Grammar parses for passage 2.2.3
Open translation for this passage
Κορινθίοις δὲ τοῖς ἐπινείοις τὰ ὀνόματα Λέχης καὶ Κεγχρίας ἔδοσαν, Ποσειδῶνος εἶναι καὶ Πειρήνης τῆς Ἀχελῴου λεγόμενοι·
Main clause with indirect statement in infinitive, and a participial supplement/causal circumstantial participle at the end.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κορινθίοις | Κορινθίος | ADJ | A---dpm- | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 10 ἔδοσαν | iobj | medium | Dative with ἔδοσαν; could also be taken as dative of recipient/interest. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 ἔδοσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---dm- | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 4 ἐπινείοις | det | high | Article modifying ἐπινείοις. |
| 4 | ἐπινείοις | ἐπίνειον | NOUN | n-p---dm- | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 Κορινθίοις | appos | medium | Likely apposition to Κορινθίοις, naming the harbors as the Corinthians' harbors. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---an- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 6 ὀνόματα | det | high | Article with ὀνόματα. |
| 6 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | n-p---an- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 10 ἔδοσαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔδοσαν. |
| 7 | Λέχης | Λέχαι | PROPN | Ne-s---fn- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 6 ὀνόματα | appos | medium | Name in apposition to ὀνόματα; form is morphologically uncertain. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 Λέχης | cc | high | Coordinates the two names. |
| 9 | Κεγχρίας | Κεγχρία | PROPN | Ne-s---fn- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 Λέχης | conj | high | Second name coordinated with Λέχης. |
| 10 | ἔδοσαν | δίδωμι | VERB | v3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔδοσαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Subject of infinitive εἶναι in indirect statement, though genitive subject is unusual here because of the construction with εἶναι. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | v--pna--- | VerbForm=Inf | 10 ἔδοσαν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in indirect discourse after ἔδοσαν. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 Ποσειδῶνος | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitives/names. |
| 15 | Πειρήνης | Πειρήνη | PROPN | Ne-s---fg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 12 Ποσειδῶνος | conj | high | Conjunct with Ποσειδῶνος. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 17 Ἀχελῴου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχελῴου. |
| 17 | Ἀχελῴου | Ἀχελῷος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 Πειρήνης | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of Πειρήνης; likely patronymic/possessive. |
| 18 | λεγόμενοι | λέγω | VERB | vpppmpm--- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἔδοσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of ἔδοσαν. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔδοσαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
πεποίηται δὲ ἐν Ἠοίαις μεγάλαις Οἰβάλου θυγατέρα εἶναι Πειρήνην.
Indirect statement after πεποίηται: Πειρήνην as accusative subject of εἶναι, with θυγατέρα as predicate accusative and Οἰβάλου as its genitive modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-Perf-Pe-Mid-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, likely main predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Ἠοίαις | case | high | Preposition governing the following dative. |
| 4 | Ἠοίαις | Ἠοία | PROPN | N-Dat-FP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 πεποίηται | obl | medium | Place-name in dative plural; likely object of ἐν. |
| 5 | μεγάλαις | μέγας | ADJ | A-Dat-FP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 Ἠοίαις | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Ἠοίαις. |
| 6 | Οἰβάλου | Οἴβαλος | PROPN | N-Gen-MS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of θυγατέρα. |
| 7 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-Acc-FS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject/predicate noun in indirect statement. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-Inf-Pres-Act | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 πεποίηται | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement with indirect statement force. |
| 9 | Πειρήνην | Πειρήνη | PROPN | N-Acc-FS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐν δὲ Κεγχρέαις Ἀφροδίτης τέ ἐστι ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ ἐρύματι τῷ διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης Ποσειδῶνος χαλκοῦν, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἕτερον πέρας τοῦ λιμένος Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ Ἴσιδος ἱερά.
