὶ ἄλλοι τρίποδες κεῖνται καὶ ἀρχαιότατος, ὃν ἐν Χαλκίδι λαβεῖν τῇ ἐπʼ Εὐρίπῳ λέγουσιν Ἡσίοδον νικήσαντα ᾠδῇ. On Helicon there are other tripods, including a very ancient one, which they say Hesiod once received at Chalcis upon the Euripus, having won victory in a poetic contest. Describes an antiquarian object on Helicon and a traditional report about Hesiod, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
9.31.3 2 other high περιοικοῦσι δὲ καὶ ἄνδρες τὸ ἄλσος, καὶ ἑορτήν τε ἐνταῦθα οἱ Θεσπιεῖς καὶ ἀγῶνα ἄγουσι Μουσεῖα· Men dwell around the grove, and there the Thespians hold a festival and perform the contest called the Museia. Describes local habitation and a festival/contest at a grove; this is antiquarian and descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
9.31.3 3 other high ἄγουσι δὲ καὶ τῷ Ἔρωτι, ἆθλα οὐ μουσικῆς μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀθληταῖς τιθέντες. They also hold a competition in honor of Eros, offering prizes not merely for music but also for athletic events. Describes a local competition and its prizes; antiquarian/cultural detail, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
9.31.3 4 mythic high ἐπαναβάντι δὲ στάδια ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄλσους τούτου ὡς εἴκοσιν ἔστιν ἡ τοῦ Ἵππου καλουμένη κρήνη· ταύτην τὸν Βελλεροφόντου ποιῆσαί φασιν ἵππον ἐπιψαύσαντα ὁπλῇ τῆς γῆς. At a distance of about twenty stades above this grove is the spring called Hippocrene ("Horse's Fountain"); they say that this was produced by the horse of Bellerophon, which created it by striking its hoof against the ground. Hippocrene is created by Bellerophon’s horse striking the ground, a mythic aetiology affecting the spring.
9.31.4 1 other high Βοιωτῶν δὲ οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἑλικῶνα οἰκοῦντες παρειλημμένα δόξῃ λέγουσιν ὡς ἄλλο Ἡσίοδος ποιήσειεν οὐδὲν ἢ τὰ Ἔργα· καὶ τούτων δὲ τὸ ἐς τὰς Μούσας ἀφαιροῦσι προοίμιον, ἀρχὴν τῆς ποιήσεως εἶναι τὸ ἐς τὰς Ἔριδας λέγοντες· But the Boeotians dwelling around Helicon, following a widely held opinion among them, say that Hesiod composed no work other than the Works; moreover, from this poem itself they remove the proem addressed to the Muses, asserting that its true beginning is the part concerning the Strifes. Antiquarian literary tradition about Hesiod and his poem; not a mythic event or historical event.
9.31.4 2 other high καί μοι μόλυβδον ἐδείκνυσαν, ἔνθα ἡ πηγή, τὰ πολλὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου λελυμασμένον· They also showed me a lead tablet at the spring, seriously damaged by age. Describes an object at a spring and its condition; purely descriptive/antiquarian.
9.31.5 1 other high ἐγγέγραπται δὲ αὐτῷ τὰ Ἔργα. Inscribed upon it are the Works of Hesiod. Describes an inscription on an object; this is descriptive/antiquarian, not a mythic or historical event.
9.31.5 2 mythic high ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἑτέρα κεχωρισμένη τῆς προτέρας, ὡς πολύν τινα ἐπῶν ὁ Ἡσίοδος ἀριθμὸν ποιήσειεν, ἐς γυναῖκάς τε ᾀδόμενα καὶ ἃς μεγάλας ἐπονομάζουσιν Ἠοίας, καὶ Θεογονίαν τε καὶ ἐς τὸν μάντιν Μελάμποδα, καὶ ὡς Θησεὺς ἐς τὸν Ἅιδην ὁμοῦ Πειρίθῳ καταβαίη παραινέσεις τε Χίρωνος ἐπὶ διδασκαλίᾳ δὴ τῇ Ἀχιλλέως, καὶ ὅσα ἐπὶ Ἔργοις τε καὶ Ἡμέραις. And there is another tradition separate from the first, that Hesiod composed a considerable number of verses, including those sung about women, called the Great Eoiae, and the Theogony, verses about the seer Melampus, concerning Theseus' descent into Hades alongside Peirithoüs, and the instructions of Chiron for the education of Achilles, as well as everything contained within the Works and Days. The sentence lists Hesiodic works and mythic subjects such as Theseus’ descent to Hades, Chiron’s instruction of Achilles, and Melampus.
