Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.15.1 | 1 | Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ παρά τε τῶν ἀνδρῶν διδαχθέντες οὓς ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀπέστειλαν καὶ ἐκ τῶν γραμμάτων ἃ Μέτελλος ἐπέστελλεν, ἀδικεῖν Ἀχαιῶν κατέγνωσαν· | The Romans, having learned from the men whom they had dispatched to Greece and from the letters sent by Metellus, concluded that the Achaeans were acting unjustly. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.1 | 2 | καὶ ἦν γὰρ Μόμμιός σφισιν ὕπατος τότε ᾑρημένος, τοῦτον ναῦς τε καὶ στρατιὰν πεζὴν ἐκέλευον ἐπʼ Ἀχαιοὺς ἄγειν. | Therefore, as Mummius was at that time chosen consul, they instructed him to lead both a fleet and an infantry force against the Achaeans. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.1 | 3 | Μέτελλος δὲ παραυτίκα ἐπέπυστο ὡς Μόμμιος καὶ ὁ σὺν αὐτῷ στρατὸς ἐπὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀφίκοιτο· καὶ ἐποιεῖτο σπουδήν, εἰ ἐπιθεὶς αὐτὸς πέρας τῷ πολέμῳ φανῇ πρὶν ἢ Μόμμιον ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀφῖχθαι. | Metellus soon learned that Mummius and his army were coming against the Achaeans; thus he hurried to bring the war quickly to a conclusion himself, hoping to end it before Mummius reached Greece. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.10 | 1 | Μέτελλος δὲ οὔτε ἱερὰ ἐμπιπράναι θεῶν οὔτε οἰκοδομήματα καθαιρεῖν εἴα, Θηβαίων τε τῶν ἄλλων μήτε ἀποκτεῖναι μηδένα μήτε αἱρεῖν φεύγοντα ἀπηγόρευε· | But Metellus would allow neither the burning of temples of gods nor the destruction of buildings, and he forbade anyone to kill or even seize in flight any of the other Thebans. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.10 | 2 | Πυθέαν δὲ ἢν ἕλωσιν, ἀνάγειν ἐκέλευσεν ὡς αὐτόν· | However, he gave orders that, if they captured Pytheas, they should bring him before himself. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.10 | 3 | ἐξεύρητό τε δὴ αὐτίκα ὁ Πυθέας καὶ ἀναχθεὶς δίκην εἶχεν. | Pytheas was immediately discovered and, upon being brought, stood trial. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.10 | 4 | ὡς δὲ πλησίον Μεγάρων ἐγίνετο ὁ στρατός, οὔτε ὑπέμειναν οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀλκαμένην καὶ αὐτίκα ἐς Κόρινθον παρὰ τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸ Ἀχαιῶν ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες. | As the army was approaching Megara, the forces with Alcamenes did not await them, but immediately fled toward Corinth to the encampment of the Achaeans. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.11 | 1 | καὶ Μεγαρεῖς μὲν παραδιδόασιν ἀμαχεὶ Ῥωμαίοις τὴν πόλιν, Μέτελλος δὲ ὡς ἀφίκετο παρὰ τὸν ἰσθμόν, ἐπεκηρυκεύετο καὶ τότε Ἀχαιοῖς ἐς εἰρήνην καὶ ὁμολογίας προκαλούμενος· | The Megarians surrendered their city to the Romans without a fight, and when Metellus arrived at the Isthmus, once more he sent envoys to the Achaeans, urging them toward peace and offering terms. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.11 | 2 | ἰσχυρὸς γάρ τις ἐνέκειτο αὐτῷ πόθος τὰ ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ τε ὁμοῦ καὶ τὰ Ἀχαιῶν κατεργασθῆναι διʼ αὐτοῦ. | For he was strongly possessed by a desire personally to bring under his own control affairs in Macedonia as well as those involving the Achaeans. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.11 | 3 | τούτῳ μὲν ταῦτα ἐσπευκότι Δίαιος ἠναντιοῦτο ὑπὸ ἀγνωμοσύνης· | Yet against this eagerness, Diaeus stubbornly opposed out of reckless obstinacy. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.2 | 1 | ἀγγέλους οὖν παρὰ τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ἀπέστελλεν, ἀφιέναι κελεύων σφᾶς συντελείας Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ πόλεις ἄλλας ὁπόσας εἴρητο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, τῆς τε ἐκ τοῦ χρόνου τοῦ προτέρου σφίσιν ἀπειθείας οὐδεμίαν παρὰ Ῥωμαίων ὑπισχνεῖτο ὀργὴν γενήσεσθαι. | Therefore he sent envoys to the Achaeans, ordering them to release from their confederacy Sparta and the other cities specified by the Romans, and promising that, despite their previous disobedience, they would incur no anger from the Romans. