Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.9.1 | 1 | τοῖς δὲ Μεσσηνίοις μετὰ τὴν μάχην πονηρὰ γίνεσθαι τὰ πράγματα ἤρχετο· | For the Messenians, following the battle, matters began to turn difficult. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.1 | 2 | δαπάνῃ τε γὰρ χρημάτων ἀπειρήκεσαν, ἃ τῶν πόλεων ἀνήλισκον ἐς τὰς φρουράς, καὶ οἱ δοῦλοι παρὰ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ηὐτομόλουν, τοῖς δὲ καὶ νόσος ἐνέπεσε καὶ ταραχὰς μὲν παρέσχεν ὡς εἴη λοιμώδης, οὐ μὴν ἐς ἅπαντάς γε ἐχώρησεν. | They had become exhausted by the expense of money, which they spent from their cities for the guarding of fortresses, and their slaves were deserting to the Lacedaemonians; moreover, an illness fell upon them which, though provoking alarm as if contagion had broken out, did not affect everyone. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.1 | 3 | βουλευομένοις δὲ πρὸς τὰ παρόντα ἐδόκει τὰ μὲν πολλὰ πολίσματα τὰ ἐς μεσόγαιαν πάντα ἐκλείπειν, ἐς δὲ τὸ ὄρος ἀνοικίζεσθαι τὴν Ἰθώμην. | When they deliberated on their present circumstances, they resolved to abandon most of their inland settlements, withdrawing completely from the country, and to establish their residence on Mount Ithome. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.10 | 1 | λέγοντος δὲ ταῦτα ἔφασαν τὰ ὄντα λέγειν ὅσοι τοῦ Αἰπυτιδῶν γένους ἦσαν· | When he had said these things, all those from the family of the Aepytidae affirmed that he spoke the truth. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.10 | 2 | ἀπεῖναι γάρ σφισι τὸ δέος τὸ ἐπὶ τῇ θυγατρὶ ἕκαστος ἔσπευδε. | For each of them was eager for the fear concerning his own daughter to be removed. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.10 | 3 | καὶ οἱ μὲν τοῦ βασιλέως τῇ παραινέσει πειθόμενοι τὴν ἐκκλησίαν διαλύουσι καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς πρός τε θυσίας θεῶν καὶ ἑορτὴν τρέπονται· | So, persuaded by the counsel of the king, they dismissed the assembly, and from there turned towards sacrifices to the gods and to celebration of the festival. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.2 | 1 | ἦν δὲ καὶ πόλισμα αὐτόθι οὐ μέγα, ὃ καὶ Ὅμηρόν φασιν ἔχειν ἐν καταλόγῳ· καὶ Ἰθώμην κλιμακόεσσαν. | There was also a small town there, which they say even Homer mentions in his catalogue: "and steep Ithome." | ? | ? |
| 4.9.2 | 2 | Hom. Il. 2.729 ἐς τοῦτο τὸ πόλισμα ἀνῳκίζοντο, ἐπεκτείνοντες τὸν ἀρχαῖον περίβολον ἔρυμα εἶναι πᾶσιν αὔταρκες. | Into this town they moved, enlarging the old circuit-wall to serve as a fortress sufficient to protect them all. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.2 | 3 | ἦν δὲ τὸ χωρίον καὶ ἄλλως ἐχυρόν· ἡ γὰρ Ἰθώμη μεγέθει τε οὐδενὸς ἀποδεῖ τῶν ὀρῶν ὁπόσα ἐντός ἐστιν ἰσθμοῦ καὶ δύσβατος κατὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἦν. | And indeed, the site was otherwise naturally strong: for Ithome is not surpassed in height by any of the mountains within the Isthmus, and it was especially difficult of access. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.3 | 1 | ἐδόκει δὲ καὶ θεωρὸν πέμψαι σφίσιν ἐς Δελφούς. | And they decided also to send one of their people as a sacred envoy to Delphi. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.3 | 2 | ἀποστέλλουσιν οὖν Τῖσιν τὸν Ἄλκιδος, καὶ ἀξιώματι οὐδενὸς ὕστερον καὶ ὅτι προσκεῖσθαι μαντικῇ μάλιστα ἐνομίζετο. | They therefore dispatched Tisis, son of Alcis, a man second to none in reputation, and renowned particularly for his talent in divination. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.3 | 3 | τοῦτον τὸν Τῖσιν ἐπανιόντα ἐκ Δελφῶν λοχῶσιν ἄνδρες Λακεδαιμονίων ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Ἀμφείᾳ φρουρᾶς· | As Tisis was returning from Delphi, men from the Lacedaemonian garrison stationed at Ampheia set an ambush for him. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.3 | 4 | λοχήσαντες δὲ---οὐ γὰρ ὑπεῖκεν αἰχμάλωτος γενέσθαι--- περιμένοντα οὖν ἀμύνεσθαι καὶ ἀνθεστηκότα ἐτίτρωσκον, ἐς ὃ γίνεται βοή σφισιν ἐξ ἀφανοῦς "τὸν χρησμοφόρον μέθες." | Once ambushed—since he refused to allow himself to be taken captive—he waited to defend himself and resisted bravely. They wounded him, until suddenly a voice came to them out of the unseen, saying clearly, "Release the bearer of the oracle." | ? | ? |
| 4.9.4 | 1 | καὶ Τῖσις μὲν ὡς ἀπεσώθη τάχιστα ἐς Ἰθώμην καὶ τὴν μαντείαν παρὰ τὸν βασιλέα ἀνήνεγκε, μετʼ οὐ πολὺ ὑπὸ τῶν τραυμάτων τελευτᾷ· | And Tisis, as soon as he reached Ithome safely, immediately reported the oracle's answer to the king; shortly thereafter, due to his wounds, he died. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.4 | 2 | τοὺς δὲ Μεσσηνίους συναθροίσας ὁ Εὐφαὴς ἐπεδείκνυ τὸν χρησμόν· | Euphaes, having gathered the Messenians, disclosed to them the words of the oracle: | ? | ? |
| 4.9.4 | 3 | κόρην ἄχραντον νερτέροισι δαίμοσι, κλήρῳ λαχοῦσαν Αἰπυτιδῶν ἀφʼ αἵματος, θυηπολεῖτε νυκτέροισιν ἐν σφαγαῖς. | "To the underworld powers, offer a pure maiden chosen by lot from the bloodline of the Aepytidae, making night sacrifices." | ? | ? |
| 4.9.4 | 4 | ἢν δὲ σφαλῆτε, καὶ παρʼ ἀλλοίου τότε θύειν, διδόντος ἐς σφαγὴν ἑκουσίως. | "But if you fail, thereafter you must sacrifice another, one voluntarily giving himself up to be slain." | ? | ? |
| 4.9.5 | 1 | ταῦτα τοῦ θεοῦ δηλώσαντος αὐτίκα ἐκληροῦντο ὅσαι παρθένοι τοῦ Αἰπυτιδῶν γένους ἦσαν· | When the god had made this clear, at once all the maidens of the race of the Aepytidae drew lots. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.5 | 2 | καὶ ἐπελάμβανε γὰρ Λυκίσκου θυγατέρα ὁ κλῆρος, ταύτην Ἐπήβολος ὁ μάντις ἀπηγόρευεν ὡς οὐ δέοι θύειν, οὐ γὰρ εἶναι Λυκίσκου· | Although the lot fell upon the daughter of Lykiskos, Epebolos the seer declared she should not be sacrificed, for she was not truly the child of Lykiskos. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.5 | 3 | τὴν δὲ γυναῖκα ἣ Λυκίσκῳ συνῴκησεν, ὡς τεκεῖν οὔκουν οἵα τε ἦν, ἐν τούτῳ τὴν παῖδα ὑποβαλέσθαι. | He revealed that Lykiskos' wife, unable herself to bear children, had introduced another's child as her own. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.5 | 4 | ἐν ὅσῳ δὲ οὗτος ἀνεδίδασκε τὰ ἐς αὐτήν, ἐν τοσῷδε ὁ Λυκίσκος ἀπαγόμενος ἅμα καὶ τὴν παρθένον ηὐτομόλησεν ἐς Σπάρτην. | While the seer was disclosing these matters concerning the girl, Lykiskos, who had meanwhile set off, fled with the maiden to Sparta. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.6 | 1 | ἐχόντων δὲ ἀθύμως τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὡς Λυκίσκον ἀποδράντα ᾔσθοντο, ἐνταῦθά σφισιν Ἀριστόδημος ἀνὴρ καὶ γένους τοῦ Αἰπυτιδῶν καὶ Λυκίσκου τῇ τε ἄλλῃ δόξῃ καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον ἐπιφανέστερος ἐδίδου τὴν θυγατέρα ἑκὼν θῦσαι. | When the Messenians became disheartened upon learning of Lykiskos' flight, Aristodemos, a man descended from the Aipytidai, who surpassed Lykiskos both in general renown and conspicuously in deeds of war, willingly offered his daughter for sacrifice. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.6 | 2 | τὰ δὲ ἀνθρώπων καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τὸ πρόθυμον ἡ πεπρωμένη κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐπικρύπτει καὶ εἰ ψηφῖδα ἐπιλαβοῦσα ἰλὺς ποταμοῦ, ὅπου καὶ τότε Ἀριστοδήμῳ διασώσασθαι Μεσσήνην ἀγώνισμα ποιουμένῳ τὸ ἐμπόδιον ἐπήγαγε τοιόνδε. | But fate, which conceals human affairs—especially earnest efforts—as effectually as river mud obscures a pebble it covers, then indeed imposed an obstacle of this sort upon Aristodemos, precisely as he was striving to accomplish the deliverance of Messenia. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.7 | 1 | ἀνὴρ τῶν Μεσσηνίων---τὸ δὲ ὄνομα οὐ λέγουσιν---ἐρῶν ἔτυχε τοῦ Ἀριστοδήμου τῆς θυγατρός, τότε δὲ ἤδη ἔμελλε καὶ γυναῖκα ἄξεσθαι. | A man among the Messenians—whose name they do not mention—happened to be in love with the daughter of Aristodemus, who at that time was already betrothed and soon to marry. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.7 | 2 | οὗτος κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν Ἀριστοδήμῳ προῆλθεν, ἐκεῖνον μὲν ἐγγυήσαντά οἱ μηκέτι εἶναι κύριον τῆς παιδός, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐγγυησάμενος κυριώτερος ἐκείνου γίνεσθαι. | At first this man entered into a dispute with Aristodemus, declaring that Aristodemus, having already given the pledge, was no longer master over his daughter, while he himself, having received the pledge, now had greater authority than the father over her. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.7 | 3 | δεύτερα δὲ ὡς τοῦτο οὐχ ἑώρα οἱ κατορθούμενον, ἐπʼ ἀναίσχυντον τρέπεται λόγον· | But as he saw that he was not successful in this claim, he turned to disgraceful talk: | ? | ? |
| 4.9.8 | 1 | ξυγγενέσθαι τε τῇ παιδὶ καὶ κύειν ἐξ αὐτοῦ. | He had intercourse with the girl and she became pregnant by him. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.8 | 2 | τέλος δὲ ἐς τοσοῦτον Ἀριστόδημον προήγαγεν ὡς ἐκμανέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ τὴν θυγατέρα ἀποκτεῖναι· | In the end, Aristodemos was driven into such fury that, enraged by his anger, he killed his daughter. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.8 | 3 | μετὰ δὲ ἀνέτεμνε καὶ ἐπεδείκνυεν αὐτὴν οὐκ ἔχουσαν ἐν γαστρί. | Afterwards, he cut her open and showed that her womb contained no child. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.8 | 4 | παρὼν δὲ Ἐπήβολος ἐκέλευεν ἄλλον τινὰ τὸν θυγατέρα ἐπιδώσοντα γενέσθαι· τῆς γὰρ τοῦ Ἀριστοδήμου πλέον εἶναί σφισιν ἀποθανούσης οὐδέν· | Epibolos, who was present, urged the people to assign another to hand over his daughter, since the death of Aristodemos's daughter had been of no benefit to them. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.8 | 5 | φονεῦσαι γὰρ τὸν πατέρα αὐτήν, θεοῖς δὲ οἷς ἡ Πυθία προσέταξεν οὐ θῦσαι. | He explained that Aristodemos had murdered his own child, yet had not sacrificed her to the gods as the Pythian oracle had commanded. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.9 | 1 | τοιαῦτα εἰπόντος τοῦ μάντεως τὸ πλῆθος τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὥρμησεν ἀποκτενοῦντες τὸν μνηστῆρα τῆς παιδός, ὡς Ἀριστοδήμῳ τε μίασμα εἰκαῖον προσάψαντα καὶ σφίσι τῆς σωτηρίας τὴν ἐλπίδα ἀμφίβολον πεποιηκότα. | After the seer had said these words, the multitude of the Messenians rushed forth intending to kill the suitor of the maiden, accusing him of having unjustly imputed pollution to Aristodemus and thereby having cast doubt on their hopes for deliverance. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.9 | 2 | ἢν δὲ ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἐς τὰ μάλιστα τῷ Εὐφαεῖ φίλος· | But this man was particularly dear to Euphaes. | ? | ? |
| 4.9.9 | 3 | πείθει οὖν τοὺς Μεσσηνίους Εὐφαὴς τόν τε χρησμὸν ἔχειν τέλος ἀποθανούσης τῆς παιδὸς καὶ σφίσιν ἀποχρᾶν τὰ ὑπὸ Ἀριστοδήμου πεποιημένα. | So Euphaes persuaded the Messenians that the oracle's fulfillment would come about through the death of the maiden, and that the actions already performed by Aristodemus were sufficient for their needs. | ? | ? |