Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.12.1 | 1 | οὕτω Πύρρος ἐστὶν ὁ πρῶτος ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος τῆς πέραν Ἰονίου διαβὰς ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους· διέβη δὲ καὶ οὗτος ἐπαγαγομένων Ταραντίνων. | Thus Pyrrhus was the first Greek to cross from Hellas beyond the Ionian Sea against the Romans. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.1 | 2 | τούτοις γὰρ πρότερον ἔτι πρὸς Ῥωμαίους συνειστήκει πόλεμος· ἀδύνατοι δὲ κατὰ σφᾶς ὄντες ἀντισχεῖν, προϋπαρχούσης μὲν ἐς αὐτὸν εὐεργεσίας, ὅτι οἱ πολεμοῦντι τὸν πρὸς Κόρκυραν πόλεμον ναυσὶ συνήραντο, μάλιστα δὲ οἱ πρέσβεις τῶν Ταραντίνων ἀνέπεισαν τὸν Πύρρον, τήν τε Ἰταλίαν διδάσκοντες ὡς εὐδαιμονίας ἕνεκα ἀντὶ πάσης εἴη τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ ὡς οὐχ ὅσιον αὐτῷ παραπέμψαι σφᾶς φίλους τε καὶ ἱκέτας ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἥκοντας. | He crossed over at the invitation of the Tarentines, for they had previously begun a war with Rome. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.1 | 3 | ταῦτα λεγόντων τῶν πρέσβεων μνήμη τὸν Πύρρον τῆς ἁλώσεως ἐσῆλθε τῆς Ἰλίου, καί οἱ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἤλπιζε χωρήσειν πολεμοῦντι· στρατεύειν γὰρ ἐπὶ Τρώων ἀποίκους Ἀχιλλέως ὢν ἀπόγονος. | Unable to hold out by themselves, they recalled their earlier good deed toward him—since in his naval engagement against Corcyra they had come to his assistance with ships—but above all the Tarentine ambassadors convinced Pyrrhus by describing Italy as a land surpassing all Greece in wealth and prosperity. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.2 | 1 | ὡς δέ οἱ ταῦτα ἤρεσκε ---διέμελλε γὰρ ἐπʼ οὐδενὶ ὧν ἕλοιτο---, αὐτίκα ναῦς τε ἐπλήρου μακρὰς καὶ πλοῖα στρογγύλα εὐτρέπιζεν ἵππους καὶ ἄνδρας ὁπλίτας ἄγειν. | When he had decided upon this course—for Pyrrhus delayed over nothing that he resolved upon—he immediately began filling warships and preparing merchant vessels to transport cavalry and infantry. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.2 | 2 | ἔστι δὲ ἀνδράσι βιβλία οὐκ ἐπιφανέσιν ἐς συγγραφήν, ἔχοντα ἐπίγραμμα ἔργων ὑπομνήματα εἶναι. | There exist certain books composed by otherwise obscure authors, bearing the title "Memoirs of Deeds." | Historical | Skeptical |
| 1.12.2 | 3 | ταῦτα ἐπιλεγομένῳ μοι μάλιστα ἐπῆλθε θαυμάσαι Πύρρου τόλμαν τε, ἣν μαχόμενος αὐτὸς τε παρείχετο, καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀεὶ μέλλουσιν ἀγῶσι πρόνοιαν· | While reading these, it especially impressed upon me to admire Pyrrhus—both for the bravery he personally demonstrated in battle and for his foresight concerning campaigns yet to come. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.2 | 4 | ὃς καὶ τότε περαιούμενος ναυσὶν ἐς Ἰταλίαν Ῥωμαίους ἐλελήθει καὶ ἥκων οὐκ εὐθὺς ἦν σφισι φανερός, | Even on that occasion, though crossing by sea to Italy with his forces, he had escaped the notice of the Romans, and upon his arrival he was not immediately visible to them. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.2 | 5 | γινομένης δὲ Ῥωμαίων πρὸς Ταραντίνους συμβολῆς τότε δὴ πρῶτον ἐπιφαίνεται σὺν τῷ στρατῷ καὶ παρʼ ἐλπίδα σφίσι προσπεσών, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἐτάραξεν. | But later, when a battle erupted between the Romans and the Tarentines, he first appeared with his army and, attacking the Romans unexpectedly, caused great confusion, as one might naturally expect. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.3 | 1 | ἅτε δὲ ἄριστα ἐπιστάμενος ὡς οὐκ ἀξιόμαχος εἴη πρὸς Ῥωμαίους, παρεσκευάζετο ὡς τοὺς ἐλέφαντας ἐπαφήσων σφίσιν. | Since he knew very well that he was no match for the Romans, he prepared to unleash elephants against them. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.3 | 2 | ἐλέφαντας δὲ πρῶτος μὲν τῶν ἐκ τῆς Εὐρώπης Ἀλέξανδρος ἐκτήσατο Πῶρον καὶ τὴν δύναμιν καθελὼν τὴν Ἰνδῶν, ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν βασιλέων καὶ πλείστους ἔσχεν Ἀντίγονος, Πύρρῳ δὲ ἐκ τῆς μάχης ἐγεγόνει τῆς πρὸς Δημήτριον τὰ θηρία αἰχμάλωτα· | Alexander was the first of the Europeans to acquire elephants, when he defeated Porus and subdued the Indian force; after Alexander's death, other kings also obtained elephants, with Antigonus having the greatest number; and Pyrrhus himself gained these beasts as spoils from his battle with Demetrius. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.3 | 3 | τότε δὲ ἐπιφανέντων αὐτῶν δεῖμα ἔλαβε Ῥωμαίους ἄλλο τι καὶ οὐ ζῷα εἶναι νομίσαντας. | When they appeared at that time, the Romans were struck with terror, imagining them to be creatures of another kind and not mere animals. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.4 | 1 | ἐλέφαντα γάρ, ὅσος μὲν ἐς ἔργα καὶ ἀνδρῶν χεῖρας, εἰσὶν ἐκ παλαιοῦ δῆλοι πάντες εἰδότες· αὐτὰ δὲ τὰ θηρία, πρὶν ἢ διαβῆναι Μακεδόνας ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν, οὐδὲ ἑωράκεσαν ἀρχὴν πλὴν Ἰνδῶν τε αὐτῶν καὶ Λιβύων καὶ ὅσοι πλησιόχωροι τούτοις. | For ivory, at least so far as concerns its use in craftsmanship and human workmanship, has long been known clearly to everyone; yet as for the beasts themselves, no one, prior to the Macedonian invasion of Asia, had ever seen them at all, apart from the Indians themselves, the Libyans, and those neighboring them. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.4 | 2 | δηλοῖ δὲ Ὅμηρος, ὃς βασιλεῦσι κλίνας μὲν καὶ οἰκίας τοῖς εὐδαιμονεστέροις αὐτῶν ἐλέφαντι ἐποίησε κεκοσμημένας, θηρίου δὲ ἐλέφαντος μνήμην οὐδεμίαν ἐποιήσατο· θεασάμενος δὲ ἢ πεπυσμένος ἐμνημόνευσεν ἂν πολύ γε πρότερον ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἢ Πυγμαίων τε ἀνδρῶν καὶ γεράνων μάχης. | Homer provides evidence for this, who made mention of kings having couches inlaid with ivory as well as houses adorned with it among the wealthiest men, but made no mention whatsoever of the beast itself—the elephant. | Mythic | Skeptical |
| 1.12.5 | 1 | Πύρρον δὲ ἐς Σικελίαν ἀπήγαγε πρεσβεία Συρακουσίων· | An embassy from Syracuse drew Pyrrhus away into Sicily. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.5 | 2 | Καρχηδόνιοι γὰρ διαβάντες τὰς Ἑλληνίidas τῶν πόλεων ἐποίουν ἀναστάτους, ἣ δὲ ἦν λοιπή, Συρακούσαις πολιορκοῦντες προσεκάθηντο. | For the Carthaginians, having crossed over, laid waste to the Greek cities there and, besieging Syracuse, the only place still remaining, pressed it closely. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.5 | 3 | ἃ τῶν πρέσβεων Πύρρος ἀκούων Τάραντα μὲν εἴα καὶ τοὺς τὴν ἀκτὴν ἔχοντας Ἰταλιωτῶν, ἐς δὲ τὴν Σικελίαν διαβὰς Καρχηδονίους ἠνάγκασεν ἀπαναστῆναι Συρακουσῶν. | When Pyrrhus heard the ambassadors' request, he left Tarentum and the other cities of southern Italy, and crossed into Sicily, where he compelled the Carthaginians to abandon their siege of Syracuse. | Historical | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.5 | 4 | φρονήσας δὲ ἐφʼ αὑτῷ Καρχηδονίων, οἳ θαλάσσης τῶν τότε βαρβάρων μάλιστα εἶχον ἐμπείρως Τύριοι Φοίνικες τὸ ἀρχαῖον ὄντες, τούτων ἐναντία ἐπήρθη ναυμαχῆσαι τοῖς Ἠπειρώταις χρώμενος, οἳ μηδὲ ἁλούσης Ἰλίου θάλασσαν οἱ πολλοὶ μηδὲ ἁλσὶν ἠπίσταντό πω χρῆσθαι. | But filled with proud confidence against the Carthaginians, who among the barbarians of that time were most skilled on the sea—which was natural, since they were originally Tyrian Phoenicians—he rashly determined to fight a naval battle against them, relying upon his Epirotes, most of whom, even at the time of Troy's fall, neither knew the sea nor how to use salt. | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.5 | 5 | μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι καὶ Ὁμήρου ἔπος ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ· | And the line of Homer from the Odyssey testifies to this point for me: | Mythic | Not Skeptical |
| 1.12.5 | 6 | οἳ οὐκ ἴσασι θάλασσαν ἀνέρες, οὐδέ θʼ ἅλεσσι μεμιγμένον εἶδαρ ἔδουσιν. Hom. Od. 11.122 | "Men who do not know the sea, nor do they eat food seasoned with salt." (Hom. Od. 11.122) | Mythic | Not Skeptical |