Greek passages split into sentences with English translation
| Passage | Sentence | Greek | English | Era | Skepticism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.1.1 | 1 | Ἀθηναίοις δὲ ἡ Βοιωτία καὶ κατὰ ἄλλα τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἐστιν ὅμορος, πρὸς δὲ Ἐλευθερῶν οἱ Πλαταιεῖς. | Boeotia borders the Athenians in various places along Attica, and near Eleutherae, the Plataeans are neighbors. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.1 | 2 | Βοιωτοὶ δὲ τὸ μὲν πᾶν ἔθνος ἀπὸ Βοιωτοῦ τὸ ὄνομα ἔσχηκεν, ὃν Ἰτώνου παῖδα καὶ νύμφης δὴ Μελανίππης, Ἴτωνον δὲ Ἀμφικτύονος εἶναι λέγουσι· | As for the Boeotians, the whole nation received its name from Boeotus, who was the son of Itonus and the nymph Melanippe; Itonus, they say, was the son of Amphictyon. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.1 | 3 | καλοῦνται δὲ κατὰ πόλεις ἀπό τε ἀνδρῶν καὶ τὰ πλείω γυναικῶν. | The people of the individual cities are named chiefly after men, but in most cases after women. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.1 | 4 | οἱ δὲ Πλαταιεῖς τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν εἰσιν αὐτόχθονες· ὄνομα δέ σφισιν ἀπὸ Πλαταίας, ἣν θυγατέρα εἶναι Ἀσωποῦ τοῦ ποταμοῦ νομίζουσιν. | The Plataeans, however, seem to me from the beginning to have been indigenous; their name comes from Plataea, whom they regard as a daughter of the river Asopus. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.2 | 1 | ὅτι μὲν δὴ καὶ οὗτοι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἐβασιλεύοντο, δῆλά ἐστι· βασιλεῖαι γὰρ πανταχοῦ τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ οὐ δημοκρατίαι πάλαι καθεστήκεσαν. | That indeed the Plataeans were also anciently ruled by kings is clear; for in every region of Greece kingdoms and not democracies were formerly established. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.2 | 2 | τῶν δὲ βασιλέων ἄλλον μὲν οὐδένα οἱ Πλαταιεῖς ἴσασι, μόνον δὲ Ἀσωπὸν καὶ ἔτι πρότερον Κιθαιρῶνα· καὶ τὸν μὲν ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ θέσθαι τῷ ὄρει τὸ ὄνομα, τὸν δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ λέγουσι. | But of their kings the Plataeans know none apart from Asopus, and earlier still Cithaeron; they say that the latter gave his own name to the mountain and the former to the river. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.2 | 3 | δοκῶ δὲ καὶ τὴν Πλάταιαν, ἀφʼ ἧς κέκληται καὶ ἡ πόλις, βασιλέως Ἀσωποῦ καὶ οὐ τοῦ ποταμοῦ παῖδα εἶναι. | In my opinion, Plataea as well, from whom the city derives its name, was a daughter of King Asopus and not of the river. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.3 | 1 | Πλαταιεῦσι δὲ πρὸ μὲν τῆς μάχης, ἣν Ἀθηναῖοι Μαραθῶνι ἐμαχέσαντο, οὐδὲν ὑπῆρχεν ἐς δόξαν· | The Plataeans held no great reputation before the battle in which the Athenians fought at Marathon. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.3 | 2 | μετασχόντες δὲ τοῦ Μαραθῶνι ἀγῶνος ὕστερον καταβεβηκότος ἤδη Ξέρξου καὶ ἐς τὰς ναῦς ἐτόλμησαν μετʼ Ἀθηναίων ἐσβῆναι, | But after participating in the fight at Marathon, and later, when Xerxes had already retreated to his ships, they even dared to embark alongside the Athenians. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.3 | 3 | Μαρδόνιον δὲ τὸν Γωβρύου Ξέρξῃ στρατηγοῦντα ἠμύναντο ἐν τῇ σφετέρᾳ. | Furthermore, in their own territory they repelled Mardonius, the son of Gobryas, who commanded the armies of Xerxes. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.3 | 4 | δὶς δὲ σφᾶς κατέλαβε γενέσθαι τε ἀναστάτους καὶ αὖθις ἐς Βοιωτίαν καταχθῆναι. | Twice, however, it fell to their lot to be driven from their homes into exile and again to return to Boeotia. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.4 | 1 | ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ Πελοποννησίοις πρὸς Ἀθηναίους γενομένου Λακεδαιμόνιοι πολιορκίᾳ Πλάταιαν ἐξεῖλον· | Indeed, during the war which arose between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, the Lacedaemonians captured Plataea by siege. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.4 | 2 | ἀνοικισθείσης δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς εἰρήνης, ἣν πρὸς βασιλέα τῶν Περσῶν γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἔπραξεν Ἀνταλκίδας ἀνὴρ Σπαρτιάτης, καὶ τῶν Πλαταιέων κατελθόντων ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν, τοὺς δὲ αὖθις ἔμελλεν ἐπιλήψεσθαι κακὸν δεύτερον. | Afterwards, in the course of that peace arranged for the Greeks with the Persian king by the negotiations of Antalcidas, a Spartan, Plataea was resettled, and its inhabitants returned from Athens; yet they were again destined to suffer a second calamity. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.4 | 3 | ἐκ μέν γε τοῦ ἐμφανοῦς πόλεμος πρὸς τοὺς Θηβαίους οὐκ ἦν συνεστηκώς, ἀλλὰ οἱ Πλαταιεῖς μένειν τὴν εἰρήνην σφίσιν ἔφασαν, ὅτι τὴν Καδμείαν Λακεδαιμονίοις κατασχοῦσιν οὔτε βουλεύματος οὔτε ἔργου μετεσχήκεσαν· | Although no declared war openly existed yet against the Thebans, nevertheless the Plataeans asserted that peace still held for them, since they had taken no part, either by planning or by action, in the Lacedaemonians' occupation of the Theban Cadmea. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.5 | 1 | Θηβαῖοι δὲ ἀπέφαινον τήν τε εἰρήνην Λακεδαιμονίους εἶναι τοὺς πράξαντας καὶ ὕστερον παραβάντων ἐκείνων λελύσθαι | The Thebans declared that the Lacedaemonians had been responsible for making peace, and later, when they violated it, the treaty was therefore dissolved. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.5 | 2 | καὶ ἅπασιν ἠξίουν τὰς σπονδάς. | They accordingly claimed that the truce was broken for all. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.5 | 3 | οὐκ ἀνύποπτα οὖν ἡγούμενοι οἱ Πλαταιεῖς τὰ ἐκ τῶν Θηβαίων διὰ φυλακῆς εἶχον ἰσχυρᾶς τὴν πόλιν· καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἀγρούς, ὁπόσοι ἀπωτέρω τοῦ ἄστεως ἦσαν, οὐδὲ ἐς τούτους ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἤρχοντο τὴν ἡμέραν, | Thus the Plataeans, suspecting hostility from the Thebans, kept their city under careful guard; even those who had their farms farther from the city would not venture to visit them at all hours of the day. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.5 | 4 | ἀλλὰ--- ἠπίσταντο γὰρ τοὺς Θηβαίους ὡς πανδημεὶ καὶ ἅμα ἐπὶ πλεῖστον εἰώθεσαν βουλεύεσθαι---παρεφύλασσον τὰς ἐκκλησίας αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐν τῷ τοσούτῳ καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ἐφεώρων τὰ ἑαυτῶν καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι γεωργοῦντες. | Moreover—for they knew that the Thebans usually deliberated altogether and at length—they would watch carefully the times when the Thebans met in their assemblies, and in those intervals, even those farming the furthest land tended their fields in peace. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.6 | 1 | Νεοκλῆς δὲ ὃς τότε βοιωταρχῶν ἔτυχεν ἐν Θήβαις---οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸν οἱ Πλαταιεῖς ἐλελήθεσαν ἐπὶ τῇ τέχνῃ--- προεῖπε τῶν Θηβαίων ἕκαστόν τέ τινα ἰέναι πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ὁμοῦ τοῖς ὅπλοις καὶ σφᾶς αὐτίκα οὐ τὴν εὐθεῖαν ἀπὸ τῶν Θηβῶν τὴν πεδιάδα, τὴν δὲ ἐπὶ Ὑσιῶν ἦγε πρὸς Ἐλευθερῶν τε καὶ τῆς Ἀττικῆς, ᾗ μηδὲ σκοπὸς ἐτέτακτο ὑπὸ τῶν Πλαταιέων· | Neocles, who was then serving as Boeotarch in Thebes—for the Plataeans had not been unaware of his stratagem—ordered each of the Thebans to come to the assembly fully armed, and immediately led them not directly from Thebes across the plain, but rather by a way toward Hysiai, in the direction of Eleutherae and the Attic border, where no guard had been stationed by the Plataeans. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.6 | 2 | γενήσεσθαι δὲ περὶ τὰ τείχη περὶ μεσοῦσαν μάλιστα ἔμελλε τὴν ἡμέραν. | He planned to arrive at the city walls at about midday. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.7 | 1 | Πλαταιεῖς δὲ ἄγειν Θηβαίους ἐκκλησίαν νομίζοντες ἐς τοὺς ἀγροὺς ἀποκεκλειμένοι τῶν πυλῶν ἦσαν· | The Plataeans, thinking that the Thebans were holding an assembly, had gone out to their fields and were shut out from the city gates. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.7 | 2 | πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐποιήσαντο οἱ Θηβαῖοι σπονδάς, ἀπελθεῖν σφᾶς πρὸ ἡλίου δύντος ἄνδρας μὲν σὺν ἑνί, γυναῖκας δὲ δύο ἱμάτια ἑκάστην ἔχουσαν. | The Thebans made an agreement with those who had been trapped within the city, permitting the men to depart before sunset, each wearing a single garment, and the women each permitted two garments. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.7 | 3 | συνέβη τε ἐναντία τοῖς Πλαταιεῦσιν ἐν τῷ τότε ἡ τύχη ἢ ὡς ὑπὸ Ἀρχιδάμου καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ πρότερον ἥλωσαν· | Thus fortune gave the Plataeans an experience precisely opposite to their earlier capture by Archidamus and the Lacedaemonians. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.7 | 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι μέν γʼ αὐτοὺς ἐξεπολιόρκησαν ἀπείργοντες διπλῷ τείχει μὴ ἐξελθεῖν τοῦ ἄστεως, Θηβαῖοι δὲ ἐν τῷ τότε ἀφελόμενοι μὴ ἐσελθεῖν σφᾶς ἐς τὸ τεῖχος. | At that former time, the Lacedaemonians had besieged them, enclosing them within a double wall to prevent their leaving the city; but now, conversely, the Thebans prevented them from re-entering their own walls. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.8 | 1 | ἐγένετο δὲ ἡ ἅλωσις Πλαταίας ἡ δευτέρα μάχης μὲν τρίτῳ τῆς ἐν Λεύκτροις ἔτει πρότερον, Ἀστείου δὲ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος. | The second capture of Plataea occurred two years before the battle of Leuctra, in the archonship at Athens of Asteius. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.8 | 2 | καὶ ἡ μὲν πόλις ὑπὸ τῶν Θηβαίων καθῃρέθη πλὴν τὰ ἱερά, | The city was razed to the ground by the Thebans, except for the sacred precincts. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.8 | 3 | τοῖς δὲ Πλαταιεῦσιν ὁ τρόπος τῆς ἁλώσεως σωτηρίαν παρέσχεν ἐν ἴσῳ πᾶσιν· ἐκπεσόντας δὲ σφᾶς ἐδέξαντο αὖθις οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι. | As for the Plataeans themselves, the manner of the city's fall provided equal safety for all of them, and after their exile the Athenians once more received them. | ? | ? |
| 9.1.8 | 4 | Φιλίππου δέ, ὡς ἐκράτησεν ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ, φρουράν τε ἐσαγαγόντος ἐς Θήβας καὶ ἄλλα ἐπὶ καταλύσει τῶν Θηβαίων πράσσοντος, οὕτω καὶ οἱ Πλαταιεῖς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ κατήχθησαν. | Later, when Philip prevailed at Chaeronea and placed a garrison in Thebes, taking further measures leading to the overthrow of the Thebans, the Plataeans also were restored by him to their homeland. | ? | ? |