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.2 | 2 | ἅμα τε δὴ ταῦτα ἐπεκηρυκεύετο καὶ ἤλαυνεν ἐκ Μακεδονίας τὸν στρατόν, διὰ Θεσσαλίας τὴν πορείαν καὶ παρὰ τὸν Λαμιακὸν ποιούμενος κόλπον. | While making these proclamations, he simultaneously advanced his army from Macedonia through Thessaly, moving along the coast by the gulf of Lamia. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.2 | 3 | Κριτόλαος δὲ καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ λόγον μὲν φέροντα ἐς σύμβασιν προσίεντο οὐδένα, Ἡράκλειαν δὲ προσεκάθηντο πολιορκοῦντες οὐ βουλομένους ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν συντελεῖν. | Critolaus and the Achaeans, however, rejected all overtures toward reconciliation, and proceeded instead to besiege Herakleia, which refused to join the Achaean League. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.3 | 1 | τότε δὲ ὡς παρὰ τῶν κατασκόπων ἐπυνθάνετο ὁ Κριτόλαος Μέτελλον καὶ Ῥωμαίους διαβεβηκέναι τὸν Σπερχειόν, ἀπέφευγεν ἐς Σκάρφειαν τὴν Λοκρῶν, οὐδὲ κατὰ τὸ στενὸν τὸ Ἡρακλείας τε μεταξὺ καὶ Θερμοπυλῶν τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς τάξας ἐτόλμησεν ὑπομεῖναι Μέτελλον· | Then, when Critolaus learned from his spies that Metellus and the Romans had crossed the Spercheius, he retreated to Scarpheia in Locris; nor did he venture to arrange the Achaeans and await Metellus at the narrow pass lying between Heraclea and Thermopylae. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.3 | 2 | ἀλλὰ ἐς τοσοῦτο ἀφίκετο δείματος ὡς μηδὲ αὐτὸ ποιήσασθαι τὸ χωρίον πρὸς ἀμείνονος ἐλπίδος, ἔνθα ἦν μὲν Λακεδαιμονίοις ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ ἐς Μήδους, ἦν δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις τὰ ἐς Γαλάτας οὐδὲν ἀφανέστερα ἐκείνων τολμήματα. | Indeed, such fear overtook him that he did not even attempt to make a stand at a site where there might have been a better hope, the very place where the Spartans had fought for Greece against the Persians, and where the Athenians had performed deeds no less remarkable against the Gauls. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.4 | 1 | ὑποφεύγοντας δὲ Κριτόλαον καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς αἱροῦσιν ὀλίγον πρὸ τῆς Σκαρφείας οἱ ὁμοῦ τῷ Μετέλλῳ, καὶ ἀπέκτεινάν τε πλήθει πολλοὺς καὶ ἔλαβον ζῶντας ὅσον χιλίους. | While Critolaus and the Achaeans were fleeing, those accompanying Metellus overtook them a little before the city of Scarphaea, killing a great number, and capturing alive about a thousand men. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.4 | 2 | Κριτόλαος δὲ οὔτε ὤφθη ζῶν μετὰ τὴν μάχην οὔτε ἐν τοῖς νεκροῖς εὑρέθη· | Critolaus himself was neither seen alive after the battle nor found among the dead. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.4 | 3 | εἰ δὲ ἐτόλμησε τῆς πρὸς τῇ Οἴτῃ θαλάσσης ἐς ταύτης καταδῦναι τὸ τέλμα, παντάπασιν ἔμελλεν ἄγνωστός τε καὶ ἄπυστος οἰχήσεσθαι κατὰ τοῦ βυθοῦ. | If indeed he ventured into the marsh beside the sea near Mount Oeta, he must have utterly vanished, unknown and unheard of, into its depths. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.5 | 1 | ἐς μὲν οὖν τὴν Κριτολάου τελευτὴν καὶ ἄλλα πάρεστιν εἰκάζειν· | Regarding, therefore, the manner of Critolaus' end, there are indeed other possibilities one may conjecture. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.5 | 2 | Ἀρκάδων δὲ ἐξεστρατευμένοι λογάδες χίλιοι, οἳ Κριτολάῳ τοῦ ἔργου μετέσχον, προῆλθον μὲν ἄχρι Ἐλατείας τῆς Φωκέων καὶ ἐς τὴν πόλιν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν κατὰ συγγένειαν δή τινα παλαιὰν ἐδέχθησαν· | A chosen force of a thousand Arcadians, who had joined Critolaus' enterprise, advanced as far as Elateia in Phocis, and were admitted into the city by the inhabitants themselves because of some ancient kinship. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.5 | 3 | ὡς δὲ τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἡ Κριτολάου συμφορὰ καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἀπηγγέλλετο, ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ τῆς Ἐλατείας κελεύουσι τοὺς Ἀρκάδας. | But when the disaster of Critolaus and the Achaeans was reported to the Phokians, they commanded the Arcadians to depart from Elateia. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.6 | 1 | ἀπιοῦσι δὲ ὀπίσω σφίσιν ἐς τὴν Πελοπόννησον Μέτελλος καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι περὶ Χαιρώνειαν ἐπιφαίνονται· | On their retreat back toward the Peloponnesus, Metellus and the Romans attacked them near Chaeroneia. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.6 | 2 | ἔνθα δὴ ἐπελάμβανε τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἐκ θεῶν δίκη τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν, οἳ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ Φιλίππου καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐναντία ἀγωνιζομένους ἐγκαταλιπόντες Ἕλληνας τότε ἐν χωρίῳ τῷ αὐτῷ ἐκτείνοντο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων. | Here indeed divine justice overtook the Arcadians for their betrayal of the Greek cause; having deserted the Greeks at Chaeroneia when they fought against Philip and the Macedonians, they were now laid low by the Romans in the very same place. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.7 | 1 | Ἀχαιοῖς δὲ αὖθις ἐπὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τοῦ στρατεύματος παρῄει Δίαιος· | Once again the leadership of the army among the Achaeans devolved upon Diaeus. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.7 | 2 | καὶ δούλους τε ἐς ἐλευθερίαν ἠφίει, τὸ Μιλτιάδου καὶ Ἀθηναίων βούλευμα τὸ πρὸ τοῦ ἔργου τοῦ ἐν Μαραθῶνι μιμούμενος, καὶ Ἀχαιῶν συνέλεγε καὶ Ἀρκάδων ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων τοὺς ἐν ἡλικίᾳ· | He granted freedom to slaves, imitating the policy adopted previously by Miltiades and the Athenians before the battle of Marathon, and he gathered all the men in their prime from among the cities of the Achaeans and Arcadians. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.7 | 3 | ἐγένετο δέ, ἀναμεμιγμένων ὁμοῦ καὶ οἰκετῶν, τὸ ἀθροισθὲν ἐς ἑξακοσίους μὲν μάλιστα ἀριθμὸν ἱππεῖς, τὸ δὲ ὁπλιτεῦον τετρακισχίλιοί τε καὶ μύριοι. | The assembled army, including the slaves now mingled within it, amounted approximately to six hundred cavalry and fourteen thousand infantrymen. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.8 | 1 | ἐνταῦθα ὁ Δίαιος ἐς ἅπαν ἀφίκετο ἀνοίας, ὃς Κριτόλαον καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἀχαιῶν ἐπιστάμενος παρασκευὴν κακῶς οὕτως ἀγωνισαμένην πρὸς Μέτελλον ἀπέλεξεν αὐτὸς ὅσον τετρακισχιλίους· καὶ ἄρχοντα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἔταξεν Ἀλκαμένην. | At this point, Diaeus reached the extreme of folly; for though fully aware that Critolaus and all the forces of the Achaeans had fought disastrously against Metellus, he himself chose out about four thousand men and appointed Alcamenes as commander over them. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.8 | 2 | ἀπεστέλλοντο δὲ ἐς Μέγαρα φρουρά τε εἶναι Μεγαρεῦσι τοῦ ἄστεως καί, ἢν Μέτελλος ἐπίῃ καὶ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, τοῦ πρόσω σφᾶς κωλύειν. | They were sent off to Megara both to guard the city for the Megarians and, in case Metellus and the Romans advanced, to prevent their further progress. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.9 | 1 | Μέτελλος δὲ ὡς οἱ περὶ Χαιρώνειαν λογάδες κατέστρωντο οἱ Ἀρκάδων, ἀναστήσας τὸ στράτευμα ἤλαυνεν ἐπὶ τὰς Θήβας· | When Metellus saw that the chosen Arcadian troops near Chaeroneia had been cut down, he set his army in motion and marched against Thebes. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.9 | 2 | Ἡράκλειάν τε γὰρ ἐπολιόρκησαν οἱ Θηβαῖοι μετὰ Ἀχαιῶν καὶ ἀγῶνος τοῦ πρὸς Σκάρφειαν μετεσχήκεσαν. | For the Thebans, in alliance with the Achaeans, had been besieging Herakleia and had taken part in the battle at Scarphaea. | ? | ? |
| 7.15.9 | 3 | τότε δὲ αὐτοί τε καὶ γυναῖκες ἐκλελοιπότες πᾶσα ἡλικία τὴν πόλιν ἐπλανῶντο ἀνὰ τὴν Βοιωτίαν καὶ ἐς τῶν ὀρῶν τὰ ἄκρα ἀνέφευγον. | Now, however, the Thebans themselves—men and women of every age—abandoned their city and wandered helplessly throughout Boeotia, taking refuge on the highest peaks of the mountains. | ? | ? |