Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.10.1 | 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἀκούσαντες τὸν γενόμενον Μεσσηνίοις χρησμὸν ἀθύμως διέκειντο καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἔς τε τὰ λοιπὰ καὶ ἄρχειν ὀκνοῦντες μάχης. | When the Lacedaemonians heard of the oracle given to the Messenians, both they themselves and their kings became disheartened regarding the future and grew hesitant to offer battle. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.1 | 2 | ἔτει δὲ ἕκτῳ μετὰ τὸν ἐξ Ἰθώμης Λυκίσκου δρασμὸν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι---τὰ γὰρ ἱερὰ ἐγίνετο αὐτοῖς αἴσια ---στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰθώμην· | But in the sixth year after Lyciscus had escaped from Ithome, the Lacedaemonians—since the omens from their sacrifices had become favorable—marched against Ithome. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.1 | 3 | οἱ δὲ Κρῆτες οὐκέτι παρόντες σφίσιν ἔτυχον. | The Cretans, however, were no longer there to assist them. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.1 | 4 | ὑστέρησαν δὲ καὶ οἱ τῶν Μεσσηνίων σύμμαχοι---διʼ ὑποψίας γὰρ οἱ Σπαρτιᾶται καὶ ἄλλοις ἤδη Πελοποννησίων καὶ Ἀρκάσιν ἦσαν καὶ Ἀργείοις μάλιστα---καὶ οἱ μὲν Ἀργεῖοι κρύφα ἔμελλον τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀφίξεσθαι καὶ ἰδίᾳ δὴ μᾶλλον ἢ μετὰ δόγματος κοινοῦ, τοῖς δὲ Ἀρκάσιν ἡ στρατεία μὲν ἀνείρητο ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, παρέτυχον δὲ οὐδʼ οὗτοι. | And now the allies of the Messenians also fell away, as the Spartans had become suspicious not only of certain other Peloponnesians but especially of the Arcadians and Argives; the Argives intended secretly to withdraw from the Spartans, planning to act on their own initiative rather than according to a common decision, while as for the Arcadians, though their participation had been openly announced, even they did not present themselves for battle. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.1 | 5 | τοὺς γὰρ Μεσσηνίους καὶ ἄνευ συμμάχων κινδυνεῦσαι προήγαγεν ἡ δόξα τοῦ χρησμοῦ. | Thus, it was the reputation of the oracle itself that emboldened the Messenians to risk combat even without allies. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.2 | 1 | τὰ μὲν οὖν πολλὰ οὐδέν τι ἐγένετο διάφορα ἢ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς προτέρας μάχης, ἥ τε ἡμέρα καὶ τότε μαχομένους προαπέλιπεν· | For the most part the events differed little from the previous battle, and this day too ended with the combatants still fighting. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.2 | 2 | οὐ μέντοι βιασθῆναί γε οὐδέτερον κέρας ἢ καὶ λόχον μνημονεύουσιν, ἐπεὶ μηδὲ τὴν τάξιν, ὡς ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ἐτάχθησαν, συμμεῖναί φασιν, ἀλλʼ ἀφʼ ἑκατέρων τοὺς ἀρίστους συνελθόντας ἐς τὸ μεσαίτατον ἐνταῦθα τὸν πάντα ἔχειν πόνον. | However, they record that neither wing nor formation was forced back, since indeed the original order of battle was not maintained; instead, the best warriors from both sides came together in the center, and it was there that the entire struggle took place. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.3 | 1 | ὁ γὰρ Εὐφαὴς πλέον τι ἢ βασιλέα εἰκὸς ἦν προθυμούμενος καὶ ἀφειδῶς τοῖς περὶ τὸν Θεόπομπον ἐγκείμενος τραύματα τε πολλά τε καὶ οὐκ ἰάσιμα λαμβάνει· | For Euphaes, who fought more zealously than was fitting even for a king, attacking recklessly those around Theopompus, received many wounds, which were severe and incurable. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.3 | 2 | λιποψυχήσαντα δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ πεσόντα οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ὀλίγον ὅμως ἐμπνέοντα ἐποιοῦντο παρʼ αὑτοὺς ἑλκύσαι σπουδήν. | When he finally lost strength and fell, the Lacedaemonians attempted in haste to drag him toward themselves while he still breathed slightly. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.3 | 3 | ἐπήγειρε δὲ καὶ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἥ τε ἐς τὸν Εὐφαῆ προϋπάρχουσα εὔνοια καὶ τὰ ὀνείδη τὰ μέλλοντα· | But the Messenians were roused both by the good-will they previously bore to Euphaes and by the shame they would incur if they failed: | ? | ? |
