Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.3.1 | 1 | τελευτήσαντος δὲ Ἀλκαμένους Πολύδωρος τὴν βασιλείαν παρέλαβεν ὁ Ἀλκαμένους, καὶ ἀποικίαν τε ἐς Ἰταλίαν Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὴν ἐς Κρότωνα ἔστειλαν καὶ ἀποικίαν ἐς Λοκροὺς τοὺς πρὸς ἄκρᾳ Ζεφυρίῳ, καὶ ὁ πόλεμος ὁ καλούμενος Μεσσηνιακὸς Πολυδώρου βασιλεύοντος μάλιστα ἐς ἀκμὴν προῆλθε. | After the death of Alcamenes, Polydorus, the son of Alcamenes, took up the kingship. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.1 | 2 | λέγουσι δὲ οὐ τὰς αὐτὰς Λακεδαιμόνιοί τε αἰτίας καὶ Μεσσήνιοι τοῦ πολέμου. | During his reign the Lacedaemonians sent a colony to Italy, the one to Croton, and another colony to the Locri by the promontory of Zephyrium. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.10 | 1 | ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀπέθανεν Ἀναξανδρίδης, Λακεδαιμόνιοι Δωριέα καὶ γνώμην Κλεομένους καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον ἀμείνονα εἶναι νομίζοντες τὸν μὲν ἀπώσαντο ἄκοντες, Κλεομένει δὲ διδόασιν ἐκ τῶν νόμων πρεσβεῖα τὴν ἀρχήν. | After Anaxandrides died, the Lacedaemonians, although reluctantly rejecting Dorieus, since they judged Cleomenes to be superior in intelligence and more capable in warfare, awarded Cleomenes the authority of kingship according to their laws of seniority. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.2 | 1 | τὰ οὖν λεγόμενα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁποῖον ὁ πόλεμος ἔσχεν οὗτος πέρας, τοῦ λόγου μοι τὰ ἐφεξῆς δηλώσει· | The things said by them, then, and how the war came to an end, the narrative will clearly reveal in due order. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.2 | 2 | τοσοῦτον δὲ ἐν τῷ παρόντι μνησθησόμεθα αὐτῶν, τὰ πολλὰ ἡγήσασθαι Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ πρὸς Μεσσηνίους πολέμῳ Θεόπομπον τὸν Νικάνδρου, βασιλέα ὄντα τῆς ἑτέρας οἰκίας. | At present, we shall recall only this much about them: that during the earlier war against the Messenians, the Lacedaemonians were led for the most part by Theopompus, the son of Nicander, who was king from the other royal house. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.2 | 3 | διαπεπολεμημένου δὲ τοῦ πρὸς Μεσσήνην πολέμου καὶ ἤδη Λακεδαιμονίοις δορικτήτου τῆς Μεσσηνίας οὔσης, Πολύδωρον εὐδοκιμοῦντα ἐν Σπάρτῃ καὶ κατὰ γνώμην Λακεδαιμονίων μάλιστα ὄντα τῷ δήμῳ---οὔτε γὰρ ἔργον βίαιον οὔτε ὑβριστὴν λόγον παρείχετο ἐς οὐδένα, ἐν δὲ ταῖς κρίσεσι τὰ δίκαια ἐφύλασσεν οὐκ ἄνευ φιλανθρωπίας, ἔχοντος δὲ ἤδη Πολυδώρου λαμπρὸν | After the war against Messene had been brought to completion, and the Lacedaemonians already held Messenia by conquest, Polydorus was highly esteemed in Sparta and enjoyed the greatest favor among the people of Lacedaemon; for he neither ever committed an act of violence nor spoke insolently to anyone, and in his judgments he guarded justice without neglecting humanity. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.3 | 1 | ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὄνομα, Πολέμαρχος οἰκίας ἐν Λακεδαίμονι ἀνὴρ οὐκ ἀδόξου, θρασύτερος δὲ ὡς ἐδήλωσε γνώμην, φονεύει τὸν Πολύδωρον· | Throughout all Greece was known the name of Polemarchus, a man of no obscure family at Lacedaemon, who revealed the audacity of his character by murdering Polydorus. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.3 | 2 | ἀποθανόντι δὲ αὐτῷ πολλά τε παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίων δέδοται καὶ ἀξιόλογα ἐς τιμήν. | After Polydorus' death, great and distinguished honours were paid him by the Lacedaemonians. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.3 | 3 | ἔστι μέντοι καὶ Πολεμάρχου μνῆμα ἐν Σπάρτῃ, εἴτε ἀγαθοῦ τὰ πρότερα ἀνδρὸς εἶναι νομισθέντος εἴτε καὶ κρύφα οἱ προσήκοντες θάπτουσιν αὐτόν. | However, in Sparta there also stands the tomb of Polemarchus himself; whether because the Spartans considered him previously to have been a good man, or because his relatives secretly buried him there. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.4 | 1 | ἐπὶ μὲν δὴ Εὐρυκράτους τοῦ Πολυδώρου βασιλεύοντος Μεσσήνιοί τε ἠνείχοντο ὑπήκοοι Λακεδαιμονίων ὄντες καὶ παρὰ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Ἀργείων οὐδέν σφισιν ἀπήντησε νεώτερον· ἐπὶ δὲ Ἀναξάνδρου τοῦ Εὐρυκράτους---τὸ γὰρ χρεὼν ἤδη Μεσσηνίους ἤλαυνεν ἐκτὸς Πελοποννήσου πάσης---ἀφίστανται Λακεδαιμονίων οἱ Μεσσήνιοι. | During the reign of Eurycrates, the son of Polydorus, the Messenians submitted as subjects under the Lacedaemonians, and they experienced no new disturbances originating from the Argive people; but in the reign of Anaxander, the son of Eurycrates—for the fulfillment of destiny now drove the Messenians completely from the Peloponnese—they revolted against the Lacedaemonians. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.4 | 2 | καὶ χρόνον μὲν ἀντέσχον πολεμοῦντες· ὑπόσπονδοι δὲ ὡς ἐκρατήθησαν ἀπῄεσαν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου, τὸ δὲ αὐτῶν ἐγκαταλειφθὲν τῇ γῇ Λακεδαιμονίων ἐγένοντο οἰκέται πλὴν οἱ τὰ ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάσσῃ πολίσματα ἔχοντες. | For a time they endured in war; but when finally subdued under terms of treaty, they departed out of the Peloponnese, and those who remained behind became serfs upon the land belonging to the Lacedaemonians, except for those who occupied the small coastal towns. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.5 | 1 | τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου συμβάντα, ὃν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι Λακεδαιμονίων ἀποστάντες ἐπολέμησαν, οὔ μοι κατὰ καιρὸν ἦν ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ τῇ παρούσῃ δηλῶσαι· | What happened during the war waged by the Messenians when they revolted against the Lacedaemonians is not timely for me to relate in the present narrative. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.5 | 2 | Ἀναξάνδρου δὲ υἱὸς Εὐρυκράτης γίνεται, Εὐρυκράτους δὲ τοῦ δευτέρου Λέων. | Anaxander had a son named Eurycrates, and this second Eurycrates had a son Leon. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.5 | 3 | ἐπὶ τούτων βασιλευόντων Λακεδαιμόνιοι προσέπταιον ἐν τῷ πρὸς Τεγεάτας πολέμῳ τὰ πλείονα. | During the reign of these kings, the Lacedaemonians suffered frequent reverses in their war against the Tegeans. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.5 | 4 | ἐπὶ δὲ Ἀναξανδρίδου τοῦ Λέοντος ἐπικρατέστεροι Τεγεατῶν γίνονται τῷ πολέμῳ· | But under Anaxandridas, the son of Leon, they came to prevail over the Tegeans in war; | ? | ? |
| 3.3.5 | 5 | γίνονται δὲ οὕτως. | and this happened as follows: | ? | ? |
| 3.3.5 | 6 | ἀνὴρ Λακεδαιμόνιος Λίχας ὄνομα ἀφίκετο ἐς Τεγέαν· | A certain Lacedaemonian, named Lichas, arrived at Tegea. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.6 | 1 | τηνικαῦτα δὲ αἱ πόλεις ἄγουσαι σπονδὰς ἔτυχον. | At that time the cities happened to be observing a truce. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.6 | 2 | ἀφικομένου δὲ τοῦ Λίχα Ὀρέστου τὰ ὀστᾶ ἀνεζήτουν· ἀνεζήτουν δὲ αὐτὰ ἐκ θεοπροπίου Σπαρτιᾶται. | Upon his arrival, Lichas began searching for the bones of Orestes, a search initiated by the Spartans in response to an oracle. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.6 | 3 | συνῆκεν οὖν ὁ Λίχας ὡς ἔστι κατακείμενα ἐν οἰκίᾳ χαλκέως, συνῆκε δὲ οὕτως· ὁπόσα ἐν τῇ τοῦ χαλκέως ἑώρα, παρέβαλεν αὐτὰ πρὸς τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν μάντευμα, ἀνέμοις μὲν τοῦ χαλκέως εἰκάζων τὰς φύσας, ὅτι καὶ αὐταὶ βίαιον πνεῦμα ἠφίεσαν, τύπον δὲ τὴν σφῦραν καὶ τὸν ἄκμονα ἀντίτυπον ταύτῃ, | Lichas understood that the bones lay buried in a smith's house, and he reasoned in this manner: he related all he saw in the smith's dwelling to the oracle from Delphi, interpreting the smith's bellows as the "winds," since they emitted a powerful blast of air; the hammer he took as the "blow" and the anvil as the object struck. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.6 | 4 | πῆμα δὲ εἰκότως ἀνθρώπῳ τὸν σίδηρον, ὅτι ἐχρῶντο ἐς τὰς μάχας ἤδη τῷ σιδήρῳ· | The iron, he reasoned, naturally represented "harm to man," for people had already begun using iron in battles. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.6 | 5 | τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἡρώων καλουμένων ἂν εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς ἀνθρώπῳ πῆμα εἶναι τὸν χαλκόν. | Had the oracle referred to the age of heroes, the god would surely have called bronze, not iron, the metal harmful to humankind. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.7 | 1 | τῷ χρησμῷ δὲ τῷ γενομένῳ Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐς τοῦ Ὀρέστου τὰ ὀστᾶ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις ὕστερον ἐοικότα ἐχρήσθη κατάγουσιν ἐς Ἀθήνας ἐκ Σκύρου Θησέα, ἄλλως δὲ οὐκ εἶναί σφισιν ἑλεῖν Σκῦρον· | The oracle which later came to the Athenians concerning Theseus was similar to the earlier oracle given to the Lacedaemonians about the bones of Orestes, and it stated that if they brought back Theseus from Scyros to Athens, only then would they be able to take Scyros. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.7 | 2 | ἀνεῦρε δὲ δὴ τὰ ὀστᾶ τοῦ Θησέως Κίμων ὁ Μιλτιάδου, σοφίᾳ χρησάμενος καὶ οὗτος, καὶ μετʼ οὐ πολὺ εἷλε τὴν Σκῦρον. | Cimon, son of Miltiades, discovered the bones of Theseus by employing cleverness, and soon afterward he succeeded in capturing Scyros. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.8 | 1 | ὅτι δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἡρώων τὰ ὅπλα ὁμοίως χαλκᾶ ἦν πάντα, μαρτυρεῖ μοι καὶ Ὁμήρου τῶν ἐπῶν τὰ ἔς τε ἀξίνην ἔχοντα τὴν Πεισάνδρου καὶ ἐς τοῦ Μηριόνου τὸν ὀιστόν. | That in the time of the heroes all armor was likewise made entirely of bronze is attested for me also by Homer's verses concerning both the axe of Peisandros and the arrow of Meriones. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.8 | 2 | βεβαιοῖ δὲ καὶ ἄλλως μοι τὸν λόγον ἐν Φασήλιδι ἀνακείμενον ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερῷ τὸ δόρυ Ἀχιλλέως καὶ Νικομηδεῦσιν ἐν Ἀσκληπιοῦ ναῷ μάχαιρα ὁ Μέμνονος· καὶ τοῦ μὲν ἥ τε αἰχμὴ καὶ ὁ σαυρωτήρ, ἡ μάχαιρα δὲ καὶ διὰ πάσης χαλκοῦ πεποίηται. | Furthermore, my assertion is confirmed by the spear of Achilles preserved in the sanctuary of Athena at Phaselis, and the sword of Memnon in the temple of Asclepius among the Nicomedians; the spear-point and butt-spike of the former, and indeed the entire sword, are fashioned entirely of bronze. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.9 | 1 | ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἴσμεν ἔχοντα οὕτως· | These things we indeed know stand thus. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.9 | 2 | Ἀναξανδρίδης δὲ ὁ Λέοντος Λακεδαιμονίων μόνος γυναῖκάς τε δύο ἅμα ἔσχε καὶ οἰκίας δύο ἅμα ᾤκησε. | Anaxandridas, son of Leon, alone among the Lacedaemonians kept two wives at the same time and maintained two households simultaneously. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.9 | 3 | τὴν γάρ οἱ πρότερον συνοικοῦσαν ἀρίστην τὰ ἄλλα οὖσαν συνέβαινεν οὐ τίκτειν· | For his former wife, although excellent in all other ways, had not borne him any children. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.9 | 4 | ἀποπέμψασθαι δὲ αὐτὴν κελευόντων τῶν ἐφόρων τοῦτο μὲν οὐδαμῶς ἐπαγγέλλεται, τοσοῦτον δέ σφισιν εἴκει γυναῖκα ἑτέραν λαβεῖν πρὸς ταύτῃ. | The ephors urged him to divorce her, but he firmly refused this request, granting them only so much concession as to take another wife in addition to her. | ? | ? |
| 3.3.9 | 5 | καὶ ἥ τε ἐπεισελθοῦσα Κλεομένην παῖδα ἔσχε καὶ ἡ προτέρα τέως οὐ σχοῦσα ἐν γαστρὶ ἐπὶ γεγονότι ἤδη Κλεομένει τίκτει Δωριέα καὶ αὖθις Λεωνίδαν, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Κλεόμβροτον. | The second woman he married conceived and bore Cleomenes; shortly afterwards, the first wife, who had previously been barren, herself bore him Dorieus, and later Leonidas, and after them Cleombrotus. | ? | ? |