Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.33.1 | 1 | ἐς δὲ τὴν κορυφὴν ἐρχομένῳ τῆς Ἰθώμης, ἣ δὴ Μεσσηνίοις ἐστὶν ἀκρόπολις, πηγὴ Κλεψύδρα γίνεται. | As one makes one's way up to the summit of Ithome—the acropolis of the Messenians—there is a spring called Klepsydra. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.1 | 2 | πάντας μὲν οὖν καταριθμήσασθαι καὶ προθυμηθέντι ἄπορον, ὁπόσοι θέλουσι γενέσθαι καὶ τραφῆναι παρὰ σφίσι Δία· μέτεστι δʼ οὖν καὶ Μεσσηνίοις τοῦ λόγου· | Now, it would be difficult even for someone highly enthusiastic to fully enumerate all those who claim Zeus was born and reared among them; yet the Messenians too have their own tradition. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.1 | 3 | φασὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι τραφῆναι παρὰ σφίσι τὸν θεόν, Ἰθώμην δὲ εἶναι καὶ Νέδαν τὰς θρεψαμένας, | For they say that the god was raised among them, and that Ithome and Neda were the nurses who cared for him. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.1 | 4 | κεκλῆσθαι δὲ ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς Νέδας τὸν ποταμόν, τὴν δὲ ἑτέραν τῷ ὄρει τὴν Ἰθώμην δεδωκέναι τὸ ὄνομα. | They assert that the river received its name from Neda, while Ithome lent her name to the mountain. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.1 | 5 | ταύτας δὲ τὰς νύμφας τὸν Δία, κλαπέντα ὑπὸ Κουρήτων διὰ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς δεῖμα, ἐνταῦθα λοῦσαι λέγουσι καὶ τὸ ὄνομα εἶναι τῷ ὕδατι ἀπὸ τῶν Κουρήτων τῆς κλοπῆς· | They relate that here the nymphs bathed Zeus, who had been stolen away by the Curetes because of fear of his father; and the spring took its name Klepsydra ("Stolen Water") from this theft by the Curetes. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.1 | 6 | φέρουσί τε ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τῆς πηγῆς ἐς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Ἰθωμάτα τὸ ἱερόν. | Even to this day they carry water daily from the spring to the sanctuary of Zeus Ithomatas. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.2 | 1 | τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς Ἀγελάδα μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, ἐποιήθη δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῖς οἰκήσασιν ἐν Ναυπάκτῳ Μεσσηνίων· | The statue of Zeus is the work of Ageladas, originally made for the Messenians who inhabited Naupactus. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.2 | 2 | ἱερεὺς δὲ αἱρετὸς κατὰ ἔτος ἕκαστον ἔχει δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας. | Each year they elect a priest for the image, and he keeps the statue in his own home. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.2 | 3 | ἄγουσι δὲ καὶ ἑορτὴν ἐπέτειον Ἰθωμαῖα, τὸ δὲ ἀρχαῖον καὶ ἀγῶνα ἐτίθεσαν μουσικῆς· | They also hold an annual festival, the Ithomaia, and in ancient times they established a competition in music as well. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.2 | 4 | τεκμαίρεσθαι δʼ ἔστιν ἄλλοις τε καὶ Εὐμήλου τοῖς ἔπεσιν, ἐποίησε γοῦν καὶ τάδε ἐν τῷ προσοδίῳ τῷ ἐς Δῆλον· | Among other evidence for this are the verses of Eumelus; indeed, he composed these lines too in the Processional Hymn to Delos. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.2 | 5 | τῷ γὰρ Ἰθωμάτα καταθύμιος ἔπλετο μοῖσα ἁ καθαρὰ ν κιθάραν καὶ ἐλεύθερα σάμβαλʼ ἔχοισα. | "For the Muse who delights in Ithome came with pure lyre and free sandals." | ? | ? |
