Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.7.1 | 1 | Ἑλλήνων δὲ οὐ τασσομένων τηνικαῦτα ἔτι ἐν κοινῷ, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἑκάστων κατὰ σφᾶς συνισταμένων, οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ μάλιστα ἴσχυον· τυράννων τε γὰρ πλὴν Πελλήνης αἱ ἄλλαι πόλεις τὸν χρόνον ἅπαντα ἀπείρως ἐσχήκεσαν αἵ τε ἐκ πολέμων καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς νόσου συμφοραὶ τῆς λοιμώδους οὐκ ἐς τοσοῦτο Ἀχαιοῖς ἐφʼ ὅσον τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐγένοντο Ἕλλησι. | At that time, the Greeks no longer formed alliances as a unified whole, but each people consolidated independently for their own interests, and among these groups the Achaeans were especially strong; apart from Pellene, the rest of their cities had remained entirely free from tyrants, and furthermore the misfortunes caused by wars and the devastating plague affected the Achaeans far less severely than other Greeks. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.1 | 2 | συνέδριόν τε οὖν Ἀχαϊκὸν καλούμενον καὶ ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λόγου βουλεύματά τε ἦν Ἀχαιοῖς καὶ τὰ ἔργα. | Thus, the Achaeans had an assembly called the Achaean League, through which they made decisions collectively, and both their resolutions and actions were determined by common consent. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.2 | 1 | ἀθροίζεσθαι δὲ ἐς Αἴγιόν σφισιν ἔδοξεν· αὕτη γὰρ μετὰ Ἑλίκην ἐπικλυσθεῖσαν πόλεων ἐν Ἀχαΐᾳ τῶν ἄλλων δόξῃ προεῖχεν ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ἴσχυεν ἐν τῷ τότε. | They decided to gather at Aigion, for among the cities of Achaia this city had, from ancient times, held precedence in reputation above all the others after the flooding of Helice and retained its strength even then. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.2 | 2 | Ἑλλήνων δὲ τῶν λοιπῶν Σικυώνιοι συνεδρίου πρῶτοι τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν μετέσχον, μετὰ δὲ Σικυωνίους ἐσῄεσαν ἤδη καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Πελοποννησίων οἱ μὲν αὐτίκα, οἱ δὲ χρόνον τινὰ ἐπισχόντες· τοὺς δὲ καὶ ἐκτὸς οἰκοῦντας τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ συντελεῖν ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς ἔπειθεν, ὅτι ἐς πλέον ἰσχύος προϊὸν ἑώρων ἀεὶ τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν. | Of the remaining Greeks, the Sicyonians were the first to take part in the Achaean assembly; after the Sicyonians, others among the Peloponnesians also joined, some immediately and others after some hesitation; even inhabitants beyond the Isthmus were persuaded to join the Achaeans, since they saw clearly that the Achaian league was continually increasing in power. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.3 | 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ Ἑλλήνων μόνοι διάφοροί τε Ἀχαιοῖς τὰ μάλιστα ἦσαν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ πόλεμόν σφισιν ἐπῆγον. | The Lacedaemonians alone of the Greeks were especially hostile to the Achaeans and openly made war upon them. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.3 | 2 | Πελλήνην μέν γε Ἀχαιῶν πόλιν Ἆγις εἷλεν ὁ Εὐδαμίδου βασιλεύων ἐν τῇ Σπάρτῃ, καὶ ἐξέπεσεν αὐτίκα ἐκ Πελλήνης ὑπὸ Ἀράτου καὶ Σικυωνίων· | Indeed, Agis, the son of Eudamidas, who was king in Sparta, captured Pellene, a city belonging to the Achaeans; however, he was soon expelled from Pellene by Aratus and the Sicyonians. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.3 | 3 | Κλεομένης δὲ ὁ Λεωνίδου τοῦ Κλεωνύμου, βασιλεὺς οἰκίας τῆς ἑτέρας, ἀντικαθημένους Ἄρατον καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς πρὸς Δύμῃ παρὰ πολύ τε ἐκράτησεν ἐλθόντας ἐς χεῖρας καὶ ὕστερον Ἀχαιοῖς καὶ Ἀντιγόνῳ συνέθετο εἰρήνην. | Later, Cleomenes, son of Leonidas, the son of Cleonymus, king from the other royal house, completely defeated near Dyme Aratus and the Achaeans who confronted him in battle, and subsequently concluded peace with the Achaeans and Antigonus. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.4 | 1 | Ἀντίγονος δὲ οὗτος τηνικαῦτα ἀρχὴν τὴν Μακεδόνων εἶχεν, ἐπιτροπεύων Φίλιππον τὸν Δημητρίου παῖδα ἔτι ἡλικίαν ὄντα· | At that time this Antigonus held the rule of the Macedonians, acting as guardian for Philip, the son of Demetrius, who was still a boy. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.4 | 2 | ἦν δὲ καὶ ἀνεψιὸς τῷ Φιλίππῳ καὶ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ συνῴκει. | He was also Philip's cousin and lived with his mother. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.4 | 3 | πρὸς τοῦτον οὖν τὸν Ἀντίγονον καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ποιησάμενος ὁ Κλεομένης σπονδὰς καὶ αὐτίκα παραβὰς ὅσα ὤμοσεν ἠνδραποδίσατο Ἀρκάδων Μεγάλην πόλιν· | Now Cleomenes made a treaty with this Antigonus and the Achaeans, but at once breaking all his sworn oaths, he enslaved Megalopolis in Arcadia. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.4 | 4 | Λακεδαιμονίοις τε τὸ ἐν Σελλασίᾳ πταῖσμα πρὸς Ἀχαιοὺς καὶ Ἀντίγονον Κλεομένους ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπιορκίας τῆς ἐκείνου συνέβη. | Because of Cleomenes and his perjury, the Lacedaemonians suffered their defeat at Sellasia by the Achaeans and Antigonus. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.4 | 5 | Κλεομένους μὲν δὴ καὶ αὖθις ἐν λόγοις τοῖς Ἀρκαδικοῖς ἀφιξόμεθα ἐς μνήμην· | Cleomenes, however, we shall mention again later in the Arcadian account. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.5 | 1 | Φίλιππος δὲ ὁ Δημητρίου τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀρχήν, ὡς ἀφίκετο ἐς ἄνδρας, παρὰ ἑκόντος Ἀντιγόνου λαβὼν φόβον τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν ἐνεποίησε, τὰ Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου, προγόνου μὲν οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ, τῷ δὲ ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ δεσπότου, τά τε ἄλλα αὐτοῦ μιμούμενος καὶ τὰ ἐς θεραπείαν ὅσοις πατρίδας ἀρεστὰ ἦν ἐπʼ οἰκείοις προδιδόναι κέρδεσι. | Philip, the son of Demetrius, having taken the kingdom of Macedon from Antigonus with his consent when he arrived at manhood, inspired fear among all the Greeks; he imitated Philip, son of Amyntas—who was, in truth, not his ancestor but rather his master—in all things, including his policy of rewarding those who willingly betrayed their native cities for personal gain. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.5 | 2 | προπίνειν δὲ παρὰ τὰ συμπόσια ἐπὶ δεξιότητι καὶ φιλίᾳ κύλικας οὐκ οἴνου, φαρμάκων δὲ ἐς ὄλεθρον ἀνθρώποις, ἃ δὴ ὁ μὲν τοῦ Ἀμύντου Φίλιππος οὐδʼ ἐπενόησεν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἀρχήν, Φιλίππῳ δὲ τῷ Δημητρίου τὰ φάρμακα τόλμημα ἦν ἐλαφρότατον. | However, in banquets, he offered as tokens of skill and friendship not cups of wine but cups of poison, intended for men's destruction; such deeds, as it seems to me, Philip son of Amyntas never even conceived, but to Philip son of Demetrius, the use of poisons was the smallest of daring exploits. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.6 | 1 | κατεῖχε δὲ καὶ τρεῖς πόλεις φρουραῖς ὁρμητήρια εἶναί οἱ κατὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος, καὶ ὠνόμαζε δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς ὕβρεως καὶ τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ὑπεροψίας κλεῖς τῆς Ἑλλάδος τὰς πόλεις ταύτας· | He also held three cities under guard as his strategic bases for attacking Greece, arrogantly and contemptuously naming these cities the "Keys of Greece." | ? | ? |
| 7.7.6 | 2 | ἐπὶ μέν γε Πελοποννήσῳ Κόρινθος καὶ ἡ Κορινθίων ἀκρόπολις ἐτετείχιστο, ἐπὶ δὲ Εὐβοίᾳ καὶ Βοιωτοῖς τε καὶ Φωκεῦσι Χαλκὶς ἡ πρὸς τῷ Εὐρίπῳ, κατὰ δὲ Θεσσαλῶν τε αὐτῶν καὶ τοῦ Αἰτωλῶν ἔθνους Μαγνησίαν τὴν ὑπὸ τὸ Πήλιον κατεῖχεν ὁ Φίλιππος. | In the Peloponnese, Corinth and the citadel of the Corinthians had been fortified; against Euboea, the Boeotians, and the Phokians he held Chalcis by the Euripus; and in Thessaly itself, as well as against the nation of the Aetolians, Philip had occupied Magnesia beneath Mount Pelion. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.6 | 3 | μάλιστα δὲ Ἀθηναίους καὶ τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν ἐπιστρατείαις τε συνεχέσιν ἐπίεζε καὶ λῃστῶν καταδρομαῖς· | Most especially he pressed upon the Athenians and the Aetolian league with continuous campaigns and raids of brigands. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.7 | 1 | ἐμνημόνευσε δέ μοι καὶ πρότερον ὁ λόγος ἐν τῇ Ἀτθίδι συγγραφῇ, ὅσοι τε Ἑλλήνων ἢ βαρβάρων ἐναντία Φιλίππου συνήραντο Ἀθηναίοις καὶ ὡς ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας τῶν συμμάχων ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους καὶ ἐπικουρίαν τὴν ἐκεῖθεν κατέφευγον οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι. | Moreover, the narrative in my earlier account of Attic history recalled how many Greeks and barbarians alike allied themselves with Athens in opposition to Philip, and how, weakened by the inadequacy of their allies, the Athenians appealed to the Romans for assistance. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.7 | 2 | Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ ἐπεπόμφεσαν καὶ οὐ πολλῷ τινι ἔμπροσθεν λόγῳ μὲν ἐπικουρήσοντας Αἰτωλοῖς ἐναντία Φιλίππου, τῷ δὲ ἔργῳ μᾶλλόν τι ἐπὶ κατασκοπῇ τῶν ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ πραγμάτων· | Indeed, the Romans had previously dispatched envoys—not long before—ostensibly to assist the Aetolians against Philip, but in reality more for the purpose of observing Macedonian affairs. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.8 | 1 | τότε δὲ ἀποστέλλουσιν Ἀθηναίοις στρατιάν τε καὶ ἡγεμόνα Ὀτίλιον· τοῦτο γάρ οἱ τῶν ὀνομάτων ἦν τὸ ἐκδηλότατον, ἐπεὶ καλοῦνταί γε οὐ πατρόθεν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι κατὰ ταὐτὰ Ἕλλησιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τρία ὁπότε ὀλίγιστα καὶ ἔτι πλέονα ὀνόματα ἑκάστῳ τίθενται. | At that time, they sent to the Athenians both an army and a commander named Otilius; for this was the most prominent of his names, since the Romans do not use patronymics in the same way as the Greeks, but they commonly assign even three or sometimes more names to each individual. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.8 | 2 | τῷ δὲ Ὀτιλίῳ προσετέτακτο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἀπείργειν ἀπὸ Ἀθηναίων καὶ τοῦ Αἰτωλικοῦ τὸν Φιλίππου πόλεμον. | Otilius had been instructed by the Romans to keep Philip's war away from Athens and from Aetolian territory. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.9 | 1 | Ὀτίλιος δὲ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα τοῖς πράγμασι κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτεταγμένα ἐχρῆτο, τάδε δὲ οὐ κατὰ γνώμην οἱ τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἐστὶν εἰργασμένα· | But Otilius, while he otherwise conducted affairs according to his instructions, in the following matter committed deeds contrary to the intentions of the Romans: | ? | ? |
| 7.7.9 | 2 | Εὐβοέων γὰρ Ἑστίαιαν πόλιν καὶ Ἀντίκυραν τὴν ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι ἑλών, ὑπηκόους κατʼ ἀνάγκην οὔσας Φιλίππου, ἐποίησεν ἀναστάτους. | Having taken the Euboean city Hestiaea and Anticyra in Phocis—cities that were subject to Philip by force—he utterly destroyed them. | ? | ? |
| 7.7.9 | 3 | καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, ἐπεὶ ἐπύθετο ἡ βουλή, ἀποστέλλουσιν Ὀτιλίῳ διάδοχον τῆς ἀρχῆς Φλαμίνιον. | And it seems to me that, on account of these actions, when the Roman Senate learned of them, they sent Flamininus as successor to Otilius in the command. | ? | ? |