Copular structure with three coordinated location-based description segments; the final clause is elliptical, with ἐστι understood.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Pp | _ | 3 Κεγχρέαις | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 6 ἐστι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | Κεγχρέαις | Κεγχραιαί | PROPN | N-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστι | obl | high | |
| 4 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ναὸς | nmod | high | Possessive/genitive with ναός. |
| 5 | τέ | τε | PART | G | _ | 7 ναὸς | discourse | high | |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | conj | high | |
| 10 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Material/genitive with ἄγαλμα. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 12 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | Pp | _ | 17 ἐρύματι | case | high | |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 17 ἐρύματι | discourse | high | |
| 14 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 17 ἐρύματι | obl | medium | Likely refers back to the sanctuary/statue just mentioned. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Pp | _ | 17 ἐρύματι | case | high | |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρύματι | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐρύματι | ἔρυμα | NOUN | N-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 αὐτὸν | nmod | high | Head of the locative phrase with ἐπί. |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρύματι | det | high | |
| 19 | διὰ | διά | ADP | Pp | _ | 17 ἐρύματι | case | high | |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 θαλάσσης | det | high | |
| 21 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρύματι | nmod | high | Genitive complement of διά. |
| 22 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 χαλκοῦν | nmod | high | Possessive/genitive with χαλκοῦν. |
| 23 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρύματι | amod | high | Likely predicative/appositional to the understood monument. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 25 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | Pp | _ | 29 πέρας | case | high | |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 29 πέρας | discourse | high | |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἕτερον | det | high | |
| 28 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 πέρας | amod | high | |
| 29 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 χαλκοῦν | obl | medium | Likely locative extent with κατά, modifying the preceding statue clause. |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 λιμένος | det | high | |
| 31 | λιμένος | λιμήν | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πέρας | nmod | high | |
| 32 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἱερά | nmod | high | Genitive with ἱερά. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 34 Ἴσιδος | cc | high | |
| 34 | Ἴσιδος | Ἶσις | PROPN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 Ἀσκληπιοῦ | conj | high | |
| 35 | ἱερά | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-p---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστι | conj | high | Final coordinated clause with implied ἐστι. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high |
Κεγχρεῶν δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ τὸ Ἑλένης ἐστὶ λουτρόν·
Simple existential/copular clause with ἀπαντικρὺ functioning adverbially; the noun phrase λουτρόν is the clause subject/predicative center depending on analysis, here attached as nsubj to ἐστὶ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κεγχρεῶν | Κεγχρέαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 λουτρόν | nmod | high | Genitive of place/name modifying λουτρόν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 λουτρόν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπαντικρὺ | ἀπαντικρύ | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶ | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of ἐστὶ. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 λουτρόν | det | high | Article with λουτρόν. |
| 5 | Ἑλένης | Ἑλένη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 λουτρόν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of λουτρόν. |
| 6 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as clause root. |
| 7 | λουτρόν | λουτρόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Predicate-like nominal subject of existential ἐστὶ. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ὕδωρ ἐς θάλασσαν ἐκ πέτρας ῥεῖ πολὺ καὶ ἁλμυρὸν ὕδατι ὅμοιον ἀρχομένῳ θερμαίνεσθαι.
The predicative phrase ἁλμυρὸν ὕδατι ὅμοιον is syntactically difficult; I treat θερμαίνεσθαι as an infinitival complement of ὅμοιον and ἀρχομένῳ as a dependent participle, though the exact attachment is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of ῥεῖ. |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 3 θάλασσαν | case | high | Preposition governing θάλασσαν. |
| 3 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | obl | high | Goal/endpoint complement of ῥεῖ. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 πέτρας | case | high | Preposition governing πέτρας. |
| 5 | πέτρας | πέτρα | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | obl | high | Source complement of ῥεῖ. |
| 6 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial accusative modifying ῥεῖ. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 ἁλμυρὸν | cc | high | Coordinates adjectives/predicatives. |
| 9 | ἁλμυρὸν | ἁλμυρός | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with ὕδατι ὅμοιον; morphology suggests neuter acc. singular. |
| 10 | ὕδατι | ὕδωρ | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὅμοιον | obl | high | Dative complement of ὅμοιον. |
| 11 | ὅμοιον | ὅμοιος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective; case/form may be adverbial or attracted. |
| 12 | ἀρχομένῳ | ἄρχω | VERB | v-sppemd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 θερμαίνεσθαι | aux | medium | Participle dependent on θερμαίνεσθαι; exact syntax uncertain. |
| 13 | θερμαίνεσθαι | θερμαίνω | VERB | v--pnm--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 11 ὅμοιον | acl | high | Infinitival clause dependent on ὅμοιον. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ῥεῖ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |