Pausanias Analysis

Passage 4.24.1 Class: Historical

Ἀριστομένης δὲ ὡς τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἀπείπατο τῶν ἐς τὴν ἀποικίαν στελλομένων, τὰς θυγατέρας τὴν πρεσβυτάτην καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ ταύτῃ καὶ Ἁγναγόραν τὴν ἀδελφὴν τὴν μὲν Θάρυκι ἐς Φιγαλίαν, Δαμοθοΐδᾳ δὲ Λεπρεάτῃ καὶ Ἡραιεῖ Θεοπόμπῳ τὰς θυγατέρας συνῴκισεν· αὐτὸς δὲ ἀφικόμενος ἐς Δελφοὺς ἐχρῆτο τῷ θεῷ. καὶ τὸ μὲν τῷ Ἀριστομένει γενόμενον μάντευμα οὐ λέγεται·

Proper Nouns:

Δαμοθοΐδης Δελφοί Θάρυξ Θεόπομπός Λεπρεύς Φιγαλία Ἀριστομένης Ἁγναγόρα Ἡραιεύς

When Aristomenes declined the leadership of those preparing to settle the colony, he married off his daughters—the eldest and the one following her—as well as his sister Hagnagora: the sister to Tharyx in Phigalia, and his daughters to Damothoidas of Lepreum and Theopompus of Heraea. Aristomenes himself went to Delphi and consulted the god; however, the oracle given to Aristomenes is not recorded.

Passage 4.24.2 Class: Mythic

Δαμαγήτῳ δὲ Ῥοδίῳ βασιλεύοντι ἐν Ἰαλυσῷ, τότε δὲ ἥκοντι παρὰ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ ἐρωτῶντι ὁπόθεν ἀγαγέσθαι χρὴ γυναῖκα, ἔχρησεν ἡ Πυθία θυγατέρα ἀνδρὸς τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοῦ ἀρίστου λαβεῖν. ὁ δὲ---ἦν γὰρ καὶ τρίτη τῷ Ἀριστομένει θυγάτηρ--- γαμεῖ ταύτην, Ἑλλήνων τῶν τότε ἐκεῖνον μακρῷ δή τινι ἄριστον νομίζων. Ἀριστομένης δὲ ἐς μὲν τὴν Ῥόδον ἀφίκετο σὺν τῇ θυγατρί, ἐκεῖθεν δὲ ἔς τε Σάρδεις ἐνενόει παρὰ Ἄρδυν τὸν Γύγου καὶ ἐς Ἐκβάτανα τὰ Μηδικὰ ἀναβῆναι παρὰ τὸν βασιλέα Φραόρτην·

Proper Nouns:

Γύγης Δαμαγήτης Μηδικά Πυθία Σάρδεις Φραόρτης Ἀπόλλων Ἀριστομένης Ἄρδυς Ἐκβάτανα Ἕλληνες Ἰαλυσός Ῥόδιος Ῥόδος

When Damagetus, who was king of Ialysus in Rhodes, went at this time to the oracle of Apollo and inquired from where he should take a wife, the Pythia replied that he must marry the daughter of the best man among the Greeks. He therefore married the third daughter of Aristomenes, judging him by far the best of all Greeks of that time. Aristomenes accompanied his daughter as far as Rhodes, and from there intended to journey onward—to Sardis, to Ardys son of Gyges, and then up to Ecbatana, the Median capital, to King Phraortes.

Passage 4.24.3 Class: Historical

ἀλλὰ γὰρ πρότερον τούτων συνέπεσεν ἀποθανεῖν αὐτῷ νοσήσαντι, οὐ γὰρ ἔδει συμφορὰν οὐδεμίαν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔτι ἐξ Ἀριστομένους γενέσθαι. τελευτήσαντι δὲ αὐτῷ Δαμάγητος καὶ οἱ Ῥόδιοι μνῆμά τε ἐπιφανὲς ἐποίησαν καὶ ἔνεμον ἀπὸ ἐκείνου τιμάς. τὰ μὲν δὴ λεγόμενα ἐς τοὺς Διαγορίδας καλουμένους ἐν Ῥόδῳ, γεγονότας δὲ ἀπὸ Διαγόρου τοῦ Δαμαγήτου τοῦ Δωριέως τοῦ Δαμαγήτου τε καὶ τῆς Ἀριστομένους θυγατρός, παρῆκα, μὴ οὐ κατὰ καιρὸν δοκοίην γράφειν·

Proper Nouns:

Δαμάγητος Δαμάγητος Διαγορίδαι Διαγόρας Δωριεύς Λακεδαιμόνιοι Ἀριστομένης Ῥόδιοι Ῥόδος

However, before these things could occur, Aristomenes fell ill and died; for it was not ordained that the Lacedaemonians should suffer any further misfortune at the hands of Aristomenes. When he passed away, Damagetus and the Rhodians erected a notable tomb in his honor and thenceforth bestowed upon him heroic honors. But as for the traditions relating to the family called the Diagoridae in Rhodes, descended from Diagoras, the son of Damagetus, himself son of Dorieus, who was the son of Damagetus and of Aristomenes' daughter, I shall omit them, lest my account appear irrelevant.

Passage 4.24.4 Class: Historical

Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ τότε, ὡς ἐπεκράτησαν τῆς Μεσσηνίας, τὴν μὲν ἄλλην πλὴν τῆς Ἀσιναίων αὐτοὶ διελάγχανον, Μοθώνην δὲ Ναυπλιεῦσιν ἐδίδοσαν ἐκπεπτωκόσιν ἐκ Ναυπλίας ἔναγχος ὑπὸ Ἀργείων.

