Pausanias Analysis

Passage 3.2.1 Class: Non-skeptical

Εὐρυσθένει πρεσβυτέρῳ τῶν Ἀριστοδήμου παίδων ὄντι ἡλικίαν γενέσθαι λέγουσιν υἱὸν Ἆγιν· ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τὸ γένος τὸ Εὐρυσθένους καλοῦσιν Ἀγιάδας. ἐπὶ τούτου Πατρεῖ τῷ Πρευγένους κτίζοντι ἐν Ἀχαΐᾳ πόλιν, ἥντινα Πάτρας καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς καλοῦσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρέως τούτου, συνεπελάβοντο Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοῦ οἰκισμοῦ. συνήραντο δὲ καὶ Γρᾷ τῷ Ἐχέλα τοῦ Πενθίλου τοῦ Ὀρέστου στελλομένῳ ναυσὶν ἐς ἀποικίαν. καὶ ὁ μὲν τὴν τῆς Ἰωνίας μεταξὺ καὶ Μυσῶν, καλουμένην δὲ Αἰολίδα ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, καθέξειν ἔμελλεν· ὁ δέ οἱ πρόγονος Πενθίλος Λέσβον τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἠπείρου ταύτης νῆσον εἷλεν ἔτι πρότερον.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰολίς Γρᾶς Εὐρυσθένης Εὐρυσθένης Λέσβος Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μυσοί Πάτραι Πατρεύς Πατρεύς Πενθίλος Πενθίλος Πρευγένης Ἀγιάδας Ἀριστοδήμος Ἀχαΐα Ἆγις Ἐχελεύς Ἰωνία Ὀρέστης

They say that Agis, son of Eurysthenes, the elder of the sons of Aristodemus, reached maturity; and from this man, the house of Eurysthenes is called the Agiadae. In his reign, when Patreus, the son of Preugenes, was founding a city in Achaia—a city still called Patrae after this Patreus—the Lacedaemonians assisted him in this settlement. They also helped Gras, the son of Echelas, son of Penthilus, son of Orestes, who was sailing out with ships for colonization. Gras was destined to occupy the region between Ionia and Mysia, known in our day as Aeolis. Penthilus, his ancestor, had already seized Lesbos, an island opposite this mainland.

Passage 3.2.2 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐπὶ δὲ Ἐχεστράτου τοῦ Ἄγιδος βασιλεύοντες ἐν Σπάρτῃ Κυνουρέας τοὺς ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ποιοῦσιν ἀναστάτους, αἰτίαν ἐπενεγκόντες ὡς τὴν Ἀργολίδα συγγενῶν σφισιν ὄντων Ἀργείων λῃσταί τε ἐκ τῆς Κυνουριακῆς κακουργοῖεν καὶ αὐτοὶ καταδρομὰς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ ποιοῖντο ἐς τὴν γῆν. λέγονται δὲ οἱ Κυνουρεῖς Ἀργεῖοι τὸ ἀνέκαθεν εἶναι, καὶ οἰκιστήν φασιν αὐτῶν Κύνουρον γενέσθαι τὸν Περσέως.

Proper Nouns:

Κυνουρέαι Κυνουρία Κυνουρεῖς Κύνουρος Λακεδαιμόνιοι Περσεύς Σπάρτη Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργολίς Ἄγις Ἐχέστρατος

During the reign of Echestratus son of Agis in Sparta, the Lacedaemonians forcibly expelled the Cynurians who were of military age, alleging as justification that while the Argives, their own kinsmen, inhabited Argolis, raiders from Cynuria continually committed criminal acts, and the Cynurians themselves openly launched incursions into Argive territory. It is said, moreover, that the Cynurians were originally Argives, and they claim that their founder was Cynurus, son of Perseus.

Passage 3.2.3 Class: Skeptical

ἔτεσι δὲ ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς Λαβώτας ὁ Ἐχεστράτου τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔσχεν ἐν Σπάρτῃ. τοῦτον τὸν Λαβώταν Ἡρόδοτος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Κροῖσον ὑπὸ Λυκούργου τοῦ θεμένου τοὺς νόμους φησὶν ἐπιτροπευθῆναι παῖδα ὄντα· Λεωβώτην δέ οἱ τίθεται τὸ ὄνομα καὶ οὐ Λαβώταν. Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ πρῶτον τότε ἔδοξεν ἄρασθαι πρὸς Ἀργείους πόλεμον· ἐποιοῦντο δὲ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐγκλήματα τήν τε Κυνουριακὴν ἑλόντων αὑτῶν ἀποτέμνεσθαι τοὺς Ἀργείους καὶ τοὺς περιοίκους σφῶν ὑπηκόους ὄντας ἀφιστάναι. τότε μὲν δὴ παρὰ οὐδετέρων πολεμησάντων ὅμως μνήμης ἄξιον πραχθῆναί φασιν οὐδέν·

Proper Nouns:

Κροῖσος Κυνουρία Λαβώτας Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λεωβώτης Λυκοῦργος Σπάρτη Ἀργεῖοι Ἐχέστρατος Ἡρόδοτος

A few years afterward, Labotas, son of Echestratus, obtained the kingdom at Sparta. Herodotus, in his account involving Croesus, states that this Labotas, while still a child, was placed under the guardianship of Lycurgus, who established the laws. However, he gives him the name Leobotes rather than Labotas. At this time, it first occurred to the Lacedaemonians to wage war against the Argives. Their charges against the Argives were that the Argives were seizing and cutting off a portion of Cynuria, their own territory, and inciting the Perioeci who were subject to Sparta to revolt. Then, however, war having broken out on neither side, nothing noteworthy is said to have occurred.

Passage 3.2.4 Class: Skeptical

τοὺς δὲ ἐφεξῆς βασιλεύσαντας τῆς οἰκίας ταύτης Δόρυσσον τὸν Λαβώτα καὶ Ἀγησίλαον Δορύσσου διʼ ὀλίγου σφᾶς τὸ χρεὼν ἐπέλαβεν ἀμφοτέρους. ἔθηκε δὲ καὶ Λυκοῦργος Λακεδαιμονίοις τοὺς νόμους ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀγησιλάου βασιλείας· θεῖναι δὲ αὐτὸν λέγουσιν οἱ μὲν παρὰ τῆς Πυθίας διδαχθέντα ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, οἱ δὲ ὡς Κρητικὰ ὄντα νόμιμα ἐπαγάγοιτο. τούτους δὲ οἱ Κρῆτες τοὺς νόμους τεθῆναί σφισιν ὑπὸ Μίνω λέγουσι, βουλεύσασθαι δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ τὸν Μίνω. ᾐνίξατο δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν περὶ τοῦ Μίνω τῆς νομοθεσίας ἐν τοῖσδε τοῖς ἔπεσι· τῇσι δʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσσός, μεγάλη πόλις, ἔνθα τε Μίνως ἐννέωρος βασίλευε Διὸς μεγάλου ὀαριστής. Hom. Od. 19.178

Proper Nouns:

Δόρυσσος Δόρυσσος Ζεύς Κνωσσός Κρῆτες Κρῆτες Λαβώτας Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λυκοῦργος Μίνως Πυθία Ἀγησίλαος Ἀγησίλαος Ὅμηρος

The next kings of this house after him, Doryssus son of Labotas and Agesilaus son of Doryssus, soon had their destinies catch up with them both. It was during the reign of Agesilaus that Lycurgus established for the Lacedaemonians their laws; some say he enacted these laws after consultation at Delphi with the Pythian Oracle, while others claim that he simply introduced legislation borrowed from Crete. The Cretans assert that these laws were originally established for them by Minos, who did not devise them without divine guidance. Homer too, it seems to me, alluded in poetic form to Minos' role as legislator in the following verses: "In it is Cnossus, a great city, where Minos ruled as king, who conversed as a friend with mighty Zeus, every ninth year." (Homer, Odyssey 19.178)

Passage 3.2.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Λυκούργου μὲν οὖν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔπειτα τοῦ λόγου ποιήσομαι μνήμην· Ἀγησιλάου δὲ παῖς ἐγένετο Ἀρχέλαος. ἐπὶ τούτου Λακεδαιμόνιοι πολέμῳ κρατήσαντες πόλιν τῶν περιοικίδων ἠνδραποδίσαντο Αἴγυν, ὑποπτεύσαντες ὡς οἱ Αἰγῦται φρονοῦσι τὰ Ἀρκάδων. Χαρίλαος δὲ ὁ τῆς ἑτέρας οἰκίας βασιλεὺς συνεξεῖλε μὲν καὶ Ἀρχελάῳ τὴν Αἴγυν, ὁπόσα δὲ καὶ ἰδίᾳ Λακεδαιμονίων αὐτὸς ἔδρασεν ἡγούμενος, μνήμην καὶ τῶνδε ποιησόμεθα ὁμοῦ τῷ λόγῳ μεταβάντι ἐς τοὺς Εὐρυπωντίδας καλουμένους.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγῦται Αἴγη Εὐρυπωντίδαι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λυκοῦργος Χαρίλαος Ἀγησίλαος Ἀρκάδες Ἀρχέλαος

Of Lycurgus I will make mention later in my account. Agesilaus had a son named Archelaus. During his reign the Lacedaemonians, prevailing in war, enslaved Aegys, a town of the Perioeci, suspecting that the inhabitants of Aegys sympathized with the views of the Arcadians. Charilaus, king of the other royal house, aided Archelaus in capturing Aegys, but concerning the deeds Charilaus himself accomplished personally as leader of the Lacedaemonians, I will speak of these also later, when my narrative transitions to the lineage called the Eurypontidae.

