Pausanias Analysis

Passage 7.26.1 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐς δὲ τὸ ἐπίνειον τὸ Αἰγειρατῶν---ὄνομα τὸ αὐτὸ ἥ τε πόλις καὶ τὸ ἐπίνειον ἔχει---, ἐς οὖν τὸ ἐπίνειον Αἰγειρατῶν δύο καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα ἀπὸ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν Βουραϊκήν εἰσιν Ἡρακλέους στάδιοι. ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ μὲν δὴ Αἰγειράταις οὐδέν ἐστιν ἐς μνήμην, ὁδὸς δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἐπινείου δύο σταδίων καὶ δέκα ἐς τὴν ἄνω πόλιν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγείρα Βουραϊκή Ἡρακλῆς

To the harbor of the Aigeiratans—the town and its harbor share the same name—from the road along the territory of Bura, it is seventy-two stadia to the sanctuary of Heracles. On the coast the Aigeiratans have nothing noteworthy; and the road from the harbor up to the city above is twelve stadia in length.

Passage 7.26.2 Class: Non-skeptical

Ὁμήρου δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν Ὑπερησία ὠνόμασται· τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τὸ νῦν ἐγένετο Ἰώνων ἐποικούντων, ἐγένετο δὲ ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ τοιᾷδε. Σικυωνίων ἀφίξεσθαι στρατὸς ἔμελλεν αὐτοῖς πολέμιος ἐς τὴν γῆν· οἱ δὲ ---οὐ γὰρ ἐδόκουν ἀξιόμαχοι τοῖς Σικυωνίοις εἶναι--- ἀθροίζουσιν αἶγας, ὁπόσαι σφίσιν ἦσαν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ, συλλέξαντες δὲ ἔδησαν πρὸς τοῖς κέρασιν αὐτῶν δᾷδας, καὶ ὡς πρόσω νυκτὸς ἦν, ἐξάπτουσι τὰς δᾷδας.

Proper Nouns:

Σικυώνιοι Ἴωνες Ὅμηρος Ὑπερησία

In the poetry of Homer the place is called Hyperesia; however, its present name originated when the Ionians settled there, and it arose from the following circumstance. An army of Sicyonians intended to invade their territory. Since they themselves were not considered capable of facing the Sicyonians in battle, they gathered together all the goats they had in the region, tied torches to their horns and, when the night was advanced, set fire to the torches.

Passage 7.26.3 Class: Non-skeptical

Σικυώνιοι δὲ---ἰέναι γὰρ συμμάχους τοῖς Ὑπερησιεῦσιν ἤλπιζον καὶ εἶναι τὴν φλόγα καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἐπικουρικοῦ πυρός---οἱ μὲν οἴκαδε ἐπανήρχοντο, Ὑπερησιεῖς δὲ τῇ τε πόλει τὸ ὄνομα τὸ νῦν μετέθεντο ἀπὸ τῶν αἰγῶν, καὶ καθότι αὐτῶν ἡ καλλίστη καὶ ἡγουμένη τῶν ἄλλων ὤκλασεν, Ἀρτέμιδος Ἀγροτέρας ἐποιήσαντο ἱερόν, τὸ σόφισμα ἐς τοὺς Σικυωνίους οὐκ ἄνευ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδός σφισιν ἐπελθεῖν νομίζοντες.

Proper Nouns:

Σικυώνιος Σικυώνιος Ἄρτεμις Ἄρτεμις Ἀγροτέρα Ὑπερησιεύς Ὑπερησιεύς

The Sicyonians—for they supposed that an allied force was marching to help the Hyperesians and that the flames came from a beacon-fire lit by these allies—then turned back homeward. The Hyperesians afterward changed their city’s present name from "goats," and in the place where their fairest goat, which had led the herd, had crouched down, they established a shrine to Artemis Agrotera ("Huntress"), believing that their trick against the Sicyonians had succeeded not without the aid of Artemis herself.

Passage 7.26.4 Class: Non-skeptical

οὐ μὴν καὶ αὐτίκα γε ἐξενίκησεν Αἴγειραν ἀντὶ Ὑπερησίας καλεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἦσαν ἔτι οἳ Ὠρεὸν τὴν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ τῷ ὀνόματι Ἑστίαιαν ἐκάλουν τῷ ἀρχαίῳ. παρείχετο δὲ ἡ Αἴγειρα ἐς συγγραφὴν ἱερὸν Διὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα καθήμενον λίθου τοῦ Πεντελησίου, Ἀθηναίου δὲ ἔργον Εὐκλείδου . ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα ἕστηκε· πρόσωπόν τε καὶ ἄκραι χεῖρες ἐλέφαντος καὶ οἱ πόδες, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο ξόανον χρυσῷ τε ἐπιπολῆς διηνθισμένον ἐστὶ καὶ φαρμάκοις.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγειρα Αἴγειρα Εὐκλείδης Εὔβοια Ζεύς Πεντελησίος Ἀθηναῖος Ἀθηνᾶ Ἑστιαία Ὑπερησία Ὠρεός

