Pausanias Analysis

Greek passages split into sentences with English translation

Chapter 9.39

Passage Sentence Greek English Era Skepticism
9.39.1 1 τὰ μὲν δὴ πρὸς τῶν ὀρῶν Φωκεῖς ὑπεροικοῦσιν Ὀρχομενίων, ἐν δὲ τῷ πεδίῳ Λεβάδειά ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ὅμορος. The Phokians dwell above Orchomenus, near the mountains, and in the plain below them lies Lebadeia, their neighbor. ? ?
9.39.1 2 αὕτη τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ᾠκεῖτο ἐπὶ μετεώρου καὶ ὠνομάζετο Μίδεια ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀσπληδόνος μητρός· Originally this city stood upon high ground and was called Mideia, named after the mother of Aspledon. ? ?
9.39.1 3 Λεβάδου δὲ ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἐς αὐτὴν ἀφικομένου κατέβησάν τε ἐς τὸ χθαμαλὸν οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ ἐκλήθη Λεβάδεια ἡ πόλις ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ. When Lebados arrived there from Athens, the people descended to the lower ground, and the city was afterward renamed Lebadeia after him. ? ?
9.39.1 4 πατέρα δὲ τοῦ Λεβάδου, καὶ καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν ἦλθεν, οὐκ ἴσασιν ἄλλο ἢ γυναῖκα εἶναι Λεβάδου Λαονίκην. They do not know the father of Lebados or for what reason he came, but only that Lebados' wife was Laonike. ? ?
9.39.10 1 τοῦ δὲ οἰκοδομήματος τούτου τὸ σχῆμα εἴκασται κριβάνῳ· τὸ δὲ εὖρος ἡ διάμετρος αὐτοῦ τέσσαρας παρέχοιτο ἂν ὡς εἰκάσαι πήχεις· βάθος δὲ τοῦ οἰκοδομήματος, οὐκ ἂν οὐδὲ τοῦτο εἰκάζοι τις ἐς πλέον ὀκτὼ καθήκειν πηχῶν. The shape of this building resembles that of an oven; its breadth across the diameter might be estimated at four cubits, while the depth of the structure one would judge does not extend farther than eight cubits. ? ?
9.39.10 2 κατάβασις δὲ οὐκ ἔστι πεποιημένη σφίσιν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἀνὴρ ἔρχηται παρὰ τὸν Τροφώνιον, κλίμακα αὐτῷ κομίζουσι στενὴν καὶ ἐλαφράν. They have not made a built-in descent to the floor; instead, whenever a man comes to visit Trophonius, they provide him with a narrow and lightweight ladder. ? ?
9.39.10 3 καταβάντι δέ ἐστιν ὀπὴ μεταξὺ τοῦ τε ἐδάφους καὶ τοῦ οἰκοδομήματος· σπιθαμῶν τὸ εὖρος δύο, τὸ δὲ ὕψος ἐφαίνετο εἶναι σπιθαμῆς. Upon descending, there is an opening between the floor and the structure, two spans wide, and appearing to be one span high. ? ?
9.39.11 1 ὁ οὖν κατιὼν κατακλίνας ἑαυτὸν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος ἔχων μάζας μεμαγμένας μέλιτι προεμβάλλει τε ἐς τὴν ὀπὴν τοὺς πόδας καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιχωρεῖ, τὰ γόνατά οἱ τῆς ὀπῆς ἐντὸς γενέσθαι προθυμούμενος· Therefore, the one going down reclines himself upon the ground, holding cakes kneaded with honey; he thrusts his feet into the hole, and then advances himself, eager to have his knees pass inside the opening. ? ?