| 4.33.2 | 6 | οὐκοῦν ποιῆσαί μοι δοκεῖ τὰ ἔπη καὶ μουσικῆς ἀγῶνα ἐπιστάμενος τιθέντας. | Thus it seems to me clear that, since he composed such poetry, he was aware of their musical competition. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 1 | ἰόντι δὲ τὴν ἐπʼ Ἀρκαδίας ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν ἐστὶν ἐν ταῖς πύλαις Ἑρμῆς τέχνης τῆς Ἀττικῆς. | When you go towards Arcadia, at the gate into Megalopolis there is a statue of Hermes in the Attic style. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 2 | Ἀθηναίων γὰρ τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τετράγωνόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῖς Ἑρμαῖς, καὶ παρὰ τούτων μεμαθήκασιν οἱ ἄλλοι. | For the Athenians represented their Herms with a square shape, and other peoples have learned this from them. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 3 | σταδίους δὲ καταβάντι ἀπὸ τῶν πυλῶν τριάκοντα τὸ ῥεῦμά ἐστι τῆς Βαλύρας. | Thirty stades below the gate flows the river Balyra. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 4 | γενέσθαι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῷ ποταμῷ λέγουσι Θαμύριδος τὴν λύραν ἐνταῦθα ἀποβαλόντος ἐπὶ τῇ πηρώσει. | They say that the river received its name from Thamyris casting his lyre into it at the time of his blinding. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 5 | παῖδα δὲ αὐτὸν Φιλάμμωνος καὶ Ἀργιόπης τῆς νύμφης εἶναι. | Thamyris was said to be a son of Philammon and the nymph Argiope. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 6 | τὴν δὲ Ἀργιόπην τέως μὲν περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν οἰκεῖν, ἐπεὶ δὲ εἶχεν ἐν γαστρί, ἐς Ὀδρύσας λέγουσι μετοικῆσαι. | This Argiope lived at first around Parnassus, but when she became pregnant, they say that she moved to the Odrysae. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 7 | Φιλάμμωνα γὰρ οὐκ ἐθέλειν ἐς τὸν οἶκον αὐτὴν ἄγεσθαι. | For Philammon did not wish to bring her into his house. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 8 | καὶ Θάμυριν μὲν Ὀδρύσην τε καὶ Θρᾷκα ἐπὶ τούτῳ καλοῦσιν. | For this reason Thamyris was called Odrysian and Thracian. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.3 | 9 | ἡ δὲ Λευκασία καὶ Ἄμφιτος συμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ τὰ ῥεύματα. | The rivers Leukasia and Amphitos join their waters together. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.4 | 1 | διαβάντι δὲ τούτους πεδίον ἐστὶν ὀνομαζόμενον Στενυκληρικόν· | After crossing these places there is a plain called Stenyklerikos; | ? | ? |
| 4.33.4 | 2 | εἶναι δὲ ἥρωα Στενύκληρον λέγουσι. | they say that it is named after a hero, Stenykleros. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.4 | 3 | τοῦ πεδίου δέ ἐστιν ἀπαντικρὺ καλουμένη τὸ ἀρχαῖον Οἰχαλία, τὸ δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Καρνάσιον ἄλσος, κυπαρίσσων μάλιστα πλῆρες. | Opposite this plain is the place formerly called Oichalia, but in my time the grove Karnasion, filled especially with cypresses. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.4 | 4 | θεῶν δὲ ἀγάλματα Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Καρνείου καὶ Ἁγνῆς καὶ Ἑρμῆς φέρων κριόν. | Statues of gods there include Apollo Karneios, Hagne, and Hermes carrying a ram. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.4 | 5 | ἡ δὲ Ἁγνὴ Κόρης τῆς Δήμητρός ἐστιν ἐπίκλησις· | Hagne is an epithet for Kore, the daughter of Demeter. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.4 | 6 | ὕδωρ δὲ ἄνεισιν ἐκ πηγῆς παρʼ αὐτὸ τὸ ἄγαλμα. | Near the statue itself, water rises from a spring. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.5 | 1 | τὰ δὲ ἐς τὰς θεὰς τὰς Μεγάλας---δρῶσι γὰρ καὶ ταύταις ἐν Καρνασίῳ τὴν τελετήν---ἀπόρρητα ἔστω μοι· δεύτερα γάρ σφισι νέμω σεμνότητος μετά γε Ἐλευσίνια. | As for the rites of the Great Goddesses—for they conduct their mysteries also at Karnasion—let these remain secret to me; for I rank them second in sanctity only after the mysteries at Eleusis. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.5 | 2 | ὅτι δʼ ὑδρία τε ἡ χαλκῆ, τὸ εὕρημα τοῦ Ἀργείου στρατηγοῦ, καὶ Εὐρύτου τοῦ Μελανέως τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐφυλάσσετο ἐνταῦθα, δηλῶσαί με καὶ ἐς ἅπαντας οὐκ ἀπεῖργε τὸ ὄνειρον. | But my dream has not prevented me from openly disclosing to everyone that the bronze water-jar, discovered by the Argive general, and the bones of Eurytos, son of Melaneus, were kept there. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.5 | 3 | ῥεῖ δὲ ποταμὸς παρὰ τὸ Καρνάσιον Χάραδρος, καὶ προελθόντι ἐν ἀριστερᾷ σταδίους ὀκτὼ | By Karnasion flows the river Charadros, and going onward, at a distance of eight stadia on the left... | ? | ? |
| 4.33.6 | 1 | μάλιστα ἐρείπιά ἐστιν Ἀνδανίας. | The ruins of Andania are especially noteworthy. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.6 | 2 | καὶ ὅτι μὲν τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ γυναικὸς γέγονεν Ἀνδανίας, ὁμολογεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν ἐξηγητῶν· οὐ μὴν τά γε ἐς τοὺς γονέας αὐτῆς οὐδὲ τῷ συνῴκησεν ἔχω λέγειν. | It is agreed among the guides that the city derived its name from a woman named Andania; however, I am unable to speak precisely concerning her parentage or to whom she was married. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.6 | 3 | ἰόντων δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ Κυπαρισσιὰς ἀπὸ Ἀνδανίας Πολίχνη τέ ἐστι καλουμένη καὶ ποταμὸς Ἠλέκτρα καὶ Κοῖος ῥέουσι· τάχα δʼ ἄν τινα καὶ λόγον ἐς Ἠλέκτραν τὴν Ἄτλαντος λέγοιεν καὶ ἐς Κοῖον τὸν Λητοῦς πατέρα, ἢ καὶ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἡρώων εἶεν Ἠλέκτρα τε καὶ Κοῖος. | Going from Andania toward Cyparissiae, there is a place called Polichne, and rivers named Electra and Coeus flow there; perhaps one might relate these names to Electra, daughter of Atlas, and Coeus, father of Leto; or else Electra and Coeus could have been local heroes. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.7 | 1 | διαβάντων δὲ Ἠλέκτραν Ἀχαΐα τε ὀνομαζομένη πηγὴ καὶ πόλεώς ἐστιν ἐρείπια Δωρίου. | After crossing the river Elektra, there is a spring called Achaia and the ruins of the city Dorium. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.7 | 2 | πεποίηκε δὲ Ὅμηρος μὲν Θαμύριδι ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῷ Δωρίῳ γενέσθαι τὴν συμφοράν, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὰς Μούσας νικήσειν ἔφασκεν ᾀδούσας· | Homer has described Dorium as the place where the calamity befell Thamyris, because he boasted that he could surpass even the Muses in singing. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.7 | 3 | Πρόδικος δὲ Φωκαεὺς---εἰ δὴ τούτου τὰ ἐς τὴν Μινυάδα ἔπη---προσκεῖσθαί φησι Θαμύριδι ἐν Ἅιδου δίκην τοῦ ἐς τὰς Μούσας αὐχήματος. | Prodicus of Phocaea—if indeed the verses belonging to the "Minyad" are his—relates that Thamyris in Hades endured punishment for his boastfulness against the Muses. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.7 | 4 | διεφθάρη δὲ ὁ Θάμυρις ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ὑπὸ νόσου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ συνέπεσεν ὕστερον· | As it seems to me, Thamyris lost his sight due to illness, the same misfortune that later befell Homer himself. | ? | ? |
| 4.33.7 | 5 | ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν καὶ ἐς ἅπαν διετέλει ποιῶν, οὐ γάρ τι εἶκε τῇ συμφορᾷ, Θάμυρις δὲ καὶ τὴν ᾠδὴν ὑπὸ κακοῦ τοῦ παρόντος ἐξέλιπεν. | But Homer continued to compose poetry throughout his life, as he in no way yielded to his misfortune, whereas Thamyris, overwhelmed by his adversity, ceased entirely from song. | ? | ? |