However, the name Aigeira did not immediately prevail instead of Hyperesia, since even in my time, some continued to call Oreos in Euboea by its ancient name, Hestiaia. Now Aigeira provided the opportunity to record a sanctuary of Zeus, in which stood a seated statue made from Pentelic marble, a work by the Athenian sculptor Euclides. In this sanctuary there is also a statue of Athena; her face, the tips of her hands, and her feet are of ivory, while the rest is a wooden image adorned on its surface with gold and colors.

Passage 7.26.5 Class: Skeptical

Ἀρτέμιδός τε ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα τέχνης τῆς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν· ἱερᾶται δὲ παρθένος, ἔστʼ ἂν ἐς ὥραν ἀφίκηται γάμου. ἕστηκε δὲ καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐνταῦθα ἀρχαῖον, Ἰφιγένεια ἡ Ἀγαμέμνονος, ὡς οἱ Αἰγειρᾶταί φασιν· εἰ δὲ ἀληθῆ λέγουσιν οὗτοι, δῆλός ἐστιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ἰφιγενείᾳ ποιηθεὶς ὁ ναός.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγειρᾶται Ἀγαμέμνων Ἀρτεμίς Ἰφιγένεια Ἰφιγένεια

There is a temple of Artemis and a statue, both the work of our own time; and the priestess is a virgin, who serves until she reaches the age for marriage. Also standing here is an old statue, depicting Iphigenia, the daughter of Agamemnon, according to the account of the people of Aigeira; if these people are speaking the truth, it is clear that the temple was originally built in honor of Iphigenia.

Passage 7.26.6 Class: Skeptical

ἔστι καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερὸν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἀρχαῖον τό τε ἱερὸν αὐτὸ καὶ ὁπόσα ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς, ἀρχαῖον δὲ καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ξόανον, γυμνός, μεγέθει μέγας· τὸν ποιήσαντα δὲ εἶχεν οὐδεὶς τῶν ἐπιχωρίων εἰπεῖν· ὅστις δὲ ἤδη τὸν Ἡρακλέα τὸν ἐν Σικυῶνι ἐθεάσατο, τεκμαίροιτο ἂν καὶ ἐν Αἰγείρᾳ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ἔργον εἶναι τοῦ αὐτοῦ Φλιασίου Λαφάους .

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγειρα Λαφάους Σικυών Φλιάσιος Ἀπόλλων Ἡρακλῆς

There is also a sanctuary of Apollo, exceptionally ancient, both the temple itself and everything within the pediments. Ancient too is the wooden image of the god, naked and impressive in size. None of the local inhabitants could name the man who carved it, but whoever has seen the Heracles at Sicyon would infer that the Apollo at Aegeira is also the work of the same Lafaias of Phlius.

Passage 7.26.7 Class: Non-skeptical

Ἀσκληπιοῦ δὲ ἀγάλματα ὀρθά ἐστιν ἐν ναῷ καὶ Σαράπιδος ἑτέρωθι καὶ Ἴσιδος, λίθου καὶ ταῦτα Πεντελησίου. τὴν δὲ Οὐρανίαν σέβουσι μὲν τὰ μάλιστα, ἐσελθεῖν δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνθρώποις. θεοῦ δὲ ἣν Συρίαν ἐπονομάζουσιν, ἐς ταύτης τὸ ἱερὸν ἐσίασιν ἐν ἡμέραις ῥηταῖς, ἄλλα τε ὅσα νομίζουσι προκαθαριεύσαντες καὶ ἐς τὴν δίαιταν.

Proper Nouns:

Οὐρανία Πεντελησίος Σάρᾱπις Συρία Ἀσκληπιός Ἶσις

There are upright statues of Asclepius in the temple, as well as statues of Serapis and Isis in another place, all made of Pentelic marble. They particularly venerate Urania, but no human being may enter her sanctuary. As for the goddess whom they call the Syrian goddess, people enter her sanctuary on appointed days, but only after purifying themselves according to prescribed rites, including practices concerning their diet.