9.31.5 3 mythic high οἱ δὲ αὐτοὶ οὗτοι λέγουσι καὶ ὡς μαντικὴν Ἡσίοδος διδαχθείη παρὰ Ἀκαρνάνων· The very same authorities also relate that Hesiod learned divination from the Acarnanians; Hesiod learning divination is a mythic/traditional biographical claim about a legendary figure.
9.31.5 4 other high καὶ ἔστιν ἔπη Μαντικά, ὁπόσα τε ἐπελεξάμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς, καὶ ἐξηγήσεις ἐπὶ τέρασιν. indeed, there exist prophetic verses attributed to him—many of which I myself have collected—along with explanations of prodigies. This is antiquarian/descriptive reference to prophetic verses and explanations of prodigies, not a narrated mythic or historical event.
9.31.6 1 mythic high ἐναντία δὲ καὶ ἐς τοῦ Ἡσιόδου τὴν τελευτήν ἐστιν εἰρημένα. There are conflicting accounts also concerning Hesiod's death. Hesiod's death belongs to the mythic tradition rather than historical or geographical description.
9.31.6 2 historical high ὅτι μὲν γὰρ οἱ παῖδες τοῦ Γανύκτορος Κτίμενος καὶ Ἄντιφος ἔφυγον ἐς Μολυκρίαν ἐκ Ναυπάκτου διὰ τοῦ Ἡσιόδου τὸν φόνον καὶ αὐτόθι ἀσεβήσασιν ἐς Ποσειδῶνα ἐγένετο τῇ Μολυκρίδι σφίσιν ἡ δίκη, All agree in stating that Ctimeneus and Antiphus—the sons of Ganyctor—fled from Naupactus to Molycria because of the murder of Hesiod, and there, having committed sacrilege against Poseidon, met their punishment at Molycria. Refers to the murder of Hesiod and subsequent punishment of the killers, a post-500 BC historical anecdote.
9.31.6 3 other high τάδε μὲν καὶ οἱ πάντες κατὰ ταὐτὰ εἰρήκασι· Regarding this, everyone has given the same version. General remark about shared testimony; no mythic or historical event.
9.31.6 4 mythic high τὴν δὲ ἀδελφὴν τῶν νεανίσκων οἱ μὲν ἄλλου τού φασιν αἰσχύναντος Ἡσίοδον λαβεῖν οὐκ ἀληθῆ τὴν τοῦ ἀδικήματος δόξαν, οἱ δὲ ἐκείνου γενέσθαι τὸ ἔργον. However, concerning the young men's sister, some say that Hesiod was unjustly accused due to another man's assault upon her, while others assert that the deed was indeed committed by Hesiod himself. Refers to Hesiod and an episode of alleged wrongdoing involving mythic/poetic figures rather than historical events.
9.31.6 5 other high τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς Ἡσίοδον καὶ αὐτὸν καὶ ἐς τὰ ἔπη διάφορα ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο εἴρηται· Such then are the manifold and contradictory accounts regarding Hesiod himself as well as his poetry. Antiquarian remark about conflicting accounts of Hesiod, not a mythic event or historical event.
9.31.7 1 other high ἐπὶ δὲ ἄκρᾳ τῇ κορυφῇ τοῦ Ἑλικῶνος ποταμὸς οὐ μέγας ἐστὶν ὁ Λάμος. On the very peak of Mount Helicon, the river Lamos flows, which is not large. Purely geographical description of Helicon and its river; no mythic or historical event.
9.31.7 2 other high Θεσπιέων δὲ ἐν τῇ γῇ ἡ Δονακών ἐστιν ὀνομαζόμενος· In the territory of Thespiae is a place called Donakon. Purely geographical description of a place in the territory of Thespiae.
9.31.7 3 mythic high ἐνταῦθά ἐστι Ναρκίσσου πηγή, Here is located the spring of Narcissus. Narcissus is a mythic figure, and the spring is identified by his name.