9.39.11 2 τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν σῶμα αὐτίκα ἐφειλκύσθη τε καὶ τοῖς γόνασιν ἐπέδραμεν, ὥσπερ ποταμῶν ὁ μέγιστος καὶ ὠκύτατος συνδεθέντα ὑπὸ δίνης ἀποκρύψειεν ἂν ἄνθρωπον. Immediately the rest of his body is drawn through and swiftly pulled down after the knees, just as might a man, caught by a whirlpool, be swiftly hidden away by the greatest and quickest of rivers. ? ?
9.39.11 3 τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν τοῖς ἐντὸς τοῦ ἀδύτου γενομένοις οὐχ εἷς οὐδὲ ὁ αὐτὸς τρόπος ἐστὶν ὅτῳ διδάσκονται τὰ μέλλοντα, ἀλλά πού τις καὶ εἶδε καὶ ἄλλος ἤκουσεν. From this point onward, for those who find themselves within the chamber, there is not one single nor identical manner in which they are instructed about the future; rather, one sees something, another hears something else. ? ?
9.39.11 4 ἀναστρέψαι δὲ ὀπίσω τοῖς καταβᾶσι διὰ στομίου τε ἔστι τοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ προεκθεόντων σφίσι τῶν ποδῶν. Those who have descended return back through the same opening, feet first and extended ahead of them. ? ?
9.39.12 1 ἀποθανεῖν δὲ οὐδένα τῶν καταβάντων λέγουσιν ὅτι μὴ μόνον τῶν Δημητρίου τινὰ δορυφόρων· They say that none of those who have descended have died, except only one of the bodyguards of Demetrius. ? ?
9.39.12 2 τοῦτον δὲ οὔτε ποιῆσαι περὶ τὸ ἱερόν φασιν οὐδὲν τῶν νενομισμένων οὔτε χρησόμενον τῷ θεῷ καταβῆναι, χρυσὸν δὲ καὶ ἄργυρον ἐκκομιεῖν ἐλπίσαντα ἐκ τοῦ ἀδύτου. It is said that this man neither performed any of the customary rites in the sanctuary nor went down intending to consult the god, but descended hoping to carry out gold and silver from the inner shrine. ? ?
9.39.12 3 λέγεται δὲ καὶ τούτου τὸν νεκρὸν ἑτέρωθι ἀναφανῆναι καὶ οὐ κατὰ στόμα ἐκβληθῆναι τὸ ἱερόν. It is reported that even this man's corpse appeared elsewhere, not having been expelled from the sanctuary by the usual entrance. ? ?
9.39.12 4 ἐς μὲν δὴ τὸν ἄνθρωπον λεγομένων καὶ ἄλλων εἴρηταί μοι τὰ ἀξιολογώτατα· I have thus related the most notable of the accounts told about this man, although other stories are also told. ? ?
9.39.13 1 τὸν δὲ ἀναβάντα παρὰ τοῦ Τροφωνίου παραλαβόντες αὖθις οἱ ἱερεῖς καθίζουσιν ἐπὶ θρόνον Μνημοσύνης μὲν καλούμενον, κεῖται δὲ οὐ πόρρω τοῦ ἀδύτου, When the visitor has ascended from the oracle of Trophonius, the priests seize hold of him again and seat him upon a seat called the Throne of Mnemosyne, situated not far from the sanctuary. ? ?
9.39.13 2 καθεσθέντα δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἀνερωτῶσιν ὁπόσα εἶδέ τε καὶ ἐπύθετο· When seated there, they ask him about everything he saw and heard. ? ?
9.39.13 3 μαθόντες δὲ ἐπιτρέπουσιν αὐτὸν ἤδη τοῖς προσήκουσιν. After they have learned these things from him, they return him into the care of his relatives, who lift him and carry him back into the dwelling where he previously stayed in the company of Good Fortune and the Good Spirit. ? ?
9.39.13 4 οἱ δὲ ἐς τὸ οἴκημα, ἔνθα καὶ πρότερον διῃτᾶτο παρά τε Τύχῃ καὶ Δαίμονι ἀγαθοῖς, ἐς τοῦτο ἀράμενοι κομίζουσι κάτοχόν τε ἔτι τῷ δείματι καὶ ἀγνῶτα ὁμοίως αὑτοῦ τε καὶ τῶν πέλας. At this point he is still overcome by fear, unaware both of himself and of those around him. ? ?
