Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.2.1 | 1 | Εὐρυσθένει πρεσβυτέρῳ τῶν Ἀριστοδήμου παίδων ὄντι ἡλικίαν γενέσθαι λέγουσιν υἱὸν Ἆγιν· | They say that Agis, son of Eurysthenes, the elder of the sons of Aristodemus, reached maturity; | ? | ? |
| 3.2.1 | 2 | ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τὸ γένος τὸ Εὐρυσθένους καλοῦσιν Ἀγιάδας. | and from this man, the house of Eurysthenes is called the Agiadae. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.1 | 3 | ἐπὶ τούτου Πατρεῖ τῷ Πρευγένους κτίζοντι ἐν Ἀχαΐᾳ πόλιν, ἥντινα Πάτρας καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς καλοῦσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρέως τούτου, συνεπελάβοντο Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοῦ οἰκισμοῦ. | In his reign, when Patreus, the son of Preugenes, was founding a city in Achaia—a city still called Patrae after this Patreus—the Lacedaemonians assisted him in this settlement. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.1 | 4 | συνήραντο δὲ καὶ Γρᾷ τῷ Ἐχέλα τοῦ Πενθίλου τοῦ Ὀρέστου στελλομένῳ ναυσὶν ἐς ἀποικίαν. | They also helped Gras, the son of Echelas, son of Penthilus, son of Orestes, who was sailing out with ships for colonization. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.1 | 5 | καὶ ὁ μὲν τὴν τῆς Ἰωνίας μεταξὺ καὶ Μυσῶν, καλουμένην δὲ Αἰολίδα ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, καθέξειν ἔμελλεν· | Gras was destined to occupy the region between Ionia and Mysia, known in our day as Aeolis. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.1 | 6 | ὁ δέ οἱ πρόγονος Πενθίλος Λέσβον τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἠπείρου ταύτης νῆσον εἷλεν ἔτι πρότερον. | Penthilus, his ancestor, had already seized Lesbos, an island opposite this mainland. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.2 | 1 | ἐπὶ δὲ Ἐχεστράτου τοῦ Ἄγιδος βασιλεύοντες ἐν Σπάρτῃ Κυνουρέας τοὺς ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ποιοῦσιν ἀναστάτους, αἰτίαν ἐπενεγκόντες ὡς τὴν Ἀργολίδα συγγενῶν σφισιν ὄντων Ἀργείων λῃσταί τε ἐκ τῆς Κυνουριακῆς κακουργοῖεν καὶ αὐτοὶ καταδρομὰς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ ποιοῖντο ἐς τὴν γῆν. | During the reign of Echestratus son of Agis in Sparta, the Lacedaemonians forcibly expelled the Cynurians who were of military age, alleging as justification that while the Argives, their own kinsmen, inhabited Argolis, raiders from Cynuria continually committed criminal acts, and the Cynurians themselves openly launched incursions into Argive territory. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.2 | 2 | λέγονται δὲ οἱ Κυνουρεῖς Ἀργεῖοι τὸ ἀνέκαθεν εἶναι, καὶ οἰκιστήν φασιν αὐτῶν Κύνουρον γενέσθαι τὸν Περσέως. | It is said, moreover, that the Cynurians were originally Argives, and they claim that their founder was Cynurus, son of Perseus. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.3 | 1 | ἔτεσι δὲ ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς Λαβώτας ὁ Ἐχεστράτου τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔσχεν ἐν Σπάρτῃ. | A few years afterward, Labotas, son of Echestratus, obtained the kingdom at Sparta. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.3 | 2 | τοῦτον τὸν Λαβώταν Ἡρόδοτος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Κροῖσον ὑπὸ Λυκούργου τοῦ θεμένου τοὺς νόμους φησὶν ἐπιτροπευθῆναι παῖδα ὄντα· | Herodotus, in his account involving Croesus, states that this Labotas, while still a child, was placed under the guardianship of Lycurgus, who established the laws. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.3 | 3 | Λεωβώτην δέ οἱ τίθεται τὸ ὄνομα καὶ οὐ Λαβώταν. | However, he gives him the name Leobotes rather than Labotas. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.3 | 4 | Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ πρῶτον τότε ἔδοξεν ἄρασθαι πρὸς Ἀργείους πόλεμον· | At this time, it first occurred to the Lacedaemonians to wage war against the Argives. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.3 | 5 | ἐποιοῦντο δὲ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐγκλήματα τήν τε Κυνουριακὴν ἑλόντων αὑτῶν ἀποτέμνεσθαι τοὺς Ἀργείους καὶ τοὺς περιοίκους σφῶν ὑπηκόους ὄντας ἀφιστάναι. | Their charges against the Argives were that the Argives were seizing and cutting off a portion of Cynuria, their own territory, and inciting the Perioeci who were subject to Sparta to revolt. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.3 | 6 | τότε μὲν δὴ παρὰ οὐδετέρων πολεμησάντων ὅμως μνήμης ἄξιον πραχθῆναί φασιν οὐδέν· | Then, however, war having broken out on neither side, nothing noteworthy is said to have occurred. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.4 | 1 | τοὺς δὲ ἐφεξῆς βασιλεύσαντας τῆς οἰκίας ταύτης Δόρυσσον τὸν Λαβώτα καὶ Ἀγησίλαον Δορύσσου διʼ ὀλίγου σφᾶς τὸ χρεὼν ἐπέλαβεν ἀμφοτέρους. | The next kings of this house after him, Doryssus son of Labotas and Agesilaus son of Doryssus, soon had their destinies catch up with them both. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.4 | 2 | ἔθηκε δὲ καὶ Λυκοῦργος Λακεδαιμονίοις τοὺς νόμους ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀγησιλάου βασιλείας· θεῖναι δὲ αὐτὸν λέγουσιν οἱ μὲν παρὰ τῆς Πυθίας διδαχθέντα ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, οἱ δὲ ὡς Κρητικὰ ὄντα νόμιμα ἐπαγάγοιτο. | It was during the reign of Agesilaus that Lycurgus established for the Lacedaemonians their laws; some say he enacted these laws after consultation at Delphi with the Pythian Oracle, while others claim that he simply introduced legislation borrowed from Crete. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.4 | 3 | τούτους δὲ οἱ Κρῆτες τοὺς νόμους τεθῆναί σφισιν ὑπὸ Μίνω λέγουσι, βουλεύσασθαι δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ τὸν Μίνω. | The Cretans assert that these laws were originally established for them by Minos, who did not devise them without divine guidance. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.4 | 4 | ᾐνίξατο δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν περὶ τοῦ Μίνω τῆς νομοθεσίας ἐν τοῖσδε τοῖς ἔπεσι· τῇσι δʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσσός, μεγάλη πόλις, ἔνθα τε Μίνως ἐννέωρος βασίλευε Διὸς μεγάλου ὀαριστής. | Homer too, it seems to me, alluded in poetic form to Minos' role as legislator in the following verses: "In it is Cnossus, a great city, where Minos ruled as king, who conversed as a friend with mighty Zeus, every ninth year." | ? | ? |
| 3.2.4 | 5 | Hom. Od. 19.178 | (Homer, Odyssey 19.178) | ? | ? |
| 3.2.5 | 1 | Λυκούργου μὲν οὖν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔπειτα τοῦ λόγου ποιήσομαι μνήμην· | Of Lycurgus I will make mention later in my account. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.5 | 2 | Ἀγησιλάου δὲ παῖς ἐγένετο Ἀρχέλαος. | Agesilaus had a son named Archelaus. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.5 | 3 | ἐπὶ τούτου Λακεδαιμόνιοι πολέμῳ κρατήσαντες πόλιν τῶν περιοικίδων ἠνδραποδίσαντο Αἴγυν, ὑποπτεύσαντες ὡς οἱ Αἰγῦται φρονοῦσι τὰ Ἀρκάδων. | During his reign the Lacedaemonians, prevailing in war, enslaved Aegys, a town of the Perioeci, suspecting that the inhabitants of Aegys sympathized with the views of the Arcadians. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.5 | 4 | Χαρίλαος δὲ ὁ τῆς ἑτέρας οἰκίας βασιλεὺς συνεξεῖλε μὲν καὶ Ἀρχελάῳ τὴν Αἴγυν, ὁπόσα δὲ καὶ ἰδίᾳ Λακεδαιμονίων αὐτὸς ἔδρασεν ἡγούμενος, μνήμην καὶ τῶνδε ποιησόμεθα ὁμοῦ τῷ λόγῳ μεταβάντι ἐς τοὺς Εὐρυπωντίδας καλουμένους. | Charilaus, king of the other royal house, aided Archelaus in capturing Aegys, but concerning the deeds Charilaus himself accomplished personally as leader of the Lacedaemonians, I will speak of these also later, when my narrative transitions to the lineage called the Eurypontidae. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.6 | 1 | Ἀρχελάου δὲ ἦν Τήλεκλος· | Teleklos was the son of Archelaos. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.6 | 2 | ἐπὶ τούτου πόλεις Λακεδαιμόνιοι τῶν περιοικίδων πολέμῳ κρατήσαντες ἐξεῖλον Ἀμύκλας καὶ Φᾶριν καὶ Γεράνθρας, ἐχόντων ἔτι Ἀχαιῶν. | During his reign, the Lacedaemonians defeated and captured cities of the Perioeci in war: Amyklai, Pharis, and Geranthrai, which were still occupied by the Achaeans. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.6 | 3 | τούτων Φαρῖται καὶ Γερανθρᾶται τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν Δωριέων καταπλαγέντες ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου συγχωροῦνται ὑπόσπονδοι· | Of these, the Pharitai and Geranthratai, having been thoroughly alarmed by the Dorian invasion, agreed by treaty to depart from the Peloponnese. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.6 | 4 | τοὺς δὲ Ἀμυκλαιεῖς οὐκ ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἐκβάλλουσιν, ἀλλὰ ἀντισχόντας τε ἐπὶ πολὺ τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἔργα οὐκ ἄδοξα ἐπιδειξαμένους. | But the Amyklaians were not driven out by a sudden attack, but rather resisted the war for a long time and performed actions of no small fame. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.6 | 5 | δηλοῦσι δὲ καὶ οἱ Δωριεῖς τρόπαιον ἐπὶ τοῖς Ἀμυκλαιεῦσιν ἀναστήσαντες, ὡς ἐν τῷ τότε λόγου μάλιστα ἄξιον τοῦτο ὑπάρξαν σφίσιν. | Indeed, the Dorians themselves demonstrated this point clearly by setting up a trophy commemorating their victory over the Amyklaians, thus proving that in those days this success was considered by them the most worthy of mention. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.6 | 6 | οὐ πολλῷ δὲ ὕστερον τούτων ἀπέθανεν ὑπὸ Μεσσηνίων Τήλεκλος ἐν Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερῷ· | Not long afterward, Teleklos was slain by the Messenians in the sanctuary of Artemis. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.6 | 7 | τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐν μεθορίῳ τῆς τε Λακωνικῆς καὶ τῆς Μεσσηνίας ἐπεποίητο ἐν χωρίῳ καλουμένῳ Λίμναις. | This sanctuary was established on the border between Laconia and Messenia, in a place called Limnai. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.7 | 1 | Τηλέκλου δὲ ἀποθανόντος Ἀλκαμένης ἔσχεν ὁ Τηλέκλου τὴν ἀρχήν· | On the death of Teleclus, Alcamenes, his son, succeeded to the throne. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.7 | 2 | καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πέμπουσιν ἐς Κρήτην Χαρμίδαν τὸν Εὔθυος, ἄνδρα ἐν Σπάρτῃ τῶν δοκίμων, στάσεις τε καταπαύσοντα τοῖς Κρησὶ καὶ τὰ πολίσματα, ὁπόσα ἦν ἀπωτέρω θαλάσσης καὶ ἄλλως ἀσθενῆ, ταῦτα μὲν τοὺς Κρῆτας πείσοντα ἐκλιπεῖν, τὰ δὲ ἐν ἐπικαίρῳ τοῦ παράπλου συνοικιοῦντα ἀντʼ αὐτῶν. | The Lacedaemonians dispatched Charmidas, the son of Euthys, to Crete, a man of good repute in Sparta, to quell the factions among the Cretans and to persuade them to abandon those towns situated away from the sea and otherwise weak, and instead to consolidate settlements in positions advantageously located for seafaring. | ? | ? |
| 3.2.7 | 3 | ἀνέστησαν δὲ καὶ Ἕλος ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ πόλισμα Ἀχαιῶν ἐχόντων καὶ Ἀργείους τοῖς εἵλωσιν ἀμύναντας μάχῃ νικῶσιν. | Moreover, they attacked Helos, a coastal town held by the Achaeans, and defeated in battle the Argives who came to the Helots' aid. | ? | ? |