Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.47.1 Class: Non-skeptical

τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ἐν Τεγέᾳ τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐκομίσθη μὲν ἐκ δήμου τοῦ Μανθουρέων, Ἱππία δὲ παρὰ τοῖς Μανθουρεῦσιν εἶχεν ἐπίκλησιν, ὅτι τῷ ἐκείνων λόγῳ γινομένης τοῖς θεοῖς πρὸς γίγαντας μάχης ἐπήλασεν Ἐγκελάδῳ ἵππων τὸ ἅρμα· Ἀλέαν μέντοι καλεῖσθαι καὶ ταύτην ἔς τε Ἕλληνας τοὺς ἄλλους καὶ ἐς αὐτοὺς Πελοποννησίους ἐκνενίκηκε. τῷ δὲ ἀγάλματι τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τῇ μὲν Ἀσκληπιός, τῇ δὲ Ὑγείᾳ παρεστῶσά ἐστι λίθου τοῦ Πεντελησίου, Σκόπα δὲ ἔργα Παρίου.

Proper Nouns:

Μανθουρεῖς Μανθουρεῖς Πάριος Πελοποννήσιοι Πεντελησίον Σκόπας Τεγέα θεοί Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλέα Ἀσκληπιός Ἐγκέλαδος Ἕλληνες Ἱππία Ὑγίεια

The statue at Tegea in our day was brought there from the township of Manthurea. Among the Manthureans it had the surname Hippia, because, according to their tradition, during the battle between the gods and the giants, Athena drove her chariot and horses against Enkelados. Nevertheless, the name Alea prevailed as the standard usage among other Greeks as well as the Peloponnesians themselves. Beside this statue of Athena stand images of Asclepius on one side, and Hygieia on the other, both made from Pentelic marble and works of Skopas of Paros.

Passage 8.47.2 Class: Non-skeptical

ἀναθήματα δὲ ἐν τῷ ναῷ τὰ ἀξιολογώτατα, ἔστι μὲν τὸ δέρμα ὑὸς τοῦ Καλυδωνίου, διεσήπετο δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου καὶ ἐς ἅπαν ἦν τριχῶν ἤδη ψιλόν· εἰσὶ δὲ αἱ πέδαι κρεμάμεναι, πλὴν ὅσας ἠφάνισεν αὐτῶν ἰός, ἅς γε ἔχοντες Λακεδαιμονίων οἱ αἰχμάλωτοι τὸ πεδίον Τεγεάταις ἔσκαπτον· κλίνη τε ἱερὰ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ Αὔγης εἰκὼν γραφῇ μεμιμημένη Μαρπήσσης τε ἐπίκλησιν Χοίρας, γυναικὸς Τεγεάτιδος, ἀνάκειται τὸ ὅπλον.

Proper Nouns:

Αὔγη Καλυδώνιος Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μαρπήσση Τεγεᾶται Τεγεᾶτις Χοίρα Ἀθηνᾶ

The most notable dedications in the temple are the hide of the Calydonian boar, though by this time it had decayed through age and was entirely stripped of hair; there also hang chains, except for those destroyed by rust, which the captive Spartans wore when they dug the plain for the Tegeans. There is moreover a sacred couch of Athena, a painted portrait of Auge, and a representation of Marpessa, surnamed Choira—a woman from Tegea. Her shield is also dedicated here.

Passage 8.47.3 Class: Non-skeptical

ταύτης μὲν δὴ ποιησόμεθα καὶ ὕστερον μνήμην· ἱερᾶται δὲ τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ παῖς χρόνον οὐκ οἶδα ὅσον τινά, πρὶν δὲ ἡβάσκειν καὶ οὐ πρόσω, τὴν ἱερωσύνην. τῇ θεῷ δὲ ποιηθῆναι τὸν βωμὸν ὑπὸ Μελάμποδος τοῦ Ἀμυθάονος λέγουσιν· εἰργασμέναι δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ Ῥέα μὲν καὶ Οἰνόη νύμφη παῖδα ἔτι νήπιον Δία ἔχουσιν, ἑκατέρωθεν δέ εἰσι τέσσαρες ἀριθμόν, Γλαύκη καὶ Νέδα καὶ Θεισόα καὶ Ἀνθρακία, τῇ δὲ Ἴδη καὶ Ἁγνὼ καὶ Ἀλκινόη τε καὶ Φρίξα. πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Μουσῶν καὶ Μνημοσύνης ἀγάλματα.