9.39.13 5 ὕστερον μέντοι τά τε ἄλλα οὐδέν τι φρονήσει μεῖον ἢ πρότερον καὶ γέλως ἐπάνεισίν οἱ. Later, however, he will regain his former faculties and suffer no diminution in reason; his capacity for laughter, too, will return. ? ?
9.39.14 1 γράφω δὲ οὐκ ἀκοὴν ἀλλὰ ἑτέρους τε ἰδὼν καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ Τροφωνίῳ χρησάμενος. I do not write from hearsay, but as one who has seen others and has himself consulted Trophonius. ? ?
9.39.14 2 τοὺς δὲ ἐς τοῦ Τροφωνίου κατελθόντας, ἀνάγκη σφᾶς, ὁπόσα ἤκουσεν ἕκαστος ἢ εἶδεν, ἀναθεῖναι γεγραμμένα ἐν πίνακι. Those who descend to Trophonius are obliged to dedicate on a tablet all that each has heard or seen. ? ?
9.39.14 3 λείπεται δʼ ἔτι καὶ τοῦ Ἀριστομένους ἐνταῦθα ἡ ἀσπίς· Here still remains also the shield of Aristomenes; ? ?
9.39.14 4 τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν ὁποῖα ἐγένετο, ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου. what happened concerning it, I have already made clear earlier in my account. ? ?
9.39.2 1 κεκόσμηται μὲν δὴ τὰ ἄλλα σφίσιν ἡ πόλις ὁμοίως τοῖς Ἑλλήνων μάλιστα εὐδαίμοσι, The city is adorned in other respects just like the most prosperous of Greek cities. ? ?
9.39.2 2 διείργει δὲ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς τὸ ἄλσος τοῦ Τροφωνίου ποταμὸς Ἕρκυνα. A river, the Herkyna, separates from it the grove of Trophonius. ? ?
9.39.2 3 φασὶ δʼ ἐνταῦθα Ἕρκυναν ὁμοῦ Κόρῃ τῇ Δήμητρος παίζουσαν καὶ ἔχουσαν χῆνα ἀφεῖναι τοῦτον ἄκουσαν· They say that here Herkyna was once playing with Kore, the daughter of Demeter, and that as she held a goose, she let it go inadvertently. ? ?
9.39.2 4 ἐς δὲ ἄντρον κοῖλον ἐσπτάντος καὶ ὑπὸ λίθον ἀποκρύψαντος αὑτὸν The goose flew away into a hollow cave and concealed itself under a rock. ? ?
9.39.2 5 ἐσελθοῦσα ἡ Κόρη λαμβάνει τὸν ὄρνιθα ὑπὸ τῷ λίθῳ κατακείμενον· Kore entered the cave and retrieved the bird, which lay hidden beneath the stone. ? ?
9.39.2 6 ῥυῆναί τε δὴ τὸ ὕδωρ ὅθεν ἀνείλετο ἡ Κόρη τὸν λίθον καὶ ὀνομασθῆναι τὸν ποταμὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ λέγουσιν Ἕρκυναν. Then water, they say, began to flow forth from that very spot from which Kore had lifted the stone, and on account of this the river was named Herkyna. ? ?
9.39.3 1 καὶ ἔστι μὲν πρὸς τῇ ὄχθῃ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ναὸς Ἑρκύνης, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ παρθένος χῆνα ἔχουσα ἐν ταῖς χερσίν· Beside the bank of the river there is a temple of Herkyna; within it stands a maiden holding a goose in her hands. ? ?
