Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.32.1 | 1 | τὸ δὲ ὀνομαζόμενον παρὰ Μεσσηνίων ἱεροθέσιον ἔχει μὲν θεῶν ἀγάλματα ὁπόσους νομίζουσιν Ἕλληνες, ἔχει δὲ χαλκῆν εἰκόνα Ἐπαμινώνδου. | The place among the Messenians known as the Hierothesion contains statues of all the gods recognized by the Greeks, and also has a bronze image of Epaminondas. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.1 | 2 | κεῖνται δὲ καὶ ἀρχαῖοι τρίποδες· ἀπύρους αὐτοὺς καλεῖ Ὅμηρος. | There are ancient tripods here as well, which Homer calls "fireless." | ? | ? |
| 4.32.1 | 3 | τὰ δὲ ἀγάλματα τὰ ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ ποιήματά ἐστιν ἀνδρῶν Αἰγυπτίων , Ἑρμῆς καὶ Ἡρακλῆς τε καὶ Θησεύς. | In the gymnasium are statues made by Egyptian craftsmen, depicting Hermes, Heracles, and Theseus. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.1 | 4 | τούτους μὲν δὴ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησι καὶ ἤδη τῶν βαρβάρων πολλοῖς περί τε γυμνάσια καὶ ἐν παλαίστραις καθέστηκεν ἔχειν ἐν τιμῇ· | Indeed, it has already become customary among all Greeks, and even among many barbarians, to honor these particular gods in connection with gymnasia and wrestling grounds. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.2 | 1 | Αἰθίδαν δὲ ἐμαυτοῦ πρεσβύτερον ὄντα εὕρισκον, γενομένῳ δέ οἱ χρήμασιν οὐκ ἀδυνάτῳ τιμαὶ παρὰ Μεσσηνίων ὑπάρχουσιν ἅτε ἥρωι. | I found that Aithidas was older than myself, and as he became a man of no little wealth, he now receives from the Messenians honors appropriate to a hero. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.2 | 2 | εἰσὶ δὲ τῶν Μεσσηνίων οἳ τῷ Αἰθίδᾳ χρήματα μὲν γενέσθαι πολλὰ ἔλεγον, οὐ μέντοι τοῦτόν γε εἶναι τὸν ἐπειργασμένον τῇ στήλῃ, πρόγονον δὲ καὶ ὁμώνυμον ἄνδρα τῷ Αἰθίδᾳ· | However, some among the Messenians claimed that, although Aithidas did indeed attain great wealth, he was not himself the man commemorated on the stele, but rather a forefather of the same name. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.2 | 3 | Αἰθίδαν δὲ τὸν πρότερον ἡγήσασθαι τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις φασίν, ἡνίκα ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ Δημήτριός σφισιν ὁ Φιλίππου μηδαμῶς ἐλπίσασιν αὐτός τε καὶ ἡ στρατιὰ λανθάνουσιν ἐσελθόντες ἐς τὴν πόλιν. | They say it was this earlier Aithidas who led the Messenians at the very time when Demetrios son of Philip, completely unforeseen by them, secretly entered their city at night with his army. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.3 | 1 | καὶ Ἀριστομένους δὲ μνῆμά ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα· | Here is also the tomb of Aristomenes. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.3 | 2 | οὐ κενὸν δὲ εἶναι τὸ μνῆμα λέγουσιν, ἀλλʼ ἐρομένου μου τρόπον τε ὅντινα καὶ ὁπόθεν Ἀριστομένους κομίσαιντο τὰ ὀστᾶ, μεταπέμψασθαι μὲν ἐκ Ῥόδου φασί, τὸν δὲ ἐν Δελφοῖς θεὸν τὸν κελεύσαντα εἶναι. | They say that the tomb is not empty; and when I inquired in what manner and from what place the bones of Aristomenes had been brought back, they told me that they had sent for them from Rhodes, following an oracle given by the god at Delphi. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.3 | 3 | πρός τε δὴ τούτοις ἐδίδασκόν με ὁποῖα ἐπὶ τῷ τάφῳ δρῶσι. | Furthermore, they described to me the ritual observances they perform at the tomb. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.3 | 4 | ταῦρον ὅντινα ἐναγίζειν μέλλουσιν, ἀγαγόντες ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἔδησαν πρὸς τὸν ἑστηκότα ἐπὶ τῷ τάφῳ κίονα· | A bull, destined for sacrifice, is brought to the tomb and tied to the column standing upon the tomb. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.3 | 5 | ὁ δὲ ἅτε ἄγριος καὶ ἀήθης δεσμῶν οὐκ ἐθέλει μένειν· | Being wild and unaccustomed to bonds, the bull does not willingly remain tied. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.3 | 6 | θορυβουμένῳ δέ οἱ καὶ σκιρτῶντι ἢν ὁ κίων κινηθῇ, Μεσσηνίοις ἐστὶν αἴσιον, οὐ κινηθέντος δὲ ἀσύμφορα ἐπαγγέλλει τὸ σημεῖον. | If, while struggling and leaping about, it moves the column, this signifies good fortune for the Messenians; but if the column remains unmoved, the omen portends misfortunes. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.4 | 1 | παραγενέσθαι δὲ Ἀριστομένην καὶ τῷ περὶ Λεῦκτρα ἀγῶνι ἐθέλουσιν οὐ μετὰ ἀνθρώπων ἔτι ὄντα, καὶ ἀμῦναί τε αὐτόν φασι Θηβαίοις καὶ μάλιστα γενέσθαι τοῦ ἀτυχήματος Λακεδαιμονίοις αἴτιον. | They say also that Aristomenes was present willingly at the battle of Leuctra, though no longer among the living, and the Thebans claim he aided them and was chiefly responsible for the disaster that befell the Lacedaemonians. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.4 | 2 | ἐγὼ δὲ Χαλδαίους καὶ Ἰνδῶν τοὺς μάγους πρώτους οἶδα εἰπόντας ὡς ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου ψυχή, καί σφισι καὶ Ἑλλήνων ἄλλοι τε ἐπείσθησαν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα Πλάτων ὁ Ἀρίστωνος· | Now I know that the Chaldeans and the Magi of India were the first to declare the human soul immortal, and certain Greeks adopted this belief from their teachings, most notably Plato, the son of Ariston. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.4 | 3 | εἰ δὲ ἀποδέχεσθαι καὶ οἱ πάντες ἐθελήσουσιν, ἐκεῖνό γε ἀντειπεῖν οὐκ ἔνεστι μὴ οὐ τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα Ἀριστομένει τὸ μῖσος τὸ ἐς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐνεστάχθαι. | If all men should accept this doctrine, it would then be impossible to deny that Aristomenes' hatred for Sparta persisted eternally. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.5 | 1 | ἃ δὲ αὐτὸς ἤκουσα ἐν Θήβαις, εἰκὸς μέν τι παρείχετο ἐς τὸν Μεσσηνίων λόγον, οὐ μὴν παντάπασί γέ ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ὡμολογηκότα. | What I myself heard at Thebes presented some plausibility regarding the account given by the Messenians, but it certainly does not fully agree with their version. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.5 | 2 | φασὶ δὲ οἱ Θηβαῖοι μελλούσης τῆς μάχης ἔσεσθαί σφισιν ἐν Λεύκτροις ἐς ἄλλα τε ἀποστεῖλαι χρηστήρια καὶ ἐρησομένους τὸν ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ θεόν. | The Thebans say that, as the battle at Leuctra was imminent, they sent inquiries to various oracles, and among them they sought counsel from the god at Lebadeia. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.5 | 3 | λέγεται μὲν οὖν καὶ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Ἰσμηνίου καὶ τοῦ Πτῴου, πρὸς δὲ τὰ ἐν Ἄβαις τε χρησθέντα καὶ τὰ ἐν Δελφοῖς· | Accounts are given of responses from the temples of Ismenian Apollo and Ptoan Apollo, in addition to the oracles given at Abae and Delphi. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.5 | 4 | Τροφώνιον δέ φασιν εἰπεῖν ἑξαμέτρῳ· | But they report that Trophonius gave a reply in hexameter as follows: | ? | ? |
| 4.32.5 | 5 | πρὶν δορὶ συμβαλέειν ἐχθροῖς, στήσασθε τρόπαιον, ἀσπίδα κοσμήσαντες ἐμήν, τὴν εἵσατο νηῷ θοῦρος Ἀριστομένης Μεσσήνιος. | Before engaging with your enemies in battle, Set up a trophy, adorning it with my shield, The shield which fierce Aristomenes the Messenian Dedicated within my temple. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.5 | 6 | αὐτὰρ ἐγώ τοι ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων φθίσω στρατὸν ἀσπιστάων. | Then shall I Bring ruin upon the shield-bearing ranks of hostile men. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.6 | 1 | ἀφικομένου δὲ τοῦ χρησμοῦ δεηθῆναι Ξενοκράτους λέγουσιν Ἐπαμινώνδαν· ὁ δὲ τήν τε ἀσπίδα μεταπέμπεται τοῦ Ἀριστομένους καὶ ἐκόσμησεν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς τρόπαιον, ὅθεν τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔσεσθαι σύνοπτον ἔμελλεν. | When this oracle reached them, they say Epaminondas sought the counsel of Xenocrates; the latter had the shield of Aristomenes brought from Lebadeia and from it raised a trophy, set in clear view for the Lacedaemonians. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.6 | 2 | ᾔδεσαν δὲ ἄρα τὴν ἀσπίδα οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ἑωρακότες, ἀκοῇ δὲ καὶ πάντες· | They recognized the shield, since some of them had previously viewed it quietly at Lebadeia, and everyone had at least heard of it. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.6 | 3 | ὡς δὲ ἐγένετο ἡ νίκη Θηβαίοις, ἀποδιδόασιν αὖθις τῷ Τροφωνίῳ τὸ ἀνάθημα. | After the victory went to the Thebans, they gave back the dedication again to Trophonius. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.6 | 4 | Ἀριστομένους δὲ καὶ χαλκοῦς ἀνδριάς ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Μεσσηνίων σταδίῳ· | A bronze statue of Aristomenes stands in the stadium of the Messenians. | ? | ? |
| 4.32.6 | 5 | τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ οὐ πόρω Σαράπιδός ἐστι καὶ Ἴσιδος ἱερόν. | Not far from the theater is a sanctuary of Sarapis and Isis. | ? | ? |