| 4.10.3 | 4 | φονευομένοις τε ὑπὲρ τοῦ βασιλέως ἄμεινόν σφισιν ἐφαίνετο προΐεσθαι τὰς ψυχὰς ἢ ἐκεῖνον προεμένων ἀποσωθῆναί τινα. | it seemed preferable to them to lose their lives fighting for their king rather than to permit his capture and afterward save themselves. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.4 | 1 | τότε μὲν δὴ πεσὼν ὁ Εὐφαὴς τήν τε μάχην ἐπεμήκυνε καὶ προήγαγεν ἐς πλέον παρὰ ἑκατέρων τὰ τολμήματα· | Then indeed, Euphaes, having fallen, prolonged the battle and increased the daring deeds on both sides even further. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.4 | 2 | ὕστερον δὲ ἀνήνεγκε μὲν καὶ ᾔσθετο ὅτι οὐκ ἔλαττον ἐσχήκασιν ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ, ἡμέραις δὲ οὐ πολλαῖς ἀποθνήσκει, βασιλεύσας Μεσσηνίων τρία ἔτη καὶ δέκα καὶ πολεμήσας Λακεδαιμονίοις τὸν πάντα τῆς βασιλείας χρόνον. | Afterwards, he recovered enough to realize clearly that they had fared no worse in the encounter, yet within a few days he died, having ruled the Messenians for thirteen years and having fought against the Lacedaemonians throughout his entire reign. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.5 | 1 | Εὐφαεῖ δὲ οὐκ ὄντων παίδων τὸν αἱρεθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου κατελείπετο ἔχειν τὴν ἀρχήν, Κλέοννίς τε καὶ Δᾶμις ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν Ἀριστοδήμῳ προῆλθον, τά τε ἄλλα καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον διαφέρειν νομιζόμενοι· | Since Euphaes had no children, the one chosen by the people was destined to succeed to the throne; however, Cleonnis and Damis came forward disputing the right of Aristodemus, claiming superiority especially in matters related to warfare. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.5 | 2 | τὸν δὲ Ἄντανδρον οἱ πολέμιοι κατειργάσαντο ἐν τῇ μάχῃ προκινδυνεύοντα Εὐφαοῦς. | But the enemy killed Antandros, the son of Euphaes, as he took risks in battle ahead of others. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.5 | 3 | ἦσαν δὲ καὶ τῶν μάντεων αἱ γνῶμαι κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἀμφοτέρων, Ἐπηβόλου καὶ Ὀφιονέως, μὴ σφᾶς ἀνδρὶ ἐναγεῖ καὶ θυγατρὸς μίασμα ἐπικειμένῳ δοῦναι τὴν Αἰπύτου καὶ τῶν ἀπογόνων τιμήν· | And the opinions of both the seers, Epebolus and Ophioneus, agreed on the same point—that the people must not entrust to Aristodemus the honor of Aepytus and his descendants, as he was under a curse and stained by the pollution incurred through his daughter. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.6 | 1 | ᾑρέθη δὲ ὅμως καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀριστόδημος. | Nevertheless, Aristodemus was chosen and became king. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.6 | 2 | ὁ δὲ Ὀφιονεὺς οὗτος ὁ τῶν Μεσσηνίων μάντις τυφλὸς ὢν εὐθὺς ἐκ γενετῆς μαντικήν τινα εἶχε τοιαύτην· πυνθανόμενος τὰ γινόμενα ἑκάστοις ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ ἐν κοινῷ προέλεγεν οὕτω τὰ μέλλοντα. | Ophioneus, the prophet of the Messenians, who had been blind from birth, possessed an extraordinary mode of divination: upon inquiring into current events, both matters concerning individuals privately and affairs of the state, he was thus able to foretell accurately what was to come. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.6 | 3 | οὗτος μὲν τρόπον ἐμαντεύετο τὸν εἰρημένον, Ἀριστόδημος δὲ βασιλεύσας τῷ τε δήμῳ διέμεινε τὰ εἰκότα χαρίζεσθαι προθυμούμενος καὶ τοὺς ἐν τέλει τούς τε ἄλλους καὶ μάλιστα Κλέοννιν καὶ Δᾶμιν ἦγεν ἐν τιμῇ· διὰ θεραπείας δὲ εἶχε καὶ τὰ τῶν συμμάχων, Ἀρκάδων τε τοῖς δυνατοῖς καὶ ἐς Ἄργος καὶ Σικυῶνα ἀποστέλλων δῶρα. | Such was Ophioneus' manner of prophecy. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.7 | 1 | τὸν δὲ πόλεμον ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀριστοδήμου βασιλείας ἐπολέμουν λῃστείαις τε κατʼ ὀλίγους ἀεὶ καὶ περὶ τὴν ὡραίαν καταδρομαῖς ἐς τὴν ἀλλήλων χρώμενοι, συνεσέβαλλον δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῶν Ἀρκάδων τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις ἐς τὴν Λακωνικήν· | During the reign of Aristodemus, warfare consisted of continual raiding in small bands upon one another and incursions into each other's territories around harvest-time. | ? | ? |
| 4.10.7 | 2 | Ἀργεῖοι δὲ προαναφῆναι μὲν τὸ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἔχθος οὐκ ἠξίουν, γινομένου δὲ ἀγῶνος παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς μεθέξοντες. | The Messenians also made joint invasions into Laconia, supported by contingents from the Arcadians. | ? | ? |