Grammar parses for passage 2.2.3
Open translation for this passage
Κορινθίοις δὲ τοῖς ἐπινείοις τὰ ὀνόματα Λέχης καὶ Κεγχρίας ἔδοσαν, Ποσειδῶνος εἶναι καὶ Πειρήνης τῆς Ἀχελῴου λεγόμενοι·
The participle λεγόμενοι is nominative and links the naming statement to an infinitival clause; the genitive sequence around Πειρήνης τῆς Ἀχελῴου is syntactically difficult and may reflect an epithet or textual/orthographic issue.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κορινθίοις | Κορίνθιος | NOUN | N-Dat.Pl.M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἔδοσαν | iobj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἔδοσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-Dat.Pl.N | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐπινείοις | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐπινείοις | ἐπίνειος | NOUN | N-Dat.Pl.N | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 Κορινθίοις | appos | medium | Substantivized adjective, appositional to Κορινθίοις. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-Acc.Pl.N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ὀνόματα | det | high | |
| 6 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-Acc.Pl.N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἔδοσαν | obj | high | |
| 7 | Λέχης | Λέχης | PROPN | N-Nom.Sg.M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὀνόματα | nmod | medium | Personal name in nominative; coordinated with Κεγχρίας and functioning as a naming complement. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 Κεγχρίας | cc | high | |
| 9 | Κεγχρίας | Κεγχρίας | PROPN | N-Nom.Sg.M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Λέχης | conj | medium | Proper name; coordinated naming complement. |
| 10 | ἔδοσαν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-Aor.Act.Ind.3Pl | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔδοσαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-Gen.Sg.M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-Pres.Act.Inf | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 λεγόμενοι | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the supplementary/naming explanation. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 Πειρήνης | cc | high | |
| 15 | Πειρήνης | Πειρήνη | PROPN | N-Gen.Sg.F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ποσειδῶνος | conj | medium | Coordinated genitive name; relation to εἶναι is semantically elliptical/ambiguous. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-Gen.Sg.F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀχελῴου | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀχελῴου | Ἀχελῷος | PROPN | N-Gen.Sg.M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Πειρήνης | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name in the epithet/parentage phrase; agreement with Πειρήνης is not morphologically straightforward. |
| 18 | λεγόμενοι | λέγω | VERB | V-Pres.MidPart.Nom.Pl.M | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 10 ἔδοσαν | advcl | medium | Nominative circumstantial participle, agreeing with the implicit subject of ἔδοσαν; governs the infinitival explanation. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔδοσαν | punct | high |
πεποίηται δὲ ἐν Ἠοίαις μεγάλαις Οἰβάλου θυγατέρα εἶναι Πειρήνην.
Impersonal perfect πεποίηται governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Πειρήνην θυγατέρα εἶναι, with ἐν Ἠοίαις μεγάλαις as the locative source/context phrase and Οἰβάλου as the genitive dependent on θυγατέρα. The exact referent of the impersonal πεποίηται is contextually supplied.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal perfect middle/passive form, likely ‘it is made/recorded’; contextual subject is omitted. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 1 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 4 Ἠοίαις | case | high | |
| 4 | Ἠοίαις | Ἠοῖαι | PROPN | N-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 πεποίηται | obl | medium | Title/name of a work or section; construed with ἐν. |
| 5 | μεγάλαις | μέγας | ADJ | A-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 Ἠοίαις | amod | high | |
| 6 | Οἰβάλου | Οἴβαλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θυγατέρα: ‘daughter of Oebalus’. |
| 7 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate noun in the infinitival clause. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 πεποίηται | ccomp | high | Infinitive introducing the accusative-and-infinitive complement. |
| 9 | Πειρήνην | Πειρήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high |
ἔστι δὲ ἐν Λεχαίῳ μὲν Ποσειδῶνος ἱερὸν καὶ ἄγαλμα χαλκοῦν, τὴν δὲ ἐς Κεγχρέας ἰόντων ἐξ ἰσθμοῦ ναὸς Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ ξόανον ἀρχαῖον.
Two coordinated existential clauses share ἔστι; τὴν is the article introducing the second, elliptical subject phrase (understood ὁδόν, with ἰόντων agreeing substantivally/locatively with travelers).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential present. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Λεχαίῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | Λεχαίῳ | Λέχαιον | PROPN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἱερὸν | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἱερὸν | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν ... δέ. |
| 6 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδών | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Possessive/genitival dependent. |
| 7 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | First coordinated existential subject. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄγαλμα with ἱερόν. |
| 9 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἱερὸν | conj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 10 | χαλκοῦν | χάλκεος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Bronze, modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἰόντων | det | medium | Article with elliptical feminine noun, probably ὁδόν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Coordinates the second existential phrase. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Κεγχρέας | case | high | |
| 15 | Κεγχρέας | Κεγχρεαί | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἰόντων | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 16 | ἰόντων | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ναὸς | acl | medium | Genitive plural participle, likely substantival/genitive absolute-like route phrase; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 17 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ἰσθμοῦ | case | high | |
| 18 | ἰσθμοῦ | ἰσθμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἰόντων | obl | high | Point of departure with ἐξ. |
| 19 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | conj | medium | Second coordinated existential subject; τὴν likely reflects an omitted feminine ὁδόν in the intervening phrase. |
| 20 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ναὸς | nmod | high | Divine possessive genitive. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ξόανον | cc | high | Coordinates ξόανον with ναός. |
| 22 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ναὸς | conj | high | Coordinated subject, with neuter form despite masculine ναός. |
| 23 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ξόανον | amod | high | Modifies ξόανον. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high |
ἐν δὲ Κεγχρέαις Ἀφροδίτης τέ ἐστι ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ ἐρύματι τῷ διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης Ποσειδῶνος χαλκοῦν, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἕτερον πέρας τοῦ λιμένος Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ Ἴσιδος ἱερά.