9.31.7 4 mythic high καὶ τὸν Νάρκισσον ἰδεῖν ἐς τοῦτο τὸ ὕδωρ φασίν, οὐ συνέντα δὲ ὅτι ἑώρα σκιὰν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ λαθεῖν τε αὐτὸν ἐρασθέντα αὑτοῦ καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ἐπὶ τῇ πηγῇ οἱ συμβῆναι τὴν τελευτήν. It is said that Narcissus gazed into this water, and not understanding that he saw merely his own reflection, he unwittingly fell in love with himself, and due to this passion he met his end at the spring. Narcissus is a mythic figure, and the sentence explains his death at the spring as a result of that myth.
9.31.7 5 other high τοῦτο μὲν δὴ παντάπασιν εὔηθες, ἡλικίας ἤδη τινὰ ἐς τοσοῦτο ἥκοντα ὡς ὑπὸ ἔρωτος ἁλίσκεσθαι μηδὲ ὁποῖόν τι ἄνθρωπος καὶ ὁποῖόν τι ἀνθρώπου σκιὰ διαγνῶναι· This entire account seems altogether foolish, that one should reach such an age at which love could affect a person, yet still be unable to distinguish between a human being and a mere human shadow. This is a skeptical, evaluative remark about a story, not a mythic or historical event.
9.31.8 1 mythic high ἔχει δὲ καὶ ἕτερος ἐς αὐτὸν λόγος, ἧσσον μὲν τοῦ προτέρου γνώριμος, λεγόμενος δὲ καὶ οὗτος, ἀδελφὴν γενέσθαι Ναρκίσσῳ δίδυμον, τά τε ἄλλα ἐς ἅπαν ὅμοιον τὸ εἶδος καὶ ἀμφοτέροις ὡσαύτως κόμην εἶναι καὶ ἐσθῆτα ἐοικυῖαν αὐτοὺς ἐνδύεσθαι There is also a different story about him, less widely known than the previous one but still told, that Narcissus had a twin sister who resembled him exactly in appearance and who wore her hair and clothing in the same way as he did. A variant myth about Narcissus and his twin sister.
9.31.8 2 other high καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ θήραν ἰέναι μετὰ ἀλλήλων· Indeed, they used to hunt together. Describes a customary activity (hunting together), not a mythic event or historical event.
9.31.8 3 mythic high Νάρκισσον δὲ ἐρασθῆναι τῆς ἀδελφῆς, καὶ ὡς ἀπέθανεν ἡ παῖς, φοιτῶντα ἐπὶ τὴν πηγὴν συνιέναι μὲν ὅτι τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σκιὰν ἑώρα, Narcissus came to love his sister, and when the girl died, he would visit the spring, aware that he was seeing his own reflection. Narcissus is a mythic figure and the sentence recounts a mythic episode explaining the spring.
9.31.8 4 other high εἶναι δέ οἱ καὶ συνιέντι ῥᾳστώνην τοῦ ἔρωτος ἅτε οὐχ ἑαυτοῦ σκιὰν δοξάζοντι ἀλλὰ εἰκόνα ὁρᾶν τῆς ἀδελφῆς. Yet despite this knowledge, he found relief for his passion by imagining that what he saw was not his own reflection but the image of his sister. Descriptive psychological explanation of the figure's perception; no mythic or historical event.
9.31.9 1 mythic medium νάρκισσον δὲ ἄνθος ἡ γῆ καὶ πρότερον ἔφυεν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, εἰ τοῖς Πάμφω τεκμαίρεσθαι χρή τι ἡμᾶς ἔπεσι· I believe that the narcissus flower grew from the earth even earlier; if we should draw conclusions from the verses of Pamphos. Refers to the narcissus in relation to Pamphos' verses, an allusion to mythic origins of the flower.
9.31.9 2 mythic high γεγονὼς γὰρ πολλοῖς πρότερον ἔτεσιν ἢ Νάρκισσος ὁ Θεσπιεὺς Κόρην τὴν Δήμητρός φησιν ἁρπασθῆναι παίζουσαν καὶ ἄνθη συλλέγουσαν, ἁρπασθῆναι δὲ οὐκ ἴοις ἀπατηθεῖσαν ἀλλὰ ναρκίσσοις. For he lived many years before Narcissus of Thespiae, and he says that the Daughter of Demeter, while she was playing and gathering flowers, was carried away—not deceived by violets, but by narcissi. Describes the abduction of Kore/Persephone, a mythic event.