Proper Nouns:

Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μεσσηνία Μοθώνη Ναυπλία Ναυπλιεῖς Ἀργεῖοι Ἀσιναῖοι

The Lacedaemonians at that time, having gained mastery over Messenia, themselves divided among themselves all the territory except that belonging to the Asinaeans; but to the Nauplians they gave Methone, since these had recently been driven out of Nauplia by the Argives.

Passage 4.24.5 Class: Historical

Μεσσηνίων δὲ τοὺς ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐν τῇ γῇ, συντελοῦντας κατὰ ἀνάγκην ἐς τοὺς εἵλωτας, ἐπέλαβεν ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων ὕστερον ἀποστῆναι κατὰ τὴν ἐνάτην Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ ἑβδομηκοστήν, ἣν Κορίνθιος ἐνίκα Ξενοφῶν, Ἀρχιμήδους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος· ἀπέστησαν δὲ καιρὸν τοιόνδε εὑρόντες. Λακεδαιμονίων ἄνδρες ἀποθανεῖν ἐπὶ ἐγκλήματι ὅτῳ δὴ καταγνωσθέντες ἱκέται καταφεύγουσιν ἐς Ταίναρον· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῶν ἐφόρων ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ σφᾶς ἀποσπάσασα ἀπέκτεινε.

Proper Nouns:

Κορίνθιος Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μεσσήνιοι Ξενοφῶν Ταίναρον Ἀθῆναι Ἀρχιμήδης Ὀλυμπιάς

Those Messenians who were left behind in the land, forced by necessity to be enrolled among the Helots, later revolted from the Lacedaemonians in the seventy-ninth Olympiad, in which the Corinthian Xenophon was victorious, when Archimedes was archon at Athens. They chose for their revolt the following occasion: certain Lacedaemonian men, condemned to death for some criminal charge, had taken refuge as suppliants at Taenarum. From there the authority of the ephors dragged them away from the altar and put them to death.

Passage 4.24.6 Class: Historical

Σπαρτιάταις δὲ ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ θεμένοις τοὺς ἱκέτας ἀπήντησεν ἐκ Ποσειδῶνος μήνιμα, καί σφισιν ἐς ἔδαφος τὴν πόλιν πᾶσαν κατέβαλεν ὁ θεός. ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ συμφορᾷ ταύτῃ καὶ τῶν εἱλώτων ὅσοι Μεσσήνιοι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἦσαν, ἐς τὸ ὄρος τὴν Ἰθώμην ἀπέστησαν. Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἄλλα τε μετεπέμποντο συμμαχικὰ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς καὶ Κίμωνα τὸν Μιλτιάδου πρόξενόν σφισιν ὄντα καὶ Ἀθηναίων δύναμιν· ἀφικομένους δὲ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ὑποπτεῦσαι δοκοῦσιν ὡς τάχα νεωτερίσοντας καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς ὑποψίας ἀποπέμψασθαι μετʼ οὐ πολὺ ἐξ Ἰθώμης.

Proper Nouns:

Κίμων Λακεδαιμόνιος Μιλτιάδης Ποσειδῶν Σπαρτιάτης Ἀθηναῖοι Ἰθώμη Ἰθώμη

Since the Spartans disregarded entirely those who had taken refuge as suppliants, the wrath of Poseidon fell upon them, and the god razed their entire city to the ground. Amid this disaster, those helots originally of Messenian descent revolted and withdrew to Mount Ithome. In response, the Lacedaemonians summoned various allies against them, including Cimon, son of Miltiades, who was their proxenos, along with the Athenian forces. However, the Athenians, after they arrived, were suspected of intending rebellion, and due to this suspicion, the Spartans soon afterwards dismissed them from Ithome.

Passage 4.24.7 Class: Historical

Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ τὴν ἐς αὐτοὺς τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ὑπόνοιαν συνέντες Ἀργείοις τε φίλοι διʼ αὐτὸ ἐγένοντο καὶ Μεσσηνίων τοῖς ἐν Ἰθώμῃ πολιορκουμένοις ἐκπεσοῦσιν ὑποσπόνδοις ἔδοσαν Ναύπακτον, ἀφελόμενοι Λοκροὺς τοὺς πρὸς Αἰτωλίᾳ καλουμένους Ὀζόλας. τοῖς δὲ Μεσσηνίοις παρέσχεν ἀπελθεῖν ἐξ Ἰθώμης τοῦ τε χωρίου τὸ ἐχυρὸν καὶ ἅμα Λακεδαιμονίοις προεῖπεν ἡ Πυθία ἦ μὴν εἶναί σφισι δίκην ἁμαρτοῦσιν ἐς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Ἰθωμάτα τὸν ἱκέτην. ὑπόσπονδοι μὲν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου τούτων ἕνεκα ἀφείθησαν·

Proper Nouns:

Αἰτωλία Ζεύς Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λοκροί Μεσσήνιοι Ναύπακτος Πελοπόννησος Πυθία Ἀθηναῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἰθωμάτας Ἰθώμη Ὀζόλαι

The Athenians, perceiving the suspicion of the Lacedaemonians against themselves, became therefore friends with the Argives, and gave Naupactus to the Messenians who had been besieged in Ithome and expelled under terms of surrender. This town they took from the Locrians called Ozolian, who dwell near Aetolia. That the Messenians were able thus to depart from Ithome, both because the stronghold itself was formidable, and because the Pythia had proclaimed to the Lacedaemonians that they would suffer divine justice if they harmed the suppliant of Zeus Ithomatas. Hence they allowed them under treaty to depart from the Peloponnese.

Legend:

Chapter 4.24