9.39.3 2 εἰσὶ δὲ ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τε αἱ πηγαὶ καὶ ἀγάλματα ὀρθά, περιειλιγμένοι δέ εἰσιν αὐτῶν τοῖς σκήπτροις δράκοντες. In the cave are the springs of the river and upright statues, with serpents entwined around their scepters. ? ?
9.39.3 3 ταῦτα εἰκάσαι μὲν ἄν τις Ἀσκληπιοῦ τε εἶναι καὶ Ὑγείας, εἶεν δʼ ἂν Τροφώνιος καὶ Ἕρκυνα, ἐπεὶ μηδὲ τοὺς δράκοντας Ἀσκληπιοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ καὶ Τροφωνίου νομίζουσιν ἱεροὺς εἶναι. One might suppose these images to represent Asclepius and Hygieia, but they may equally be Trophonius and Herkyna, since serpents are regarded as sacred not more to Asclepius than to Trophonius. ? ?
9.39.3 4 ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ μνῆμά ἐστιν Ἀρκεσιλάου· Near the river there is a tomb of Arcesilaus; ? ?
9.39.3 5 Λήϊτον δὲ ἀνακομίσαι φασὶ τοῦ Ἀρκεσιλάου τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐκ Τροίας. it is said that Leïtus brought back the bones of Arcesilaus from Troy. ? ?
9.39.4 1 τὰ δὲ ἐπιφανέστατα ἐν τῷ ἄλσει Τροφωνίου ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν, Ἀσκληπιῷ καὶ τοῦτο εἰκασμένον· Πραξιτέλης δὲ ἐποίησε τὸ ἄγαλμα. The most notable things in the grove are the temple and statue of Trophonius, which statue resembles Asclepius; this sculpture is the work of Praxiteles. ? ?
9.39.4 2 ἔστι δὲ καὶ Δήμητρος ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Εὐρώπης καὶ Ζεὺς Ὑέτιος ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ. There is also a sanctuary of Demeter, surnamed Europa, and Zeus Hyetius ("God of Rain"), set up in the open air. ? ?
9.39.4 3 ἀναβᾶσι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ μαντεῖον καὶ αὐτόθεν ἰοῦσιν ἐς τὸ πρόσω τοῦ ὄρους, Κόρης ἐστὶ καλουμένη θήρα καὶ Διὸς Βασιλέως ναός. Proceeding up towards the oracle and then forward from there to the higher part of the mountain, there stands what is called the Thera ("Hunt") of Kore and a temple of Zeus Basileus ("the King"). ? ?
9.39.4 4 τοῦτον μὲν δὴ διὰ τὸ μέγεθος ἢ καὶ τῶν πολέμων τὸ ἀλλεπάλληλον ἀφείκασιν ἡμίεργον· This temple, indeed, has been left half-finished, owing perhaps to its great size or to wars continually breaking out. ? ?
9.39.4 5 ἐν δὲ ἑτέρῳ ναῷ Κρόνου καὶ Ἥρας καὶ Διός ἐστιν ἀγάλματα. Within another temple are statues of Cronus, Hera, and Zeus. ? ?
9.39.4 6 ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερόν. There is also a sanctuary of Apollo. ? ?
9.39.5 1 κατὰ δὲ τὸ μαντεῖον τοιάδε γίνεται. The ritual performed at the oracle is as follows. ? ?
9.39.5 2 ἐπειδὰν ἀνδρὶ ἐς τοῦ Τροφωνίου κατιέναι δόξῃ, πρῶτα μὲν τεταγμένων ἡμερῶν δίαιταν ἐν οἰκήματι ἔχει, When a man decides to descend to Trophonius, he first lives for a set number of days in a dedicated building. ? ?
9.39.5 3 τὸ δὲ οἴκημα Δαίμονός τε ἀγαθοῦ καὶ Τύχης ἱερόν ἐστιν ἀγαθῆς· This building is sacred to the Good Spirit (Agathos Daimon) and Good Fortune (Agathe Tyche). ? ?
