Grammar parses for passage 8.8.8
Open translation for this passage
ἐς μὲν δὴ μηχανημάτων ἐμβολὴν ἀσφάλειαν ἡ πλίνθος παρέχεται μᾶλλον ἢ ὁπόσα λίθου πεποιημένα ἐστίν· οἱ μὲν γὰρ κατάγνυνταί τε καὶ ἐκπηδῶσιν ἐκ τῶν ἁρμονιῶν, ἡ δὲ πλίνθος ἐκ μηχανημάτων μὲν οὐχ ὁμοίως πονεῖ, διαλύεται δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου κηρός.
The passage contains coordinated present-tense clauses and two elliptical comparative constructions; κηρός is analyzed as the nominative term of the final implicit comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 5 ἐμβολὴν | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 9 παρέχεται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 9 παρέχεται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | μηχανημάτων | μηχάνημα | NOUN | N-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐμβολὴν | nmod | high | |
| 5 | ἐμβολὴν | ἐμβολή | NOUN | N-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρέχεται | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἀσφάλειαν | ἀσφάλεια | NOUN | N-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρέχεται | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πλίνθος | det | high | |
| 8 | πλίνθος | πλίνθος | NOUN | N-NF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PI-M-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 παρέχεται | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 μᾶλλον | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-NAP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐστίν | nsubj | medium | Relative/comparative clause subject; neuter plural is construed substantivally. |
| 13 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πεποιημένα | nmod | high | |
| 14 | πεποιημένα | ποιέω | VERB | V-RP-NAP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἐστίν | acl | high | |
| 15 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PI-A-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 μᾶλλον | advcl | medium | Copula in comparative clause; agreement is formally singular despite neuter plural subject. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 παρέχεται | punct | high | |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 20 κατάγνυνταί | nsubj | medium | Substantival article, referring to stone constructions. |
| 18 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 20 κατάγνυνταί | discourse | high | |
| 19 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 κατάγνυνταί | mark | high | |
| 20 | κατάγνυνταί | κατάγνυμι | VERB | V-PI-M-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 23 ἐκπηδῶσιν | conj | medium | Coordinated verb with ἐκπηδῶσιν; middle form has intransitive/resultative force. |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 κατάγνυνταί | cc | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἐκπηδῶσιν | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἐκπηδῶσιν | ἐκπηδάω | VERB | V-PI-A-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 38 διαλύεται | parataxis | high | |
| 24 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 26 ἁρμονιῶν | case | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 ἁρμονιῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | ἁρμονιῶν | ἁρμονία | NOUN | N-GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἐκπηδῶσιν | obl | high | |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐκπηδῶσιν | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 πλίνθος | det | high | |
| 29 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 διαλύεται | cc | high | |
| 30 | πλίνθος | πλίνθος | NOUN | N-NF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 διαλύεται | nsubj | high | |
| 31 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 32 μηχανημάτων | case | high | |
| 32 | μηχανημάτων | μηχάνημα | NOUN | N-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 πονεῖ | obl | high | |
| 33 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 36 πονεῖ | discourse | high | |
| 34 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | Polarity=Neg | 36 πονεῖ | advmod | high | |
| 35 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 36 πονεῖ | advmod | high | |
| 36 | πονεῖ | πονέω | VERB | V-PI-A-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 38 διαλύεται | advcl | high | |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 πονεῖ | punct | high | |
| 38 | διαλύεται | διαλύω | VERB | V-PI-M-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 παρέχεται | parataxis | high | |
| 39 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 διαλύεται | cc | high | |
| 40 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 42 ὕδατος | case | high | |
| 41 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 42 ὕδατος | det | high | |
| 42 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 διαλύεται | obl | high | |
| 43 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | Polarity=Neg | 44 ἧσσον | advmod | high | |
| 44 | ἧσσον | ἧσσον | ADV | ADV-CMP | Degree=Cmp | 38 διαλύεται | advmod | high | |
| 45 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 44 ἧσσον | cc | high | |
| 46 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 48 ἡλίου | case | high | |
| 47 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 48 ἡλίου | det | high | |
| 48 | ἡλίου | ἥλιος | NOUN | N-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 49 κηρός | obl | high | |
| 49 | κηρός | κηρός | NOUN | N-NM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 διαλύεται | advcl | medium | Comparative ellipsis: ‘no less than wax [is dissolved] by the sun’; nominative predicate/subject of the implicit comparison. |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 διαλύεται | punct | high |