Passage 3.2.6 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀρχελάου δὲ ἦν Τήλεκλος· ἐπὶ τούτου πόλεις Λακεδαιμόνιοι τῶν περιοικίδων πολέμῳ κρατήσαντες ἐξεῖλον Ἀμύκλας καὶ Φᾶριν καὶ Γεράνθρας, ἐχόντων ἔτι Ἀχαιῶν. τούτων Φαρῖται καὶ Γερανθρᾶται τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν Δωριέων καταπλαγέντες ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου συγχωροῦνται ὑπόσπονδοι· τοὺς δὲ Ἀμυκλαιεῖς οὐκ ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἐκβάλλουσιν, ἀλλὰ ἀντισχόντας τε ἐπὶ πολὺ τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ἔργα οὐκ ἄδοξα ἐπιδειξαμένους. δηλοῦσι δὲ καὶ οἱ Δωριεῖς τρόπαιον ἐπὶ τοῖς Ἀμυκλαιεῦσιν ἀναστήσαντες, ὡς ἐν τῷ τότε λόγου μάλιστα ἄξιον τοῦτο ὑπάρξαν σφίσιν. οὐ πολλῷ δὲ ὕστερον τούτων ἀπέθανεν ὑπὸ Μεσσηνίων Τήλεκλος ἐν Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερῷ· τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐν μεθορίῳ τῆς τε Λακωνικῆς καὶ τῆς Μεσσηνίας ἐπεποίητο ἐν χωρίῳ καλουμένῳ Λίμναις.

Proper Nouns:

Γεράνθραι Γερανθρᾶται Δωριεῖς Δωριεῖς Λίμναι Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακωνική Μεσσήνιοι Μεσσηνία Πελοπόννησος Τήλεκλος Φαρῖται Φᾶρις Ἀμυκλαιεῖς Ἀμυκλαιεῖς Ἀμύκλαι Ἀρχέλαος Ἀχαιοί Ἄρτεμις

Teleklos was the son of Archelaos. During his reign, the Lacedaemonians defeated and captured cities of the Perioeci in war: Amyklai, Pharis, and Geranthrai, which were still occupied by the Achaeans. Of these, the Pharitai and Geranthratai, having been thoroughly alarmed by the Dorian invasion, agreed by treaty to depart from the Peloponnese. But the Amyklaians were not driven out by a sudden attack, but rather resisted the war for a long time and performed actions of no small fame. Indeed, the Dorians themselves demonstrated this point clearly by setting up a trophy commemorating their victory over the Amyklaians, thus proving that in those days this success was considered by them the most worthy of mention. Not long afterward, Teleklos was slain by the Messenians in the sanctuary of Artemis. This sanctuary was established on the border between Laconia and Messenia, in a place called Limnai.

Passage 3.2.7 Class: Non-skeptical

Τηλέκλου δὲ ἀποθανόντος Ἀλκαμένης ἔσχεν ὁ Τηλέκλου τὴν ἀρχήν· καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πέμπουσιν ἐς Κρήτην Χαρμίδαν τὸν Εὔθυος, ἄνδρα ἐν Σπάρτῃ τῶν δοκίμων, στάσεις τε καταπαύσοντα τοῖς Κρησὶ καὶ τὰ πολίσματα, ὁπόσα ἦν ἀπωτέρω θαλάσσης καὶ ἄλλως ἀσθενῆ, ταῦτα μὲν τοὺς Κρῆτας πείσοντα ἐκλιπεῖν, τὰ δὲ ἐν ἐπικαίρῳ τοῦ παράπλου συνοικιοῦντα ἀντʼ αὐτῶν. ἀνέστησαν δὲ καὶ Ἕλος ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ πόλισμα Ἀχαιῶν ἐχόντων καὶ Ἀργείους τοῖς εἵλωσιν ἀμύναντας μάχῃ νικῶσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Εὔθυος Κρήτη Κρῆτες Λακεδαιμόνιοι Σπάρτη Τηλέκλος Χαρμίδης Ἀλκαμένης Ἀργεῖοι Ἀχαιοί Ἕλος

On the death of Teleclus, Alcamenes, his son, succeeded to the throne. The Lacedaemonians dispatched Charmidas, the son of Euthys, to Crete, a man of good repute in Sparta, to quell the factions among the Cretans and to persuade them to abandon those towns situated away from the sea and otherwise weak, and instead to consolidate settlements in positions advantageously located for seafaring. Moreover, they attacked Helos, a coastal town held by the Achaeans, and defeated in battle the Argives who came to the Helots' aid.

Legend:

Chapter 3.2