Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.4.1 | 1 | Δωριεὺς μὲν δὴ---οὐ γὰρ ἠνείχετο ὑπακούειν Κλεομένει μένων ἐν Λακεδαίμονι---ἐς ἀποικίαν στέλλεται· | Dorieus—since he could not endure to be subject to Cleomenes by remaining in Lacedaemon—departed to establish a colony. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.1 | 2 | Κλεομένης δὲ ὡς ἐβασίλευσεν, αὐτίκα ἐσέβαλεν ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα, Λακεδαιμονίων τε αὐτῶν ἀθροίσας καὶ τῶν συμμάχων στρατιάν. | Cleomenes, however, as soon as he came to the throne, immediately invaded Argolis, gathering an army from both the Spartans themselves and their allies. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.1 | 3 | ὡς δὲ ἐπεξῆλθον οἱ Ἀργεῖοι σὺν ὅπλοις, ὁ Κλεομένης ἐνίκα τῇ μάχῃ· | When the Argives came forth armed against him, Cleomenes defeated them in battle. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.1 | 4 | καὶ ---ἦν γὰρ πλησίον ἄλσος ἱερὸν Ἄργου τοῦ Νιόβης--- καταφεύγουσιν ὡς ἐτράποντο ὅσον τε πεντακισχίλιοι τῶν Ἀργείων ἐς τὸ ἄλσος. | Nearby was a grove sacred to Argus, son of Niobe, and about five thousand of the Argives fled into this grove after their defeat. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.1 | 5 | Κλεομένης δὲ---ἐξώρμει γὰρ τὰ πολλὰ ἐκ τοῦ νοῦ---κελεύει καὶ τότε ἐνεῖναι πῦρ τοῖς εἵλωσιν ἐς τὸ ἄλσος, καὶ τό τε ἄλσος ἡ φλὸξ ἐπέλαβεν ἅπαν καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ ἄλσει καιομένῳ συγκατεκαύθησαν αὖθις οἱ ἱκέται. | Then Cleomenes, who frequently acted from rash impulse, ordered the Helots at that time also to set fire to the grove; thus, the flames overtook the entire grove, and along with its burning the suppliants within it all perished together. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.10 | 1 | ἐπεὶ δὲ Πλαταιᾶσι Μαρδόνιός τε ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ ἀπώλοντο οἱ βάρβαροι, τὴν γυναῖκα ὁ Παυσανίας ἀπέστειλεν ἐς τὴν Κῶν κόσμον τε ὃν ἐποιήσατο ὁ Πέρσης αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἀγομένην κατασκευήν. | When Mardonius fell in battle at Plataea and the barbarians were defeated, Pausanias sent the woman to Cos along with the jewelry which the Persian had made for her and all other belongings she possessed. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.10 | 2 | Μαρδονίου τε οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ὁ Παυσανίας αἰσχῦναι τὸν νεκρὸν κατὰ τὴν παραίνεσιν τοῦ Αἰγινήτου Λάμπωνος. | Pausanias also refused to dishonor the corpse of Mardonius, despite the suggestion made by Lampon of Aegina. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.2 | 1 | ἐστράτευσε δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀθήνας, τὸ μὲν πρότερον Ἀθηναίοις τε ἐλευθερίαν ἀπὸ τῶν Πεισιστράτου παίδων καὶ αὑτῷ καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις δόξαν ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἀγαθὴν κτώμενος, ὕστερον δὲ Ἀθηναίου χάριτι ἀνδρὸς Ἰσαγόρου τυραννίδα οἱ συγκατεργασόμενος Ἀθηνῶν. | He also made war upon Athens: the first time, winning freedom for the Athenians from the sons of Peisistratus and gaining thereby high esteem among the Greeks for himself and for the Lacedaemonians; later, however, he went again, collaborating with the Athenian Isagoras to impose tyranny upon Athens. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.2 | 2 | ὡς δὲ ἡμάρτανε τῆς ἐλπίδος καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι περὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἐμαχέσαντο ἐρρωμένως, ἐνταῦθα ὁ Κλεομένης ἄλλα τε ἐδῄωσε τῆς χώρας καὶ τῆς καλουμένης Ὀργάδος θεῶν τε τῶν ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι ἱερᾶς, καὶ ταύτης τεμεῖν φασιν αὐτόν. | But when his hopes failed and the Athenians resolutely fought for their freedom, Cleomenes devastated parts of their land, including the district known as Orgas sacred to the deities of Eleusis; it is said he even cut down this grove. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.2 | 3 | ἀφίκετο δὲ καὶ ἐς Αἴγιναν, καὶ Αἰγινητῶν τοὺς δυνατοὺς συνελάμβανεν ὅσοι μηδισμοῦ τε αὐτῶν μετέσχον καὶ βασιλεῖ Δαρείῳ τῷ Ὑστάσπου γῆν δοῦναι καὶ ὕδωρ τοὺς πολίτας ἔπεισαν. | He also sailed to Aegina and arrested the leading men among the Aeginetans who had been party to the Medizing faction and had persuaded their fellow citizens to give earth and water to King Darius, son of Hystaspes. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.3 | 1 | διατρίβοντος δὲ ἐν Αἰγίνῃ Κλεομένους Δημάρατος ὁ τῆς οἰκίας βασιλεὺς τῆς ἑτέρας διέβαλλεν αὐτὸν ἐς τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ πλῆθος· | While Cleomenes was spending time in Aegina, Demaratus, the king from the other royal house, began maligning him among the populace of the Lacedaemonians. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.3 | 2 | Κλεομένης δὲ ὡς ἀνέστρεψεν ἐξ Αἰγίνης, ἔπρασσεν ὅπως Δημάρατον παύσειε βασιλεύοντα, καὶ τήν τε ἐν Δελφοῖς πρόμαντιν ὠνήσατο, Λακεδαιμονίοις αὐτὴν ὁπόσα αὐτὸς ἐδίδασκεν ἐς Δημάρατον χρῆσαι, καὶ Λεωτυχίδην ἄνδρα τοῦ βασιλικοῦ γένους καὶ οἰκίας Δημαράτῳ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐπῆρεν ἀμφισβητεῖν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρχῆς. | When Cleomenes returned from Aegina, he sought to depose Demaratus from kingship, and he bribed the prophetess at Delphi to deliver oracles against Demaratus to the Lacedaemonians, precisely in accordance with his own instructions. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.4 | 1 | εἴχετο δὲ Λεωτυχίδης λόγων οὓς Ἀρίστων ποτὲ ἐς Δημάρατον τεχθέντα ἐξέβαλεν ὑπὸ ἀμαθίας οὐχ αὑτοῦ παῖδα εἶναι φήσας. | Leotychides based his arguments on words once spoken by Ariston, who had disowned Demaratus at his birth, due to ignorance asserting that he was not his own son. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.4 | 2 | τότε δὲ οἱ μὲν ἐς τὸ χρηστήριον οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς, ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα εἰώθεσαν, ἀνάγουσι καὶ τὸ ἀμφισβήτημα τὸ ὑπὲρ Δημαράτου· ἡ δέ σφισιν ἔχρησεν ἡ πρόμαντις ὁπόσα ἦν Κλεομένει κατὰ γνώμην. | At that time, the Lacedaemonians, as was their usual practice in all other matters, brought this controversy concerning Demaratus as well before the oracle at Delphi; and the priestess gave them an answer which corresponded exactly to the wishes of Cleomenes. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.5 | 1 | Δημάρατος μὲν δὴ κατὰ ἔχθος τὸ Κλεομένους καὶ οὐ σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ βασιλείας ἐπαύθη, Κλεομένην δὲ ὕστερον τούτων ἐπέλαβεν ἡ τελευτὴ μανέντα· | Demaratus was indeed deprived of his kingship through the hatred of Cleomenes, and not according to justice; Cleomenes himself, afterward, met his end through madness. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.5 | 2 | ὡς γὰρ δὴ ἐλάβετο ξίφους, ἐτίτρωσκεν αὐτὸς αὑτὸν καὶ διεξῄει τὸ σῶμα ἅπαν κόπτων τε καὶ λυμαινόμενος. | For, having grasped his sword, he wounded himself, mutilating and hacking all parts of his body. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.5 | 3 | Ἀργεῖοι μὲν δὴ τοῖς ἱκέταις τοῦ Ἄργου διδόντα αὐτὸν δίκην τέλος τοῦ βίου φασὶν εὑρέσθαι τοιοῦτον, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ ὅτι ἐδῄωσε τὴν Ὀργάδα, Δελφοὶ δὲ τῶν δώρων ἕνεκα ὧν τῇ προμάντιδι ἔδωκεν, ἀναπείσας ἐψευσμένα εἰπεῖν ἐς Δημάρατον. | The Argives say his life met such an end because he was thus paying the penalty for the suppliants from Argos; the Athenians say it was because he devastated Orgas; and the Delphians declare it was owing to the gifts he gave the priestess, persuading her to give false oracles about Demaratus. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.6 | 1 | εἴη δʼ ἂν καὶ τὰ μηνίματα ἔκ τε ἡρώων ὁμοῦ καὶ θεῶν ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ τῷ Κλεομένει συνεληλυθότα, ἐπεί τοι καὶ ἰδίᾳ Πρωτεσίλαος ἐν Ἐλαιοῦντι οὐδὲν ἥρως Ἄργου φανερώτερος ἄνδρα Πέρσην ἐτιμωρήσατο Ἀρταΰκτην καὶ Μεγαρεῦσιν οὔ ποτε θεῶν τῶν ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι ὄντων ἐξεγένετο ἱλάσασθαι τὸ μήνιμα γῆν ἐπεργασαμένοις τὴν ἱεράν. | Indeed, it may well be that the resentments of heroes and gods alike converged together upon Cleomenes. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.6 | 2 | τὰ δὲ ἐς τοῦ μαντείου τὴν διάπειραν οὐδὲ τὸ παράπαν ἄλλον γε οὐδένα ὅτι μὴ μόνον Κλεομένην τολμήσαντα ἴσμεν. | Certainly we know that Protesilaus, a hero in Elaeus, who was not more renowned than Argos, individually exacted vengeance upon Artayctes, a Persian, nor did it ever happen for the Megarians to appease the anger of the Eleusinian divinities after they had cultivated sacred ground. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.7 | 1 | Κλεομένει δὲ οὐκ ὄντων ἀρρένων παίδων ἐς Λεωνίδαν τὸν Ἀναξανδρίδου, Δωριέως δὲ ἀπʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἀδελφόν, κατέβαινεν ἡ ἀρχή. | Since Cleomenes had no male children, the rule descended to Leonidas, son of Anaxandrides, the brother of Dorieus on both sides. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.7 | 2 | καὶ Ξέρξης τε τηνικαῦτα ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἤγαγε τὸν λαὸν καὶ Λεωνίδας τριακοσίοις ὁμοῦ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀπήντησεν ἐς Θερμοπύλας. | It was at this time that Xerxes led his army against Greece, and Leonidas faced him at Thermopylae along with three hundred Lacedaemonians. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.7 | 3 | γεγόνασι μὲν δὴ πόλεμοι καὶ Ἑλλήνων πολλοὶ καὶ ἐς ἀλλήλους βαρβάρων, εὐαρίθμητοι δὲ ὁπόσους ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς μάλιστα ἀρετὴ προήγαγεν ἐς πλέον δόξης, ὡς Ἀχιλλεύς τε τὸν πρὸς Ἰλίῳ πόλεμον καὶ Μιλτιάδης τὸ Μαραθῶνι ἔργον. | Indeed, there have been many wars among Greeks themselves and also against barbarians, but few can be counted in which the valor of a single man has achieved such high renown, as Achilles in the war against Troy, and Miltiades at Marathon. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.7 | 4 | ἀλλὰ γὰρ τὸ Λεωνίδου κατόρθωμα ὑπερεβάλετο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τά τε ἀνὰ χρόνον συμβάντα καὶ τὰ ἔτι πρότερον. | Yet, to my mind, Leonidas's deed surpasses all that occurred in later times as well as those that came before. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.8 | 1 | Ξέρξῃ γὰρ βασιλέων, ὁπόσοι Μήδοις καὶ Πέρσαις ἐγένοντο ὕστερον, παρασχομένῳ μέγιστον φρόνημα καὶ ἀποδειξαμένῳ λαμπρὰ οὕτω, κατὰ τὴν πορείαν Λεωνίδας σὺν ὀλίγοις, οὓς ἠγάγετο ἐς Θερμοπύλας, ἐγένετο ἂν ἐμποδὼν μηδὲ ἀρχὴν τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν μηδὲ Ἀθηναίων ποτὲ ἐμπρῆσαι τὴν πόλιν, εἰ μὴ κατὰ τὴν ἀτραπὸν τὴν διὰ τῆς Οἴτης τείνουσαν περιαγαγὼν τὴν μετὰ Ὑδάρνου στρατιὰν ὁ Τραχίνιος κυκλώσασθαί σφισι τοὺς Ἕλληνας παρέσχε καὶ οὕτω κατεργασθέντος Λεωνίδου παρῆλθον ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα οἱ βάρβαροι. | For Xerxes, whose pride exceeded that of all kings who subsequently ruled the Medes and the Persians, and whose exploits displayed such remarkable brilliance, Leonidas, with the small band he led to Thermopylae, would have effectively barred his march, preventing him from even seeing Greece at all or ever setting fire to the city of the Athenians—if only the Trachinian had not guided the troops led by Hydarnes along the narrow path running through Oeta, thus enabling the Persians to encircle the Greeks and thereby overcome Leonidas, after whose defeat the barbarians gained entrance into Greece. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.9 | 1 | Παυσανίας δὲ ὁ Κλεομβρότου βασιλεὺς μὲν οὐκ ἐγένετο· | Pausanias, son of Cleombrotus, did not become king; rather, he acted as regent for Pleistarchus, the son of Leonidas, who had been left still a child. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.9 | 2 | ἐπιτροπεύων γὰρ Πλείσταρχον τὸν Λεωνίδου καταλειφθέντα ἔτι παῖδα ἐς Πλάταιάν τε Λακεδαιμονίους ἤγαγε καὶ ὕστερον ναυσὶν ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον. | He led the Lacedaemonians to Plataea and later sailed with them in ships to the Hellespont. | ? | ? |
| 3.4.9 | 3 | Παυσανίου δὲ τὸ ἔργον τὸ ἐς τὴν Κῴαν γυναῖκα ἐν ἐπαίνῳ τίθεμαι μάλιστα, ἥντινα ἀνδρὸς οὐκ ἀδόξου παρὰ Κῴοις θυγατέρα οὖσαν Ἡγητορίδου τοῦ Ἀνταγόρου Φαρανδάτης ὁ Τεάσπιδος, ἀνὴρ Πέρσης, παλλακὴν εἶχεν ἄκουσαν· | Among the acts of Pausanias, I particularly commend the noble deed concerning the woman of Cos: she was a daughter of Hegetorides, son of Antagoras, a man not without distinction among the Coans, and she had been taken forcibly as a concubine by Pharandates, son of Teaspis, a Persian. | ? | ? |