Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.22.1 | 1 | ἑβδόμῃ δὲ ὕστερον μετὰ τὴν μάχην λόχος τῶν Γαλατῶν ἀνελθεῖν ἐς τὴν Οἴτην ἐπεχείρησε κατὰ Ἡράκλειαν· | Seven days after the battle, a band of Galatians attempted to ascend Mount Oeta by way of Heraclea. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.1 | 2 | ἀτραπὸς δὲ στενὴ καὶ ταύτῃ μετὰ ταῦτα τὰ ἐρείπια ἀνήκει τὰ Τραχῖνος· | There is a narrow pathway there, running upwards past the ruins of Trachis. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.1 | 3 | ἦν δὲ καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾶς τότε ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως Τραχινίδος καὶ ἀναθήματα ἐν αὐτῷ. | At that time, there stood above the city of Trachis a sanctuary of Athena, where offerings had been dedicated. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.1 | 4 | ἔς τε οὖν τὴν Οἴτην ἀναβήσεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ἀτραπὸν ἤλπιζον καὶ ἅμα προσέσεσθαί σφισιν ἐν παρέργῳ τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τὴν φρουρὰν οἰομένου Τελεσάρχῳ. | The Galatians hoped both to ascend Mount Oeta using this pathway and, as a secondary goal, to seize the valuables from the sanctuary, believing that its guard under Telesarchus would be easily overcome. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.1 | 5 | καὶ νικῶσι μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρους τῇ μάχῃ, αὐτὸς δὲ ἔπεσεν ὁ Τελέσαρχος, ἀνήρ εἴπερ τις καὶ ἄλλος πρόθυμος ἐς τὰ Ἑλλήνων. | The Greeks prevailed over the barbarians in the ensuing combat, but Telesarchus himself fell, a man—if ever there was one—exceptionally devoted to the cause of Greece. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.10 | 1 | τότε δὲ ἡ τῶν Αἰνιάνων καὶ ἡ τῶν Ἡρακλεωτῶν ὑπόσχεσις ἐπήγειρε τὸν Βρέννον· | Then the promise from the Aenianians and the Heracleots encouraged Brennus. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.10 | 2 | καὶ Ἀκιχώριον μὲν κατέλιπεν ἐπὶ τῇ στρατιᾷ, προειπών, ἐπειδὰν περιλάβωσιν αὐτοὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, τηνικαῦτα καὶ ἐκείνοις ἐφόδου καιρὸν εἶναι· | He left Acichorius behind in charge of the army, instructing him that when they themselves had surrounded the Greeks, then it would be the proper time for them to make an attack. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.10 | 3 | ἀπολέξας δὲ αὐτὸς μυριάδας τοῦ στρατοῦ τέσσαρας ἐποιεῖτο τὴν ὁδὸν διὰ τῆς ἀτραποῦ. | Selecting forty thousand from his force, he himself set out along the narrow mountain path. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.11 | 1 | καί πως ἐπʼ ἐκείνης συνέβαινε τῆς ἡμέρας τήν τε ὁμίχλην κατὰ τοῦ ὄρους καταχεῖσθαι πολλὴν καὶ ἀμαυρὸν ὑπʼ αὐτῆς εἶναι τὸν ἥλιον, ὥστε τῶν Φωκέων τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ ἀτραπῷ τὴν φρουρὰν οὐ πρότερον ἐπιόντες οἱ βάρβαροι παρέσχοντο αἴσθησιν πρὶν ἢ πλησίον ἐγεγόνεσαν. | And so it happened on that day that a dense mist settled upon the mountain and caused the sun to be dimmed; as a result, the Phocians guarding the path did not perceive the advancing barbarians until they were already near at hand. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.11 | 2 | ἐνταῦθα δὲ οἱ μὲν μάχης ἦρχον, οἱ δὲ ἠμύνοντο ἐρρωμένως, τέλος δὲ ἐβιάσθησαν καὶ ἀναχωροῦσιν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀτραποῦ· | At this point, some of the enemy began an attack, whereas the Phocians bravely defended themselves, but in the end they were overwhelmed and withdrew from the path. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.11 | 3 | καταδραμόντες μέντοι παρὰ τοὺς συμμάχους καὶ ἀπαγγείλαντες τὰ παρόντα ἔφθησαν πρὶν ἢ ἀκριβῆ καὶ πανταχόθεν τελέαν γενέσθαι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ τὴν κύκλωσιν. | Nevertheless, running down quickly to their allies, they were able to report the events just before the encirclement of the Greeks became complete and fully secured on all sides. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.12 | 1 | ἔνθα δὴ οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν τριήρων Ἀθηναῖοι φθάνουσιν ὑπεξαγαγόντες ἐκ τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν τὸ Ἑλληνικόν. | At that point the Athenians, who were serving on board the triremes, arrived first, having already evacuated the Greek forces from Thermopylae. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.12 | 2 | καὶ οἱ μὲν κατὰ τὰς πατρίδας ἕκαστοι τὰς αὑτῶν ἐσκεδάσθησαν. | Each contingent then scattered to their own homelands. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.12 | 3 | ὁ δὲ Βρέννος οὐδένα ἔτι ἐπισχὼν χρόνον, πρὶν ἢ τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τοῦ σὺν τῷ Ἀκιχωρίῳ παραγενέσθαι, τὴν ὁδὸν ἐποιεῖτο ἐπὶ τοὺς Δελφούς. | Brennus, without delaying any longer until the forces from the camp under Acichorius could arrive, began his march against Delphi. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.12 | 4 | οἱ δὲ καταφεύγουσιν ὑπὸ δείματος ἐπὶ τὸ χρηστήριον· καὶ ὁ θεὸς σφᾶς οὐκ εἴα φοβεῖσθαι, φυλάξειν δὲ αὐτὸς ἐπηγγέλλετο τὰ ἑαυτοῦ. | Terrified, the Delphians fled to the oracle for refuge, but the god forbade them to be afraid, reassuring them that he himself would defend what was his own. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.13 | 1 | οἱ δὲ ἀφικόμενοι τιμωρεῖν τῷ θεῷ τοσοίδε ἐγένοντο Ἑλλήνων· Φωκεῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν, ἐκ δὲ Ἀμφίσσης ὁπλῖται τετρακόσιοι. | The number of the Greeks who came to defend the god was as follows: from Phocis, men from all the cities; from Amphissa, four hundred hoplites. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.13 | 2 | παρὰ δὲ Αἰτωλῶν ὀλίγοι μέν τινες αὐτίκα, ὅτε ἐπύθοντο ἐς τὸ πρόσω χωροῦντας τοὺς βαρβάρους, διακοσίους δὲ καὶ χιλίους Φιλόμηλος ἤγαγεν ὕστερον. | A few of the Aetolians came immediately, as soon as they heard that the barbarians were advancing farther inland, but later Philomelus brought twelve hundred more. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.13 | 3 | τὸ δὲ μάλιστα ἐν ἀκμῇ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ἐτράπετο ἐπὶ τὴν μετὰ τοῦ Ἀκιχωρίου στρατιάν, καὶ μάχης μὲν οὐκ ἦρχον, ὁδευόντων δὲ ἐπέκειντο ἀεὶ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ἁρπάζοντές τε τὰ τῶν σκευαγωγούντων καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἄνδρας φονεύοντες· καὶ ἡ πορεία κατὰ ταύτην μάλιστα ἐγίνετό σφισι βραδεῖα τὴν αἰτίαν. | The pick of the Aetolians turned especially against the army of Acichorius, and although they did not initiate regular combat, they continually harassed the rear line on its march, seizing goods from those who carried the baggage and killing the men themselves, thus making the march particularly slow for this reason. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.13 | 4 | κατέλιπε δὲ καὶ περὶ τὴν Ἡράκλειαν ὁ Ἀκιχώριος μοῖραν, οἳ ἔμελλον φρουρήσειν τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοπέδου χρήματα. | Acichorius also left behind at Heracleia a contingent whose task was to guard the treasure stored within the camp. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.2 | 1 | οἱ μὲν δὴ ἡγεμόνες τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ ἄλλοι κατεπεπλήγεσαν τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, καὶ ἠπόρουν ἅμα ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων, ἐς οὐδέν σφισι πλέον προχωροῦντα ὁρῶντες τὰ ἐν χερσί· | Indeed, the other commanders of the barbarians were amazed at the Greek forces and were at a loss concerning the future, realizing that their own plans were making no further progress. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.2 | 2 | τῷ δὲ Βρέννῳ λογισμὸς παρίστατο ὡς εἰ ἀναγκάσει τοὺς Αἰτωλοὺς οἴκαδε ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν ἀναχωρῆσαι, ῥᾴων ἤδη γενήσοιτο ὁ πόλεμος αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν. | Brennus, however, reasoned that if he could compel the Aetolians to withdraw homeward into Aetolia, the war against the Greeks would become easier for him. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.2 | 3 | ἀπολέξας οὖν τῆς στρατιᾶς μυριάδας τοὺς πεζοὺς τέσσαρας καὶ ὅσον ὀκτακοσίους ἱππέας, Ὀρεστόριόν τε αὐτοῖς καὶ Κόμβουτιν ἐφίστησιν ἄρχοντας, οἳ ὀπίσω κατὰ τοῦ Σπερχειοῦ τὰς γεφύρας καὶ | Thus, having selected from his army forty thousand foot soldiers and about eight hundred cavalry, he placed Orestorius and Combutis as their commanders, who then moved back towards the bridges across the Spercheius. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.3 | 1 | αὖθις διὰ Θεσσαλίας ὁδεύσαντες ἐμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν· | Then, marching once again through Thessaly, they invaded Aetolia. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.3 | 2 | καὶ τὰ ἐς Καλλιέας Κόμβουτις οἱ ἐργασάμενοι καὶ Ὀρεστόριος ἦσαν, ἀνοσιώτατά τε ὧν ἀκοῇ ἐπιστάμεθα καὶ οὐδὲν τοῖς ἀνθρώπων τολμήμασιν ὅμοια. | Those who committed the atrocities against Callium were Combutes and Orestorius; indeed, these actions were the most impious of all that we have ever heard of, unmatched by any human daring. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.3 | 3 | γένος μέν γε πᾶν ἐξέκοψαν τὸ ἄρσεν, καὶ ὁμοίως γέροντές τε καὶ τὰ νήπια ἐπὶ τῶν μητέρων τοῖς μαστοῖς ἐφονεύετο· | They exterminated the entire male population, killing alike the old men and the infants at their mothers' breasts; | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.3 | 4 | τούτων δὲ καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ γάλακτος πιότερα ἀποκτείνοντες ἔπινόν τε οἱ Γαλάται τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἥπτοντο τῶν σαρκῶν. | indeed, even the babies still nourished by milk—the Galatians, slaughtering them, drank their blood and feasted upon their flesh. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.4 | 1 | γυναῖκες δὲ καὶ ὅσοι ἐν ὥρᾳ τῶν παρθένων, ὅσαι μὲν φρονήματός τι αὐτῶν εἶχον, ἑαυτὰς ἔφθησαν ὡς ἡλίσκετο ἡ πόλις διειργασμέναι· τὰς δὲ ἔτι περιούσας ἐς ἰδέαν ὕβρεως πᾶσαν μετὰ ἀνάγκης ἦγον ἰσχυρᾶς, ἅτε ἴσον μὲν ἐλέου, ἴσον δὲ τὰς φύσεις καὶ ἔρωτος ἀπέχοντες. | But the women and maidens of marriageable age—those among them who possessed courage took their own lives as soon as the city was taken; those who remained were dragged away forcibly into every imaginable sort of outrage by necessity and violence, by men equally devoid of both pity and natural affection. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.4 | 2 | καὶ ὅσαι μὲν τῶν γυναικῶν ταῖς μαχαίραις τῶν Γαλατῶν ἐπετύγχανον, αὐτοχειρίᾳ τὰς ψυχὰς ἠφίεσαν· ταῖς δὲ οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ὑπάρξειν τὸ χρεὼν ἔμελλεν ἥ τε ἀσιτία καὶ ἡ ἀυπνία, ἀστέγων βαρβάρων ἐκ διαδοχῆς ἀλλήλοις ὑβριζόντων· οἱ δὲ καὶ ἀφιείσαις τὰς ψυχάς, οἱ δὲ καὶ ἤδη νεκραῖς συνεγίνοντο ὅμως. | Many of the women, as they encountered the swords of the Gauls, voluntarily surrendered their lives by their own hands; for those who survived a short while longer, hunger and sleeplessness brought about their end, while homeless barbarians insulted and abused them in turn without respite; some of these barbarians violated the women even as they were expiring, and some did so even after they were already dead. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.5 | 1 | Αἰτωλοὶ δὲ πεπυσμένοι τε παρὰ ἀγγέλων ἦσαν ὁποῖαι σφᾶς κατειλήφεσαν συμφορὰι καὶ αὐτίκα ὡς τάχους εἶχον ἀναστήσαντες ἀπὸ τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν τὴν δύναμιν ἠπείγοντο ἐς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν, τά τε παθήματα τῶν Καλλιέων ἐν ὀργῇ ποιούμενοι καὶ πλέον ἔτι τὰς οὐχ ἑαλωκυίας πω διασώσασθαι πόλεις προθυμούμενοι. | The Aetolians had received from messengers word of the disasters that had overtaken them; immediately, with all the speed they could manage, they withdrew their forces from Thermopylae and hastened homeward to Aetolia, both angry over the sufferings of the people of Kallion and even more eager still to save those cities which had not yet been captured. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.5 | 2 | ἐξεστρατεύοντο δὲ καὶ οἴκοθεν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν οἱ ἐν ἡλικίᾳ, ἀναμεμιγμένοι δʼ ἦσαν ὑπὸ ἀνάγκης τε καὶ φρονήματος καὶ οἱ γεγηρακότες· | From every city those of military age marched forth to war; compelled both by necessity and by their own valour, even the elderly joined ranks alongside them. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.5 | 3 | συνεστρατεύοντο δέ σφισι καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ἑκουσίως, πλέον ἐς τοὺς Γαλάτας καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῷ θυμῷ χρώμεναι. | Also their women willingly accompanied them into the field, and surpassed even the men in their furious courage against the Gauls. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.6 | 1 | ὡς δὲ οἱ βάρβαροι συλήσαντες τούς τε οἴκους καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ καὶ ἐνέντες πῦρ ἐς τὸ Κάλλιον ἐκομίζοντο τὴν αὐτήν, ἐνταῦθα Πατρεῖς μὲν ἐπικουροῦντες Αἰτωλοῖς Ἀχαιῶν μόνοι προσέκειντο ἐξ ἐναντίας τοῖς βαρβάροις ἅτε ὁπλιτεύειν δεδιδαγμένοι, καὶ ὑπὸ πλήθους τε τῶν Γαλατῶν καὶ τῆς ἐς τὰ ἔργα ἀπονοίας μάλιστα ἐταλαιπώρησαν· | When the barbarians, after plundering the houses and sanctuaries, set fire to them and were returning by the same route towards Kallion, in that very place the Patraeans, the only Achaeans helping the Aetolians, opposed the foreigners head-on, being trained in hoplite warfare; they suffered greatly due both to the number of the Galatians and especially owing to their reckless ferocity in battle. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.6 | 2 | οἱ δὲ Αἰτωλοὶ καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αἱ Αἰτωλαὶ παρὰ πᾶσαν τεταγμένοι τὴν ὁδὸν ἐσηκόντιζόν τε ἐς τοὺς βαρβάρους, καὶ οὐδὲν ἄλλο ὅτι μὴ τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους ἐχόντων θυρεοὺς ὀλίγα αὐτῶν ἡμάρτανον, διώκοντάς τε ἀπέφευγον οὐ χαλεπῶς καὶ ἀναστρέφουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς διώξεως ἐπέκειντο αὖθις σπουδῇ. | But the Aetolians, including their women, ambushed the barbarians throughout the entire length of the road, hurling javelins at them; and since these possessed only their native shields, very few casts missed their mark; they easily fled when pursued, and whenever the enemy withdrew from pursuit, quickly resumed their attacks upon them. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.7 | 1 | Καλλιεῦσι δὲ καίπερ δεινὰ οὕτω παθοῦσιν ὡς μηδὲ τὰ ὑπὸ Ὁμήρου πεποιημένα ἔς τε Λαιστρυγόνας καὶ ἐς Κύκλωπα ἐκτὸς εἶναι δοκεῖν ἀληθείας, ὅμως κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν ἐγίνετο ἡ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν δίκη· | Though the Callians suffered such terrible things that even the scenes Homer composed about the Laestrygonians and the Cyclops seem not beyond belief, nevertheless justice was done upon them according to their deserts. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.7 | 2 | ἀπὸ γὰρ τεσσάρων μυριάδων προσόντων σφίσιν ὀκτακοσίων ἐλάσσονες ἡμίσεων ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον οἱ βάρβαροι τὸ πρὸς Θερμοπύλαις ἀπεσώθησαν. | For out of the forty thousand and eight hundred barbarians who attacked them, fewer than half escaped back to the camp near Thermopylae. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.8 | 1 | περὶ δὲ τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ χρόνῳ τοὺς ἐν Θερμοπύλαις συνέβαινεν ἄλλα τοιαῦτα. | At the same time as this, other such events happened among the Greeks at Thermopylae. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.8 | 2 | ἀτραπός ἐστι διὰ τοῦ ὄρους τῆς Οἴτης, μία μὲν ἡ ὑπὲρ Τραχῖνος ἀπότομός τε τὰ πλείω καὶ ὄρθιος δεινῶς, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ διὰ τῆς Αἰνιάνων ὁδεῦσαι στρατῷ ῥᾴων, | There is a path through Mount Oeta: one above Trachis, mostly precipitous and exceedingly steep; another through the land of the Aenianians, easier for an army to traverse. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.8 | 3 | διʼ ἧς καὶ Ὑδάρνης ποτὲ Μῆδος κατὰ νώτου τοῖς περὶ Λεωνίδην ἐπέθετο Ἕλλησι. | It was by this route that once the Mede Hydarnes attacked from behind the Greeks under Leonidas. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.9 | 1 | κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ὁδὸν ἐπηγγέλλοντο ἄξειν Βρέννον οἱ Ἡρακλεῶται καὶ οἱ Αἰνιᾶνες, οὐ κακονοίᾳ τῇ ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, τοὺς δὲ Κελτοὺς ἐκ τῆς χώρας σφίσιν ἀπελθεῖν μηδὲ ἐγκαθημένους φθείρειν περὶ πολλοῦ ποιούμενοι. | Along this route the Heracleots and the Aenianians promised to guide Brennus, not from ill-will toward the Greeks, but because they greatly desired the Celts to depart from their own territory and not to ravage it by remaining encamped there. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 10.22.9 | 2 | καί μοι φαίνεται Πίνδαρος ἀληθῆ καὶ ἐν τῷδε εἰπεῖν, ὃς πάντα τινὰ ὑπὸ κακῶν οἰκείων ἔφη πιέζεσθαι, ἐπὶ δὲ ἀλλοτρίοις κήδεσιν ἀπήμαντον εἶναι. | And it seems to me that in this regard, too, Pindar spoke the truth, when he declared that every person is oppressed by his own misfortunes but remains untouched by the troubles of others. | Historical | Not Skeptical |