Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.8.1 | 1 | τούτων δὲ ὕστερον Κλύμενον τὸν Κάρδυος, πεντηκοστῷ μάλιστα ἔτει μετὰ τὴν συμβᾶσαν ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνος ἐν Ἕλλησιν ἐπομβρίαν ἐλθόντα ἐκ Κρήτης, γένος ἀπὸ Ἡρακλέους ὄντα τοῦ Ἰδαίου, τόν τε ἀγῶνα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ θεῖναι καὶ Κούρησι τοῖς τε ἄλλοις καὶ Ἡρακλεῖ τῷ προγόνῳ λέγουσιν ἱδρύσασθαι βωμόν, Παραστάτην ἐπωνυμίαν τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ θέμενον. | After these events, about fifty years after the great flood that befell the Greeks during Deucalion's time, it is said that Clymenus, son of Cardys, came from Crete—he who traced his lineage back to Heracles of Ida. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.1 | 2 | Ἐνδυμίων δὲ ὁ Ἀεθλίου Κλύμενόν τε ἔπαυσε τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ δρόμου τοῖς υἱοῖς ἆθλα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔθηκε. | They say he established the contest at Olympia, and built an altar there for the Curetes and for Heracles, his own ancestor, giving Heracles the surname "Parastates" (the Helper). | ? | ? |
| 5.8.10 | 1 | τῶν δὲ ὁπλιτῶν ὁ δρόμος ἐδοκιμάσθη μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς πέμπτης Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ ἑξηκοστῆς, μελέτης ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἕνεκα τῆς ἐς τὰ πολεμικά· τοὺς δὲ δραμόντας ἀσπίσιν ὁμοῦ πρῶτος Δαμάρετος ἐκράτησεν Ἡραιεύς. | The race of armored infantry (hoplitodromos) was first introduced at the sixty-fifth Olympiad, in my opinion as training for warfare; Damaretus of Heraea was the first victor in this race, in which the contestants ran with shields. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.10 | 2 | δρόμος δὲ δύο ἵππων τελείων συνωρὶς κληθεῖσα τρίτῃ μὲν Ὀλυμπιάδι ἐτέθη πρὸς ταῖς ἐνενήκοντα, Εὐαγόρας δὲ ἐνίκησεν Ἠλεῖος. | The contest of chariots drawn by a pair of fully grown horses was instituted at the ninety-third Olympiad, and Evagoras of Elis was victorious in it. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.10 | 3 | ἐνάτῃ δὲ ἤρεσεν Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἐνενηκοστῇ καὶ πώλων ἅρμασιν ἀγωνίζεσθαι· Λακεδαιμόνιος δὲ Συβαριάδης τὸν στέφανον τῶν πώλων ἔσχε τοῦ ἅρματος. | At the ninety-ninth Olympiad, a chariot race drawn by foals was also adopted, and Sybariades the Lacedaemonian won the crown with the chariot of foals. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.11 | 1 | προσέθεσαν δὲ ὕστερον καὶ συνωρίδα πώλων καὶ πῶλον κέλητα· | Later on they added a two-horse chariot race for colts, as well as a riding race with colts. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.11 | 2 | ἐπὶ μὲν δὴ τῇ συνωρίδι Βελιστίχην ἐκ Μακεδονίας τῆς ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ γυναῖκα, Τληπόλεμον δὲ Λύκιον ἀναγορευθῆναι λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τῷ κέλητι, τοῦτον μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς πρώτης καὶ τριακοστῆς τε καὶ ἑκατοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος, τῆς δὲ Βελιστίχης τὴν συνωρίδα Ὀλυμπιάδι πρὸ ταύτης τρίτῃ. | They say that Belistiche, a woman from maritime Macedonia, was proclaimed victor with the two-colt chariot, and Tlepolemus the Lycian won the riding race, he at the one hundred thirty-first Olympiad, and Belistiche's chariot three Olympiads earlier. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.11 | 3 | πέμπτῃ δὲ ἐπὶ ταῖς τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν ἆθλα ἐτέθη παγκρατίου παισί, καὶ ἐνίκα Φαίδιμος Αἰολεὺς ἐκ πόλεως Τρῳάδος. | At the one hundred forty-fifth Olympiad a boys' pankration contest was introduced, and Phaedimus, an Aeolian from a city in the Troad, was victorious. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.2 | 1 | Πέλοψ δὲ ὕστερον γενεᾷ μάλιστα μετὰ Ἐνδυμίωνα τὸν ἀγῶνα τῷ Ὀλυμπίῳ Διὶ ἐποίησεν ἀξιολογώτατα ἀνθρώπων τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ. | After Endymion, it was Pelops who later established the contest for Olympian Zeus in a manner most distinguished among all who preceded him. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.2 | 2 | Πέλοπος δὲ τῶν παίδων σκεδασθέντων ἐξ Ἤλιδος ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἄλλην Πελοπόννησον, Ἀμυθάων ὁ Κρηθέως Ἐνδυμίωνι ἀνεψιὸς πρὸς πατρός---εἶναι γάρ φασι καὶ Ἀέθλιον Αἰόλου, Διὸς δὲ ἐπίκλησιν---, ἔθηκεν ὁ Ἀμυθάων τὰ Ὀλύμπια, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὸν Πελίας τε καὶ Νηλεὺς ἐν κοινῷ. | When the sons of Pelops became scattered from Elis throughout the rest of the Peloponnese, Amythaon, son of Cretheus and cousin to Endymion on his father's side—for they say that Aethlius too was a son of Aeolus, though called a son of Zeus—Amythaon established the Olympic games, and after him Pelias and Neleus jointly maintained them. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.3 | 1 | ἔθηκε δὲ καὶ Αὐγέας καὶ Ἡρακλῆς ὁ Ἀμφιτρύωνος ἑλὼν Ἦλιν· | Augeas also established competitions, as did Heracles, son of Amphitryon, after conquering Elis. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.3 | 2 | ὁπόσους δὲ ἐστεφάνωσεν οὗτος νικῶντας, ἔστιν Ἰόλαος ταῖς Ἡρακλέους δραμὼν ἵπποις. | Among the victors crowned by him was Iolaus, who raced driving the horses belonging to Heracles. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.3 | 3 | ἦν δὲ ἄρα ἐκ παλαιοῦ καθεστηκὸς ἀγωνίζεσθαι καὶ ἀλλοτρίαις ἵπποις· | From ancient times indeed, it was an established practice to compete even with horses belonging to another. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.3 | 4 | Ὅμηρος γοῦν ἐν ἄθλοις τεθεῖσιν ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ πεποίηκεν ὡς Μενέλαος Αἴθῃ τῇ Ἀγαμέμνονος, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ χρήσαιτο τῶν ἵππων οἰκείῳ. | Homer, for example, in describing the games organized in honor of Patroclus, relates how Menelaus competed with Agamemnon's mare Aethe, while the other horse yoked with her was his own. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.4 | 1 | ἡνιόχει δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ὁ Ἰόλαος Ἡρακλεῖ τὰς ἵππους· αὐτός τε οὖν ἅρματι καὶ Ἰάσιος ἀνὴρ Ἀρκὰς κέλητος ἐνίκησεν ἵππου δρόμῳ, Τυνδάρεω δὲ οἱ παῖδες ὁ μὲν δρόμῳ, Πολυδεύκης δὲ πυκτεύων. | Iolaus also served otherwise as a charioteer, driving horses for Heracles; hence, he personally won with his chariot, while Iasius, an Arcadian man, won the mounted horse-race; among the sons of Tyndareus, one was victorious in the foot-race, while Polydeuces prevailed in boxing. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.4 | 2 | λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἐς αὐτὸν Ἡρακλέα ὡς πάλης τε ἀνέλοιτο καὶ παγκρατίου νίκας. | It is also said that Heracles himself won victories in both wrestling and the pankration. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.5 | 1 | μετὰ δὲ Ὄξυλον---διέθηκε γὰρ τὸν ἀγῶνα καὶ Ὄξυλος---, μετὰ τοῦτον βασιλεύσαντα ἐξέλιπεν ἄχρι Ἰφίτου τὰ Ὀλύμπια. | After Oxylus—for Oxylus had indeed settled the contest—the Olympic games died out following his reign until the time of Iphitus. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.5 | 2 | Ἰφίτου δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀνανεωσαμένου κατὰ τὰ ἤδη μοι λελεγμένα, τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἔτι ὑπῆρχε τῶν ἀρχαίων λήθη· καὶ κατʼ ὀλίγον ἐς ὑπόμνησιν ἤρχοντο αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁπότε τι ἀναμνησθεῖεν, ἐποιοῦντο τῷ ἀγῶνι προσθήκην. | But when Iphitus renewed the festival according to the manner that I have already described, men still remained forgetful of ancient customs; only gradually did they begin to recollect these traditions, and whenever they recalled something of the past, they added it to the contest. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.6 | 1 | δῆλον δέ· | The evidence for this is quite clear. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.6 | 2 | ἐξ οὗ γὰρ τὸ συνεχὲς ταῖς μνήμαις ἐπὶ ταῖς Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἐστί, δρόμου μὲν ἆθλα ἐτέθη πρῶτον, καὶ Ἠλεῖος Κόροιβος ἐνίκα· | For from the time when the continuous records of the Olympiads began, the first competitions held were those in running, and the Elean Coroebus was victorious. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.6 | 3 | εἰκὼν μὲν δὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τοῦ Κοροίβου, τάφος δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς πέρασι τῆς Ἠλείας. | There is indeed no statue of Coroebus at Olympia, but his tomb is at the boundaries of Elis. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.6 | 4 | Ὀλυμπιάδι δὲ ὕστερον τετάρτῃ καὶ δεκάτῃ προσετέθη σφίσι δίαυλος· | At the fourteenth Olympiad after this, the double-stadion race was added, and Hypenos of Pisa won the olive wreath in the double-stadion. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.6 | 5 | Ὕπηνος δὲ ἀνὴρ Πισαῖος ἀνείλετο ἐπὶ τῷ διαύλῳ τὸν κότινον, τῇ δὲ ἑξῆς ἐπὶ τῷ δολίχῳ Ἄκανθος Λακεδαιμόνιος. | In the Olympiad immediately thereafter, Acanthus of Sparta won the dolichos race. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.7 | 1 | ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς ὀγδόης καὶ δεκάτης Ὀλυμπιάδος πεντάθλου καὶ πάλης ἀφίκοντο ἐς μνήμην· καὶ τοῦ μὲν Λάμπιδι ὑπῆρξεν, Εὐρυβάτῳ δὲ ἡ νίκη τῆς πάλης, Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ τούτοις. | In the eighteenth Olympiad, the pentathlon and wrestling events were introduced into memory; Lampis won the pentathlon, and Eurybatus was victorious in wrestling, both men Spartans. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.7 | 2 | τρίτῃ δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ εἰκοστῇ πυγμῆς ἆθλα ἀπέδοσαν· Ὀνόμαστος δὲ ἐνίκησεν ἐκ Σμύρνης συντελούσης ἤδη τηνικαῦτα ἐς Ἴωνας. | In the twenty-third Olympiad, they awarded prizes for boxing, and Onomastus of Smyrna, which by then already belonged to the Ionians, won. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.7 | 3 | πέμπτῃ δὲ ἐπὶ ταῖς εἴκοσι κατεδέξαντο ἵππων τελείων δρόμον, καὶ ἀνηγορεύθη Θηβαῖος Παγώνδας κρατῶν ἅρματι. | In the twenty-fifth Olympiad, they included a race for full-grown horses, and Pagondas of Thebes was declared victorious with his chariot. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.8 | 1 | ὀγδόῃ δὲ ἀπὸ ταύτης Ὀλυμπιάδι ἐδέξαντο παγκρατιαστήν τε ἄνδρα καὶ ἵππον κέλητα· | In the eighth Olympiad after this one, they admitted a man for the pankration and a horse for the riding race. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.8 | 2 | ἵππος μὲν δὴ Κραννωνίου Κραυξίδα παρέφθη, τοὺς δὲ ἐσελθόντας ἐπὶ τὸ παγκράτιον ὁ Λύγδαμις κατειργάσατο Συρακούσιος. | The horse, in fact, was entered by Krauxidas from Krannon, and Lygdamis of Syracuse overcame those who competed in the pankration. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.8 | 3 | τούτῳ πρὸς ταῖς λιθοτομίαις ἐστὶν ἐν Συρακούσαις μνῆμα· εἰ δὲ καὶ Ἡρακλεῖ τῷ Θηβαίῳ μέγεθος παρισοῦτο ὁ Λύγδαμις, ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, λεγόμενον δὲ ὑπὸ Συρακουσίων ἐστί. | There is a monument to this man beside the stone quarries at Syracuse; whether indeed Lygdamis equaled the stature of Heracles of Thebes, I cannot say, but this is what the Syracusans report. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.9 | 1 | τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς παισὶν ἐς μὲν τῶν παλαιοτέρων οὐδεμίαν ἥκει μνήμην, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἀρέσαν σφίσι κατεστήσαντο Ἠλεῖοι. | Regarding the contests for boys, no tradition reaches back into the more ancient times, but the Eleans themselves established them according to their preference. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.9 | 2 | δρόμου μὲν δὴ καὶ πάλης ἐτέθη παισὶν ἆθλα ἐπὶ τῆς ἑβδόμης καὶ τριακοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος, καὶ Ἱπποσθένης Λακεδαιμόνιος πάλην, Πολυνείκης δὲ τὸν δρόμον ἐνίκησεν Ἠλεῖος. | Prizes for running and wrestling for boys were first introduced during the thirty-seventh Olympiad; Hipposthenes of Sparta was victorious in wrestling, and Polyneikes of Elis in running. | ? | ? |
| 5.8.9 | 3 | πρώτῃ δὲ ἐπὶ ταῖς τεσσαράκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι πύκτας ἐσεκάλεσαν παῖδας, καὶ περιῆν τῶν ἐσελθόντων Συβαρίτης Φιλύτας. | In the forty-first Olympiad, they first introduced boxing for the boys, and Philytas from Sybaris defeated the other contestants. | ? | ? |