Passage 7.26.8 Class: Non-skeptical

οἶδα καὶ οἴκημα ἐν Αἰγείρᾳ θεασάμενος· ἄγαλμα ἦν ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι Τύχης, τὸ κέρας φέρουσα τὸ Ἀμαλθείας· παρὰ δὲ αὐτὴν Ἔρως πτερὰ ἔχων ἐστίν, ἐθέλει δὲ σημαίνειν ὅτι ἀνθρώποις καὶ τὰ ἐς ἔρωτα τύχῃ μᾶλλον ἢ ὑπὸ κάλλους κατορθοῦται. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν Πινδάρου τά τε ἄλλα πείθομαι τῇ ᾠδῇ καὶ Μοιρῶν τε εἶναι μίαν τὴν Τύχην καὶ ὑπὲρ τὰς ἀδελφάς τι ἰσχύειν·

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγειρα Μοῖραι Πίνδαρος Τύχη Ἀμάλθεια Ἔρως

I also know having viewed a sanctuary at Aegeira in which stood a statue of Tyche, holding the horn of Amaltheia. Beside her is a winged Eros, signifying that human successes in love depend more upon fortune than upon beauty. For my part, I am persuaded by Pindar's poetry in all matters, including that Tyche is one of the Fates and indeed possesses power somewhat greater than that of her sisters.

Passage 7.26.9 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐν Αἰγείρᾳ δὲ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ οἰκήματι ἀνήρ τε ἤδη γέρων ἴσα καὶ ὀδυρόμενος καὶ γυναῖκες αἱ τρεῖς ἀφαιρούμεναι ψέλιά εἰσι καὶ ἴσοι νεανίσκοι ταῖς γυναιξί, καὶ ὁ ἐνδεδυκὼς δὲ θώρακα εἷς. τοῦτόν φασιν Ἀχαιοῖς γενομένου πολέμου μαχεσάμενον ἀνδρειότατα Αἰγειρατῶν τελευτῆσαι, καὶ αὐτοῦ τὸν θάνατον οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν οἴκαδε ἀπήγγειλαν· καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα αἵ τε ἀδελφαὶ διὰ τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ πένθος ἀποκοσμοῦνται καὶ τὸν πατέρα ἐπονομάζουσιν οἱ ἐπιχώριοι Συμπαθῆ, ἅτε ἐλεεινὸν καὶ ἐν τῇ εἰκόνι.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγειρᾶται Αἴγειρα Συμπαθής Ἀχαιοὶ

In Aigeira, within this structure, there is portrayed a man already aged who appears grieving greatly, along with three women who are removing bracelets from their wrists, three youths equal in number to the women, and one figure dressed in armor. They say that this man, wearing armor, perished after fighting most bravely of the people of Aigeira during a war against the Achaians; the surviving brothers reported his death back home. On account of this, his sisters are represented in mourning attire due to their grief for him, and the locals call their father Sympathes ("Compassionate"), as he appears pitiable even in the depiction.

Passage 7.26.10 Class: Non-skeptical

ὁδὸς δὲ ἐξ Αἰγείρας εὐθεῖα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Διὸς διά τε ὀρῶν καὶ ἀνάντης ἐστί· μῆκος μὲν οὖν τῆς ὁδοῦ τεσσαράκοντά εἰσι στάδιοι, ἄγει δὲ ἐς Φελλόην, πόλισμα οὐκ ἐπιφανές, †οὐδὲ ὡς ἀεὶ ᾠκεῖτο καὶ Ἰώνων ἔτι ἐχόντων τὴν γῆν. τὰ δὲ περὶ τὴν Φελλόην ἐς φυτείαν ἀμπέλων ἐστὶν ἐπιτήδεια· καὶ ὅσα πετρώδη τῆς χώρας, δρῦς τέ εἰσι καὶ θηρία, ἔλαφοι καὶ ὗς ἄγριοι·

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγειρα Ζεύς Φελλόη Ἴωνες

The road from Aigeira runs straight uphill from the temple of Zeus, passing through the mountains. This route is forty stades long and leads to Phelloe, a small, obscure town, which was not even permanently inhabited while the Ionians still occupied the land. The region around Phelloe is well suited for growing vines, whereas the rocky areas are covered with oak trees and inhabited by wild beasts, including deer and wild boars.

Passage 7.26.11 Class: Non-skeptical

εἰ δέ τινα τῶν ἐν Ἕλλησι πολισματίων ἀφθόνῳ καταρρεῖται τῷ ὕδατι, ἀριθμεῖν καὶ τὴν Φελλόην ἔστιν ἐν τούτοις. θεῶν δὲ ἱερὰ Διονύσου καὶ Ἀρτέμιδός ἐστιν· ἡ μὲν χαλκοῦ πεποίηται, βέλος δὲ ἐκ φαρέτρας λαμβάνουσα· τῷ Διονύσῳ δὲ ὑπὸ κινναβάρεως τὸ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν ἐπηνθισμένον. ἐς δὲ τὸ ἐπίνειον καταβᾶσιν ἐξ Αἰγείρας καὶ αὖθις ἐς τὰ πρόσω βαδίζουσιν ἔστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Ἀγροτέρας, ἔνθα τὴν αἶγα ὀκλάσαι λέγουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγειρα Διόνυσος Κιννάβαρις Φελλόη Ἀγροτέρα Ἄρτεμις Ἕλληνες

If any of the smaller towns in Greece flows abundantly with water, one could number Pelloe among them. There are sanctuaries of Dionysus and Artemis; the image of Artemis is made of bronze, depicted drawing an arrow from her quiver, while the statue of Dionysus is adorned with cinnabar paint. Descending from Aigeira to its harbor, and proceeding further inland again, on the right side of the road stands the sanctuary of Artemis Agrotera ("the huntress"), where they say the goat crouched.

