Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.16.1 | 1 | Μόμμιος δὲ Ὀρέστην ἅμα ἀγόμενος, τὸν πρότερον ἐπὶ τῇ Λακεδαιμονίων διαφορᾷ καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθόντα, ἀφίκετο μὲν περὶ ὄρθρον ἐς τὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στράτευμα, ἀποπέμψας δὲ ἐς Μακεδονίαν Μέτελλον καὶ ὅσον εἵπετο ἐκείνῳ, ἀνέμενεν αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ ἰσθμῷ τὴν πᾶσαν ἀθροισθῆναι παρασκευήν. | Mummius, having taken with him Orestes, who had earlier come during the dispute involving the Lacedaemonians and the Achaeans, reached the camp of the Romans around dawn. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.1 | 2 | ἀφίκετο δὲ ἱππικὸν μὲν πεντακόσιοί τε καὶ τρισχίλιοι, τοῦ πεζοῦ δὲ ἀριθμὸς ἐγένετο ἐς μυριάδας δύο προσόντων καὶ τούτοις τρισχιλίων· | Having sent forward Metellus and the forces accompanying him into Macedonia, he himself waited at the Isthmus, until his whole army had assembled. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.1 | 3 | ἐπῆλθον δὲ καὶ τοξόται Κρῆτες καὶ ἐκ Περγάμου τῆς ὑπὲρ Καΐκου Φιλοποίμην στρατιώτας ἄγων παρὰ Ἀττάλου. | The cavalry numbered three thousand five hundred, and the infantry amounted to twenty-three thousand men; there also arrived Cretan archers and Philopoemen, who led soldiers sent by Attalus from Pergamum beyond the Caicus. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.10 | 1 | ἔτεσι δὲ οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ἐτράποντο ἐς ἔλεον Ῥωμαῖοι τῆς Ἑλλάδος, καὶ συνέδριά τε κατὰ ἔθνος ἀποδιδόασιν ἑκάστοις τὰ ἀρχαῖα καὶ τὸ ἐν τῇ ὑπερορίᾳ κτᾶσθαι, ἀφῆκαν δὲ καὶ ὅσοις ἐπιβεβλήκει Μόμμιος ζημίαν· | Not many years later, the Romans turned to pity Greece: they restored to each people their ancient rights to assemble and granted them again permission to acquire property overseas; they also relieved those nations upon whom Mummius had imposed fines. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.10 | 2 | Βοιωτούς τε γὰρ Ἡρακλεώταις καὶ Εὐβοεῦσι τάλαντα ἑκατὸν καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς Λακεδαιμονίοις διακόσια ἐκέλευσεν ἐκτῖσαι. | For he had ordered the Boeotians to pay one hundred talents to the people of Heraclea and Euboea, and the Achaeans two hundred to the Spartans. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.10 | 3 | τούτων μὲν δὴ ἄφεσιν παρὰ Ῥωμαίων εὕροντο Ἕλληνες, ἡγεμὼν δὲ ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἀπεστέλλετο· | From these penalties, then, the Greeks received pardon from the Romans. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.10 | 4 | καλοῦσι δὲ οὐχ Ἑλλάδος, ἀλλὰ Ἀχαΐας ἡγεμόνα οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, διότι ἐχειρώσαντο Ἕλληνας διʼ Ἀχαιῶν τότε τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ προεστηκότων. | Still, a governor continued to be sent even in my time; but the Romans called him governor, not of Greece, but of Achaia, since they had subdued the Greeks through the Achaeans who were at that time foremost among the Hellenic nations. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.10 | 5 | ὁ δὲ πόλεμος ἔσχεν οὗτος τέλος Ἀντιθέου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, Ὀλυμπιάδι δὲ ἑξηκοστῇ πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν, ἣν ἐνίκα Διόδωρος Σικυώνιος. | This war came to an end when Antitheus was archon at Athens, in the one-hundred-sixtieth Olympiad, in which Diodorus of Sicyon won the victory. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.2 | 1 | Μόμμιος μὲν δὴ τῶν τε ἐξ Ἰταλίας τινὰς καὶ τὰ ἐπικουρικὰ ἀπωτέρω δύο τε καὶ δέκα ἔταξε σταδίοις, πρὸ τοῦ παντὸς εἶναι στρατεύματος φυλακήν· | Mummius had placed some of his Italian troops as well as his auxiliary forces twelve stades further forward, in front of the whole army, as a guard. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.2 | 2 | Ἀχαιοὶ δέ, ἐχόντων ἀφυλακτότερον ὑπὸ φρονήματος τῶν Ῥωμαίων, ἐπιτίθενται τοῖς ἐπὶ φυλακῆς αὐτοῖς τῆς πρώτης, καὶ τοὺς μὲν φονεύουσι, πλείονας δὲ ἔτι ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον κατεῖρξαν, καὶ ἀσπίδας ὅσον τε πεντακοσίας εἷλον. | The Achaeans, observing that these sentinels were carelessly posted due to Roman arrogance, attacked their forward guard, killed some, and drove the greater part back into the Roman camp, capturing as many as five hundred shields. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.2 | 3 | ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ ἔργου καὶ ἐπήρθησαν οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ ποιήσασθαι τὴν ἔξοδον πρότερον πρὶν ἢ Ῥωμαίους ἄρχειν μάχης· | Encouraged by this success, the Achaeans were emboldened to sally forth first, before the Romans could initiate the battle. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.3 | 1 | ὡς δὲ ἀντεπῆγε καὶ ὁ Μόμμιος, οἱ μὲν ἐς τὸ ἱππικὸν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ταχθέντες αὐτίκα ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες, τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἵππου μηδὲ τὴν πρώτην ἔφοδον ὑπομείναντες· | When Mummius also advanced to confront them, those who had been assigned to the Achaean cavalry immediately turned and fled, unable even to withstand the first charge of the Roman horse. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.3 | 2 | ὁ δὲ πεζὸς στρατὸς ἀθύμως μὲν εἶχεν ἐπὶ τῶν ἱππέων τῇ τροπῇ, δεξάμενοι δὲ τὴν ἐμβολὴν τοῦ ὁπλιτικοῦ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων βιαζόμενοί τε τῷ πλήθει καὶ ἀπαγορεύοντες τοῖς τραύμασιν ὅμως ἀντεῖχον ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ, πρίν γε δὴ Ῥωμαίων λογάδες χίλιοι προσπεσόντες κατὰ τὰ πλάγια ἐς τελέαν τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς φυγὴν κατέστησαν. | The infantry was dispirited by the rout of their horsemen, yet when they received the attack of the Roman foot-soldiers, fiercely pressed by superior numbers and weakened by their wounds, they nevertheless held their ground through sheer determination—until finally a thousand picked Romans fell upon their flank and forced the Achaeans into a full and total flight. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.4 | 1 | εἰ δὲ ἐτόλμησεν ἐσδραμεῖν μετὰ τὴν μάχην Δίαιος ἐς Κόρινθον καὶ ὑποδέξασθαι τῷ τείχει τοὺς διαπίπτοντας ἐκ τῆς φυγῆς, κἂν εὕρασθαί τι παρὰ Μομμίου οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ φιλάνθρωπον ἐδυνήθησαν, ἐς πολιορκίαν καὶ τριβὴν πολέμου καταστάντες· | But if Diaeus, after the battle, had dared to hasten into Corinth and had received within its walls those fleeing from their defeat, the Achaeans might have found some humane treatment from Mummius, by establishing themselves for a siege and the wear of warfare. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.4 | 2 | νῦν δὲ ἀρχομένων ἔτι ἐνδιδόναι τῶν Ἀχαιῶν εὐθὺ Μεγάλης πόλεως ἔφευγεν ὁ Δίαιος, οὐδέν τι γενόμενος ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς ὅμοιος ἢ καὶ Καλλίστρατος ὁ Ἐμπέδου πρὸς Ἀθηναίους. | But now, with the Achaeans only just beginning to yield, Diaeus immediately fled from the great city, proving himself towards the Achaeans no different from Callistratus, son of Empedus, towards the Athenians. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.5 | 1 | τούτῳ γὰρ τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἱππαρχήσαντι ἐν Σικελίᾳ, ὅτε Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ὅσοι ἄλλοι τοῦ στόλου μετεσχήκεσαν ἀπώλλυντο πρὸς τῷ ποταμῷ τότε τῷ Ἀσινάρῳ, τούτῳ τότε τῷ Καλλιστράτῳ παρέστη τόλμα διεκπαῖσαι διὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἄγοντι τοὺς ἱππέας· | For when this man was commanding the cavalry in Sicily, at the time when the Athenians and all others who shared in their expedition were being destroyed by the river called Asinaros, precisely then Callistratos had sufficient courage to lead his horsemen out, cutting through the enemy ranks. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.5 | 2 | ὡς δὲ τὸ πολὺ ἀπέσωσεν αὐτῶν ἐς Κατάνην, ἀνέστρεφεν ὀπίσω τὴν αὐτὴν αὖθις ὁδὸν ἐς Συρακούσας, διαρπάζοντας δὲ ἔτι εὑρὼν τὸ Ἀθηναίων στρατόπεδον καταβάλλει τε ὅσον πέντε ἐξ αὐτῶν, καὶ τραύματα ἐπίκαιρα αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ ἵππος λαβόντες ἀφιᾶσι τὴν ψυχήν. | After saving most of them and bringing them safely to Katane, he turned back again along the same road towards Syracuse; and finding the Athenian camp still being plundered, he slew about five of the enemy before both he himself and his horse, having received severe wounds, surrendered their lives. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.6 | 1 | οὗτος μὲν δὴ ἀγαθὴν δόξαν Ἀθηναίοις καὶ αὑτῷ κτώμενος περιεποίησέ τε ὧν ἦρχε καὶ ἐτελεύτησεν αὐτὸς ἑκουσίως· | This man, indeed, gained for the Athenians and himself a noble reputation, preserved those he governed, and willingly met his own end. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.6 | 2 | Δίαιος δὲ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀπολωλεκὼς Μεγαλοπολίταις κακῶν τῶν ἐφεστηκότων ἧκεν ἄγγελος, ἀποκτείνας δὲ αὐτοχειρὶ τὴν γυναῖκα, ἵνα δὴ μὴ γένοιτο αἰχμάλωτος, τελευτᾷ πιὼν φάρμακον, ἐοικυῖαν μὲν παρασχόμενος Μεναλκίδᾳ τὴν ἐς χρήματα πλεονεξίαν, ἐοικυῖαν δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐς τὸν θάνατον δειλίαν. | Diaeus, however, after ruining the Achaeans, brought news to the Megalopolitans of the disasters that had befallen them; then, having slain his wife with his own hand to prevent her from becoming a captive, he ended his own life by drinking poison. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.7 | 1 | Ἀχαιῶν δὲ οἱ ἐς Κόρινθον ἀποσωθέντες μετὰ τὴν μάχην ἀπεδίδρασκον ὑπὸ νύκτα εὐθύς· ἀπεδίδρασκον δὲ καὶ αὐτῶν Κορινθίων οἱ πολλοί. | Those of the Achaeans who survived the battle and managed to escape into Corinth fled immediately by night; most of the Corinthians themselves also deserted. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.7 | 2 | Μόμμιος δὲ τὸ μὲν παραυτίκα, ἀναπεπταμένων ὅμως τῶν πυλῶν, ἐπεῖχεν ἐς τὴν Κόρινθον παρελθεῖν, ὑποκαθῆσθαί τινα ἐντὸς τοῦ τείχους ὑποπτεύων ἐνέδραν· | Mummius, however, hesitated at first to advance directly into Corinth, although its gates were still wide open, suspecting that an ambush lay waiting within its walls. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.7 | 3 | τρίτῃ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ μετὰ τὴν μάχην ᾕρει τε κατὰ κράτος καὶ ἔκαιε Κόρινθον. | On the third day after the battle, he assaulted and captured Corinth by storm and set it on fire. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.8 | 1 | τῶν δὲ ἐγκαταληφθέντων τὸ μὲν πολὺ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι φονεύουσι, γυναῖκας δὲ καὶ παῖδας ἀπέδοτο Μόμμιος· | Of those who were captured, the Romans slew the majority; women and children were sold into slavery by Mummius. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.8 | 2 | ἀπέδοτο δὲ καὶ οἰκέτας, ὅσοι τῶν ἐς ἐλευθερίαν ἀφεθέντων καὶ μαχεσαμένων μετὰ Ἀχαιῶν μὴ εὐθὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ πολέμου τὸ ἔργον ἐτεθνήκεσαν. | He likewise sold those slaves who, having previously been freed, had fought alongside the Achaeans and had not immediately perished in the course of battle. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.8 | 3 | ἀναθημάτων δὲ καὶ τοῦ ἄλλου κόσμου τὰ μὲν μάλιστα ἀνήκοντα ἐς θαῦμα ἀνήγετο, τὰ δὲ ἐκείνοις οὐχ ὁμοίου λόγου Φιλοποίμενι ὁ Μόμμιος τῷ παρʼ Ἀττάλου στρατηγῷ δίδωσι· | Among the votive offerings and other adornments, those exceptionally notable for their wonder were taken away, while those of lesser account were given by Mummius to Philopoemen, the general serving under Attalus. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.8 | 4 | καὶ ἦν Περγαμηνοῖς καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι λάφυρα Κορίνθια. | Thus even in my own time the Pergamenes still possessed Corinthian spoils. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.9 | 1 | πόλεων δέ, ὅσαι Ῥωμαίων ἐναντία ἐπολέμησαν, τείχη μὲν ὁ Μόμμιος κατέλυε καὶ ὅπλα ἀφῃρεῖτο πρὶν ἢ καὶ συμβούλους ἀποσταλῆναι παρὰ Ῥωμαίων· | As for the cities which took up arms and fought against the Romans, Mummius pulled down their walls and took away their weapons even before the commissioners sent by the Romans had arrived. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.9 | 2 | ὡς δὲ ἀφίκοντο οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ βουλευσόμενοι, ἐνταῦθα δημοκρατίας μὲν κατέπαυε, καθίστα δὲ ἀπὸ τιμημάτων τὰς ἀρχάς· | When those advisers joined him to conduct their deliberations, he abolished democracies and established magistracies based upon property qualifications. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.9 | 3 | καὶ φόρος τε ἐτάχθη τῇ Ἑλλάδι καὶ οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες ἐκωλύοντο ἐν τῇ ὑπερορίᾳ κτᾶσθαι· | Tribute was imposed upon Greece, and those who held property were forbidden to acquire possessions abroad. | ? | ? |
| 7.16.9 | 4 | συνέδριά τε κατὰ ἔθνος τὰ ἑκάστων, Ἀχαιῶν καὶ τὸ ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἢ Βοιωτοῖς ἢ ἑτέρωθί που τῆς Ἑλλάδος, κατελέλυτο ὁμοίως πάντα. | The assemblies according to each people's nationality—the Achaean assembly, as well as those held among the Phokians or Boeotians, or anywhere else in Greece—all these were equally abolished. | ? | ? |