9.39.5 4 διαιτώμενος δὲ ἐνταῦθα τά τε ἄλλα καθαρεύει καὶ λουτρῶν εἴργεται θερμῶν, τὸ δὲ λουτρὸν ὁ ποταμός ἐστιν ἡ Ἕρκυνα· While he stays there, he maintains ritual purity in various ways, abstaining from warm baths; his bath is instead the river Herkyna. ? ?
9.39.5 5 καί οἱ καὶ κρέα ἄφθονά ἐστιν ἀπὸ τῶν θυσιῶν, θύει γὰρ δὴ ὁ κατιὼν αὐτῷ τε τῷ Τροφωνίῳ καὶ τοῦ Τροφωνίου τοῖς παισί, πρὸς δὲ Ἀπόλλωνί τε καὶ Κρόνῳ καὶ Διὶ ἐπίκλησιν Βασιλεῖ καὶ Ἥρᾳ τε Ἡνιόχῃ καὶ Δήμητρι ἣν ἐπονομάζοντες Εὐρώπην τοῦ Τροφωνίου φασὶν εἶναι τροφόν. He also has abundant meat from sacrifices, for the one descending offers sacrifices to Trophonius himself and to Trophonius' children, as well as to Apollo, Cronus, Zeus with the title “Basileus” (King), Hera called “Henioche” (Charioteer), and Demeter whom they surname Europa, claiming her to have been the nurse of Trophonius. ? ?
9.39.6 1 καθʼ ἑκάστην δὲ τῶν θυσιῶν ἀνὴρ μάντις παρὼν ἐς τοῦ ἱερείου τὰ σπλάγχνα ἐνορᾷ, ἐνιδὼν δὲ προθεσπίζει τῷ κατιόντι εἰ δὴ αὐτὸν εὐμενὴς ὁ Τροφώνιος καὶ ἵλεως δέξεται. At each of the sacrifices, a seer is present who examines the entrails of the sacrificial victim; having examined them, he declares in advance to the one who is about to descend whether Trophonius will receive him favorably and graciously. ? ?
9.39.6 2 τῶν μὲν δὴ ἄλλων ἱερείων τὰ σπλάγχνα οὐχ ὁμοίως δηλοῖ τοῦ Τροφωνίου τὴν γνώμην· ἐν δὲ νυκτὶ ᾗ κάτεισιν ἕκαστος, ἐν ταύτῃ κριὸν θύουσιν ἐς βόθρον, ἐπικαλούμενοι τὸν Ἀγαμήδην. Now, the entrails of the other sacrificial animals do not equally make clear the intention of Trophonius; but on the night when each person descends, it is in this night that they sacrifice a ram into the pit, invoking Agamedes. ? ?
9.39.6 3 θυμάτων δὲ τῶν πρότερον πεφηνότων αἰσίων λόγος ἐστὶν οὐδείς, εἰ μὴ καὶ τοῦδε τοῦ κριοῦ τὰ σπλάγχνα τὸ αὐτὸ θέλοι λέγειν· There is no account of previous favorable signs from earlier victims being valid unless the entrails of this ram should also give the same verdict. ? ?
9.39.6 4 ὁμολογούντων δὲ καὶ τούτων, τότε ἕκαστος ἤδη κάτεισιν εὔελπις, κάτεισι δὲ οὕτω. Only when these also agree, each person then descends already full of good hope; and the descent is accomplished thus. ? ?
9.39.7 1 πρῶτα μὲν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ αὐτὸν ἄγουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὴν Ἕρκυναν, ἀγαγόντες δὲ ἐλαίῳ χρίουσι καὶ λούουσι δύο παῖδες τῶν ἀστῶν ἔτη τρία που καὶ δέκα γεγονότες, οὓς Ἑρμᾶς ἐπονομάζουσιν· οὗτοι τὸν καταβαίνοντά εἰσιν οἱ λούοντες καὶ ὁπόσα χρὴ διακονούμενοι ἅτε παῖδες. First, during the night, they lead him to the river Herkyna. After guiding him there, two boys, citizens about thirteen years old, whom they call "Hermae," anoint him with oil and bathe him. These boys bathe and attend the one descending into the sanctuary, taking care of whatever is needed by virtue of their youth. ? ?
