Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.14.1 | 1 | Μεσσηνίων δὲ ὅσοις μὲν ἔτυχον ἐν Σικυῶνι οὖσαι καὶ ἐν Ἄργει προξενίαι καὶ παρὰ τῶν Ἀρκάδων τισίν, οὗτοι μὲν ἐς ταύτας τὰς πόλεις ἀπεχώρησαν, ἐς Ἐλευσῖνα δὲ οἱ τοῦ γένους τῶν ἱερέων καὶ θεαῖς ταῖς Μεγάλαις τελοῦντες τὰ ὄργια· | Those of the Messenians who happened to have proxenies at Sicyon and Argos, as well as some among the Arcadians, withdrew to those cities; while to Eleusis withdrew those of the priestly lineage and those who performed the rites for the Great Goddesses. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.1 | 2 | ὁ δὲ ὄχλος ὁ πολὺς κατὰ τὰς πατρίδας ἕκαστοι τὰς ἀρχαίας ἐσκεδάσθησαν. | The majority of the populace scattered, each group returning to their own ancestral homelands. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.2 | 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ πρῶτα μὲν τὴν Ἰθώμην καθεῖλον ἐς ἔδαφος, ἔπειτα καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς πόλεις ἐπιόντες ᾕρουν. | The Lacedaemonians first razed Ithome to the ground, and afterward attacked and captured the remaining cities. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.2 | 2 | ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν λαφύρων τῷ Ἀμυκλαίῳ τρίποδας χαλκοῦς· | From the spoils they dedicated bronze tripods at Amyclae. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.2 | 3 | Ἀφροδίτης ἄγαλμά ἐστιν ἑστηκὸς ὑπὸ τῷ τρίποδι τῷ πρώτῳ, Ἀρτέμιδος δὲ ὑπὸ τῷ δευτέρῳ, Κόρης δὲ ἢ Δήμητρος ὑπὸ τῷ τρίτῳ. | Beneath the first tripod stands a statue of Aphrodite, beneath the second Artemis, and beneath the third either Kore or Demeter. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.3 | 1 | ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἀνέθεσαν ἐνταῦθα. | These votive offerings, indeed, they set up there. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.3 | 2 | τῆς δὲ γῆς τῆς Μεσσηνίας Ἀσιναίοις μὲν ἀνεστηκόσιν ὑπὸ Ἀργείων διδόασιν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ ταύτην ἣν καὶ νῦν ἔτι οἱ Ἀσιναῖοι νέμονται· | But concerning the land of Messenia, to the people of Asine, expelled by the Argives, they granted the coastal territory which even now the Asinaeans inhabit. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.3 | 3 | τοῖς δὲ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀπογόνοις---ἦν γὰρ δὴ καὶ θυγάτηρ Ἀνδροκλεῖ καὶ παῖδες τῆς θυγατρός, φεύγοντες δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ Ἀνδροκλέους ᾤχοντο ἐς Σπάρτην--- τούτοις τὴν Ὑαμίαν καλουμένην ἀπονέμουσι. | As for the descendants of Androcles—for Androcles had a daughter whose sons, after their mother's departure, at the death of Androcles fled into Sparta—to these descendants they granted a land called Hyamia. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.4 | 1 | τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτοὺς Μεσσηνίους παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίων ἔσχεν οὕτως. | The conditions imposed upon the Messenians by the Lacedaemonians were as follows. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.4 | 2 | πρῶτον μὲν αὐτοῖς ἐπάγουσιν ὅρκον μήτε ἀποστῆναί ποτε ἀπʼ αὐτῶν μήτε ἄλλο ἐργάσασθαι νεώτερον μηδέν· | First, they compelled them under oath never to revolt against them nor undertake any revolutionary action whatsoever. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.4 | 3 | δεύτερα δὲ φόρον μὲν οὐδένα ἐπέταξαν εἰρημένον, οἳ δὲ τῶν γεωργουμένων τροφῶν σφισιν ἀπέφερον ἐς Σπάρτην πάντων τὰ ἡμίσεα. | Second, although they prescribed no fixed tribute, the Messenians were to deliver half of all the produce yielded by their cultivated lands into Sparta. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.4 | 4 | προείρητο δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς ἐκφορὰς τῶν βασιλέων καὶ ἄλλων τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ ἄνδρας ἐκ τῆς Μεσσηνίας καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας ἐν ἐσθῆτι ἥκειν μελαίνῃ· | Furthermore, it was also decreed that, at the funerals of kings and other officials, men and women from Messenia must attend dressed in black clothing. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.4 | 5 | καὶ τοῖς παραβᾶσιν ἐπέκειτο ποινή. | And those who violated these conditions were subject to punishment. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.5 | 1 | ἐς τιμωρίας δὲ ἃς ὕβριζον ἐς τοὺς Μεσσηνίους, Τυρταίῳ πεποιημένα ἐστὶν. | Regarding the punishments and outrages they inflicted upon the Messenians, the following verses composed by Tyrtaeus exist: | ? | ? |