Three coordinated locative descriptions are elliptically linked: ἐστι governs ναός and ἄγαλμα, while later nominal predicates (Ποσειδῶνος χαλκοῦν and ἱερά) are understood with ἐστι. In ἐπὶ τῷ ἐρύματι τῷ διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης, the second τῷ introduces a relative-like attributive phrase whose διὰ phrase describes the rampart/causeway.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 Κεγχρέαις | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Κεγχρέαις | Κεγχρέαι | PROPN | N--DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστι | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 4 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ναὸς | nmod | high | |
| 5 | τέ | τέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 8 καὶ | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Elliptically carries the later coordinated nominal descriptions. |
| 7 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 9 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | conj | high | Coordinated with ναός. |
| 10 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Material/content genitive. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 12 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 14 αὐτὸν | case | high | With accusative: spatial sequence, 'after/beyond'. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 23 χαλκοῦν | cc | medium | Connective for the next elliptical description. |
| 14 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P--AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 23 χαλκοῦν | obl | high | Refers to ναόν, with μετὰ. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 17 ἐρύματι | case | high | With dative. |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T--DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἐρύματι | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐρύματι | ἔρυμα | NOUN | N--DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 χαλκοῦν | obl | high | Location with ἐπί. |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T--DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 διὰ | mark | medium | Article introducing an attributive/relative-like phrase. |
| 19 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 21 θαλάσσης | case | high | With genitive. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 θαλάσσης | det | high | |
| 21 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρύματι | nmod | high | Genitive complement of διὰ; phrase modifies ἐρύματι. |
| 22 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 χαλκοῦν | nmod | high | Possessive/dedicatory genitive. |
| 23 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A--NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | conj | medium | Nominal predicate coordinated elliptically with ναός/ἄγαλμα; understood noun is likely ἄγαλμα. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 χαλκοῦν | punct | high | |
| 25 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 29 πέρας | case | high | With accusative: along/at. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 35 ἱερά | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 πέρας | det | high | |
| 28 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A--ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 πέρας | amod | high | |
| 29 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N--ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἱερά | obl | high | Object of κατά in the spatial phrase. |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 λιμένος | det | high | |
| 31 | λιμένος | λιμήν | NOUN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πέρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πέρας. |
| 32 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἱερά | nmod | high | Dedicatory genitive. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 34 Ἴσιδος | cc | high | |
| 34 | Ἴσιδος | Ἶσις | PROPN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἱερά | conj | high | Coordinated dedicatory genitive. |
| 35 | ἱερά | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστι | conj | medium | Elliptical nominal predicate/subject with understood ἐστι; neuter plural likely 'sanctuaries'. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high |
Κεγχρεῶν δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ τὸ Ἑλένης ἐστὶ λουτρόν·
The sentence identifies Helen’s bath as directly opposite Cenchreae: τὸ λουτρόν is the subject, Ἑλένης is a genitive dependent on λουτρόν, and ἀπαντικρύ functions predicatively with ἐστίν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κεγχρεῶν | Κεγχρεαί | PROPN | N-GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπαντικρὺ | nmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐστὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπαντικρὺ | ἀπαντικρύ | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 ἐστὶ | obl | high | Adverbial locative/predicative complement meaning ‘directly opposite’. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 λουτρόν | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλένης | Ἑλένη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 λουτρόν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 λουτρόν | cop | high | |
| 7 | λουτρόν | λουτρόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λουτρόν | punct | high |
ὕδωρ ἐς θάλασσαν ἐκ πέτρας ῥεῖ πολὺ καὶ ἁλμυρὸν ὕδατι ὅμοιον ἀρχομένῳ θερμαίνεσθαι.
The final dative participial phrase is somewhat compressed: ἀρχομένῳ θερμαίνεσθαι is analyzed as a circumstantial dative participle with infinitival complement, while ὅμοιον takes ὕδατι as a comparative dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | n-snn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r | _ | 3 θάλασσαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 3 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | n-saf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | obl | high | |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r | _ | 5 πέτρας | case | high | |
| 5 | πέτρας | πέτρα | NOUN | n-sgf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ῥεῖ | obl | high | |
| 6 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | a-sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ὕδωρ | amod | medium | Predicative/quantity adjective agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 9 ἁλμυρὸν | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἁλμυρὸν | ἁλμυρός | ADJ | a-sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ὕδωρ | conj | high | Second predicative adjective coordinated with πολὺ. |
| 10 | ὕδατι | ὕδωρ | NOUN | n-snd | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὅμοιον | obl | high | Dative of comparison with ὅμοιον. |
| 11 | ὅμοιον | ὅμοιος | ADJ | a-sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ὕδωρ | conj | medium | Further predicate coordinated in the description of ὕδωρ; governs comparative dative ὕδατι. |
| 12 | ἀρχομένῳ | ἄρχομαι | VERB | v-sppmdn | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 θερμαίνεσθαι | advcl | medium | Dative present middle participle, agreeing with understood/neuter ὕδατι; temporal or circumstantial. |
| 13 | θερμαίνεσθαι | θερμαίνω | VERB | v--pmn--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 12 ἀρχομένῳ | xcomp | medium | Present passive infinitive dependent on ἀρχομένῳ: beginning to be heated. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ῥεῖ | punct | high |