9.39.7 2 τὸ ἐντεῦθεν ὑπὸ τῶν ἱερέων οὐκ αὐτίκα ἐπὶ τὸ μαντεῖον, ἐπὶ δὲ ὕδατος πηγὰς ἄγεται· αἱ δὲ ἐγγύτατά εἰσιν ἀλλήλων. Next, he is led from there by the priests, not immediately to the oracle, but to the springs of water, which are located very close to each other. ? ?
9.39.8 1 ἐνταῦθα δὴ χρὴ πιεῖν αὐτὸν Λήθης τε ὕδωρ καλούμενον, ἵνα λήθη γένηταί οἱ πάντων ἃ τέως ἐφρόντιζε, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷδε ἄλλο αὖθις ὕδωρ πίνειν Μνημοσύνης· ἀπὸ τούτου τε μνημονεύει τὰ ὀφθέντα οἱ καταβάντι. Here he must drink the water called Lethe ("Forgetfulness"), so that he may forget everything about which he was previously anxious, and afterward he must drink another water, called the water of Mnemosyne ("Memory"), causing him thereby to remember clearly what he has seen below. ? ?
9.39.8 2 θεασάμενος δὲ ἄγαλμα ὃ ποιῆσαι Δαίδαλόν φασιν---ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν ἱερέων οὐκ ἐπιδείκνυται πλὴν ὅσοι παρὰ τὸν Τροφώνιον μέλλουσιν ἔρχεσθαι--- τοῦτο τὸ ἄγαλμα ἰδὼν καὶ θεραπεύσας τε καὶ εὐξάμενος ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ μαντεῖον, χιτῶνα ἐνδεδυκὼς λινοῦν καὶ ταινίαις τὸν χιτῶνα ἐπιζωσθεὶς καὶ ὑποδησάμενος ἐπιχωρίας κρηπῖδας. Having viewed a certain image which is said to have been wrought by Daedalus—an image concealed by the priests from all except those who are preparing to descend to Trophonius—and having seen this image, having made prayers to it and rendered homage, he then proceeds toward the oracle, clothed in a linen tunic girded with ribbons and shod with sandals according to local custom. ? ?
9.39.9 1 ἔστι δὲ τὸ μαντεῖον ὑπὲρ τὸ ἄλσος ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους. The oracle is situated above the grove upon the mountain. ? ?
9.39.9 2 κρηπὶς μὲν ἐν κύκλῳ περιβέβληται λίθου λευκοῦ, περίοδος δὲ τῆς κρηπῖδος κατὰ ἅλων τὴν ἐλαχίστην ἐστίν, ὕψος δὲ ἀποδέουσα δύο εἶναι πήχεις· It is enclosed by a base (krepis) made of white stone built in a circle; the perimeter of this base is roughly equal to the smallest threshing-floor, and its height is just short of two cubits. ? ?
9.39.9 3 ἐφεστήκασι δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ κρηπῖδι ὀβελοὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ χαλκοῖ καὶ αἱ συνέχουσαι σφᾶς ζῶναι, διὰ δὲ αὐτῶν θύραι πεποίηνται. Set upon this base are bronze rods and bronze bands fastening them together, with gates made between them. ? ?
9.39.9 4 τοῦ περιβόλου δὲ ἐντὸς χάσμα γῆς ἐστιν οὐκ αὐτόματον ἀλλὰ σὺν τέχνῃ καὶ ἁρμονίᾳ πρὸς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον ᾠκοδομημένον. Within the enclosure there is a chasm in the earth, which is not natural but has been constructed artificially, with the greatest precision of skill and craftsmanship. ? ?