| 4.14.5 | 2 | ὥσπερ ὄνοι μεγάλοις ἄχθεσι τειρόμενοι, δεσποσύνοισι φέροντες ἀναγκαίης ὑπὸ λυγρῆς ἥμισυ πᾶν ὅσσων καρπὸν ἄρουρα φέρει. | "Like asses oppressed by great burdens, under harsh necessity, they bore to their masters half of all that the land yields as fruit." | ? | ? |
| 4.14.5 | 3 | ὅτι δὲ καὶ συμπενθεῖν ἔκειτο αὐτοῖς ἀνάγκη, δεδήλωκεν ἐν τῷδε. | And that they were compelled even to join in mourning with their masters, he makes clear in these lines also: | ? | ? |
| 4.14.5 | 4 | δεσπότας οἰμώζοντες, ὁμῶς ἄλοχοί τε καὶ αὐτοί, εὖτέ τινʼ οὐλομένη μοῖρα κίχοι θανάτου. | "Lamenting their lords, along with their own wives, whenever destructive fate brought death upon any." | ? | ? |
| 4.14.6 | 1 | τοιούτων οὖν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι κατειληφότων καὶ ἅμα ἐς τὰ μέλλοντα οὐδὲν ἐνορῶντες παρὰ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων φιλάνθρωπον, πρό τε δὴ τῶν παρόντων τεθνάναι μαχομένους ἢ καὶ τὸ παράπαν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου φεύγοντας οἴχεσθαι νομίζοντες αἱρετώτερα, ἀφίστασθαι πάντως ἐγίνωσκον. | Since the Messenians had come to such desperate circumstances, and at the same time could foresee nothing humane from the Lacedaemonians in the future, they judged altogether preferable either to die fighting in immediate resistance or even to abandon the Peloponnese entirely. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.6 | 2 | ἐνῆγον δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐς τοῦτο καὶ οἱ νεώτεροι, πολέμου μὲν ἔτι ἀπείρως ἔχοντες, λαμπροὶ δὲ ὄντες τὰ φρονήματα καὶ ἀποθανεῖν προτιμῶντες ἐν ἐλευθέρᾳ τῇ πατρίδι, εἰ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα εὐδαιμόνως δουλεύειν παρείη. | Consequently, they firmly resolved upon revolt. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.7 | 1 | ἐπετράφη δὲ νεότης καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τῆς Μεσσηνίας, οἱ δὲ ἄριστοι καὶ ἀριθμὸν πλεῖστοι περὶ τὴν Ἀνδανίαν, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ Ἀριστομένης, ὃς καὶ νῦν ἔτι ὡς ἥρως ἔχει παρὰ Μεσσηνίοις τιμάς. | Elsewhere too within Messenia the young men were entrusted with responsibilities, but the best and the greatest in numbers were stationed around Andania. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.7 | 2 | καί οἱ καὶ τὰ τῆς γενέσεως ἐπιφανέστερα ὑπάρξαι νομίζουσι· Νικοτελείᾳ γὰρ τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ δαίμονα ἢ θεὸν δράκοντι εἰκασμένον συγγενέσθαι λέγουσι. | Among them was Aristomenes as well, who even now continues to receive honors from the Messenians as a hero. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.7 | 3 | τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ Μακεδόνας ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀριστοδάμᾳ Σικυωνίους οἶδα εἰρηκότας, διάφορα δὲ τοσόνδε ἦν· | They consider him to have had a very distinguished birth, for they say that his mother Nicoteleia united with a divine being or god in the form of a serpent. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.8 | 1 | Μεσσήνιοι γὰρ οὐκ ἐσποιοῦσιν Ἀριστομένην Ἡρακλεῖ παῖδα ἢ Διί, ὥσπερ Ἀλέξανδρον Ἄμμωνι οἱ Μακεδόνες καὶ Ἄρατον Ἀσκληπιῷ Σικυώνιοι· | For the Messenians do not claim Aristomenes as the son of Heracles or Zeus, as the Macedonians say Alexander was the son of Ammon, or as the Sicyonians assert Aratus was the son of Asclepius. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.8 | 2 | Ἀριστομένει δὲ πατέρα Ἑλλήνων μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ Πύρρον φασὶν εἶναι, Μεσσηνίους δὲ οἶδα αὐτὸς ἐπὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς Ἀριστομένην Νικομήδους καλοῦντας. | Instead, most of the Greeks say that Aristomenes' father was Pyrrhus, but I myself know that the Messenians, when making oaths, call Aristomenes the son of Nicomedes. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.8 | 3 | οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἀκμάζων ἡλικίᾳ καὶ τόλμῃ καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν ἐν τέλει παρώξυνον ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπόστασιν· | At that time Aristomenes, in the prime of his strength and daring, and other leading men stirred them up into revolt. | ? | ? |
| 4.14.8 | 4 | ἐπράσσετο δὲ ταῦτα οὐκ εὐθὺς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, κρύφα δὲ ἐς Ἄργος καὶ παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἀπέστελλον, εἴ σφισιν ἀπροφασίστως καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ προτέρου ἀμῦναι θελήσουσιν. | These events did not immediately occur openly; rather, secret embassies were sent to Argos and among the Arcadians, asking whether these peoples would readily and no less eagerly than in the former war wish to come to their defense. | ? | ? |