Passage 7.26.12 Class: Skeptical

τῆς δὲ Αἰγειρατῶν ἔχονται Πελληνεῖς· πρὸς Σικυῶνος δὲ οὗτοι καὶ μοίρας τῆς Ἀργολίδος Ἀχαιῶν οἰκοῦσιν ἔσχατοι. τὸ δὲ ὄνομα ἐγένετο τῇ πόλει λόγῳ μὲν τῷ Πελληνέων ἀπὸ Πάλλαντος, τῶν Τιτάνων δὲ καὶ Πάλλαντα εἶναι λέγουσι, δόξῃ δὲ τῇ Ἀργείων ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Ἀργείου Πέλληνος· Φόρβαντος δὲ εἶναι τοῦ Τριόπα παῖδα αὐτὸν λέγουσιν.

Proper Nouns:

Αἰγείρα Πάλλας Πάλλας Πέλλην Πελλήνη Πελλήνη Σίκυων Τιτᾶνες Τρίοψ Φόρβαντας Ἀργεῖοι Ἀργεῖος Ἀργολίς Ἀχαιοί

Next to the territory of the people of Aigeira lies that of the Pelleneans. These inhabit the frontier of Achaia toward Sikyon and a part of Argolis. According to the Pellenean account, the name of their city is derived from Pallas, who is said to have been one of the Titans; on the other hand, according to the Argive tradition, the city received its name from an Argive named Pellen, who is said to have been the son of Phorbas and grandson of Triopas.

Passage 7.26.13 Class: Skeptical

Αἰγείρας δὲ ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ καὶ Πελλήνης πόλισμα ὑπήκοον Σικυωνίων Δονοῦσσα καλουμένη ἐγένετο μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Σικυωνίων ἀνάστατος, μνημονεύειν δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρον ἐν καταλόγῳ τῶν σὺν Ἀγαμέμνονί φασιν αὐτῆς ποιήσαντα ἔπος οἵ θʼ Ὑπερησίην τε καὶ αἰπεινὴν Δονόεσσαν· Hom. Il. 2.573 Πεισίστρατον δέ, ἡνίκα ἔπη τὰ Ὁμήρου διεσπασμένα τε καὶ ἄλλα ἀλλαχοῦ μνημονευόμενα ἤθροιζε, τότε αὐτὸν Πεισίστρατον ἢ τῶν τινα ἑταίρων μεταποιῆσαι τὸ ὄνομα ὑπὸ ἀγνοίας.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγειρα Δονοῦσσα Δονόεσσα Πέλληνα Πεισίστρατος Σικυώνιοι Ἀγαμέμνων Ἰλιάς Ὅμηρος Ὅμηρος Ὑπερησίη

Between Aegeira and Pellene there was a small town called Donoussa, subject to the Sicyonians. Though it was destroyed by the Sicyonians, they say Homer mentions it in his catalogue of Agamemnon's forces: “and Hyperesia and steep Donoessa” (Homer, Iliad 2.573). But they claim that when Peisistratus was gathering together Homer’s verses, which had become scattered and preserved in separate locations, either Peisistratus himself or one of his companions mistakenly changed the town’s name through ignorance.

Passage 7.26.14 Class: Non-skeptical

ἔστι δὲ Ἀριστοναῦται Πελληνεῦσιν ἐπίνειον. ἐς τοῦτο ἐξ Αἰγείρας τῆς ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ σταδίων ἐστὶν εἴκοσιν ὁδὸς καὶ ἑκατόν· ταύτης δὲ ἡμίσεια ἐς Πελλήνην ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐπινείου. ὄνομα δὲ Ἀριστοναύτας γενέσθαι τῷ ἐπινείῳ λέγουσιν, ὅτι καὶ ἐς τοῦτον τὸν λιμένα ὡρμίσαντο οἱ πλεύσαντες ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀργοῦς.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴγειρα Πέλλενη Πέλλενη Ἀργώ Ἀριστοναῦται Ἀριστοναῦται

Aristonautae is the port of the people of Pellene. From the seaside town of Aegeira the distance to this harbor is one hundred and twenty stadia, while half that distance separates the harbor from Pellene itself. They say that the port acquired the name Aristonautae ("Best Sailors") because the Argonauts, sailing aboard the Argo, once put into this harbor.

Legend:

Chapter 7.26