Proper Nouns:

Γλαύκη Ζεύς Θεισόα Μελάμπους Μνημοσύνη Μοῦσαι Νέδα Οἰνόη Φρίξα Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλκινόη Ἀμυθάων Ἀνθρακία Ἁγνώ Ἴδη Ῥέα

Of this matter we shall speak again later. A girl serves as priestess to Athena for a period whose precise duration I cannot say, but only until she reaches puberty and no longer. They say the altar to the goddess was constructed by Melampus, the son of Amythaon. Upon the altar there are sculpted figures of Rhea and the nymph Oinoe holding the infant Zeus, still a child, and on either side of them are four additional figures. On one side, these are Glauke, Neda, Thisoa, and Anthrakia; while on the other, Ide, Hagno, Alkinoe, and Phrixa. There are also statues of the Muses and Mnemosyne.

Passage 8.47.4 Class: Skeptical

τοῦ ναοῦ δὲ οὐ πόρρω στάδιον χῶμα γῆς ἐστι, καὶ ἄγουσιν ἀγῶνας ἐνταῦθα, Ἀλεαῖα ὀνομάζοντες ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς, τὸν δὲ Ἁλώτια, ὅτι Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ πολὺ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ ζῶντας εἷλον. ἔστι δὲ ἐν τοῖς πρὸς ἄρκτον τοῦ ναοῦ κρήνη, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ βιασθῆναι τῇ κρήνῃ φασὶν Αὔγην ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους, οὐχ ὁμολογοῦντες Ἑκαταίῳ τὰ ἐς αὐτήν. ἀπωτέρω δὲ τῆς κρήνης ὅσον σταδίοις τρισίν ἐστιν Ἑρμοῦ ναὸς Αἰπύτου.

Proper Nouns:

Αἴπυτος Αὐγή Λακεδαιμόνιοι Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλεαῖα Ἁλώτια Ἑκαταῖος Ἑρμῆς Ἡρακλῆς

Not far from the temple is an earthen mound serving as a stadium, and here they hold games, called Aleaia after Athena, but one contest is named Halotia ("Prize of Capture"), because in battle they took most of the Lacedaemonians there alive. To the north of the temple stands a fountain; they say that at this fountain Auge was forced by Heracles, though they do not agree with Hecataeus regarding her. At about three stades beyond the fountain stands a temple of Hermes of Aepytus.

Passage 8.47.5 Class: Non-skeptical

Τεγεάταις δέ ἐστι καὶ ἄλλο ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾶς Πολιάτιδος, ἑκάστου δὲ ἅπαξ ἔτους ἱερεὺς ἐς αὐτὸ ἔσεισι· τοῦτο Ἔρυμα τὸ ἱερὸν ὀνομάζουσι, λέγοντες ὡς Κηφεῖ τῷ Ἀλέου γένοιτο δωρεὰ παρὰ Ἀθηνᾶς ἀνάλωτον ἐς τὸν πάντα χρόνον εἶναι Τεγέαν, καὶ αὐτῷ φασιν ἐς φυλακὴν τῆς πόλεως ἀποτεμοῦσαν τὴν θεὸν δοῦναι τριχῶν τῶν Μεδούσης.

Proper Nouns:

Κηφεύς Μεδούσα Πολιάτις Τεγέα Τεγεάτης Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀλεός Ἔρυμα

The Tegeans have also another sanctuary of Athena Polias, into which the priest enters only once in each year. They call this shrine the Eryma ("Defense"), saying that Athena gave it as a gift to Cepheus, son of Aleus, that Tegea might remain unconquered for all time. They say that the goddess, having cut off hairs from the head of Medusa, gave them to him as a protection for the city.

Passage 8.47.6 Class: Non-skeptical

ἐς δὲ τὴν Ἄρτεμιν, τὴν Ἡγεμόνην τὴν αὐτήν, τοιάδε λέγουσιν. Ὀρχομενίων τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ τυραννίδα ἔσχεν Ἀριστομηλίδας, ἐρασθεὶς δὲ Τεγεάτιδος παρθένου καὶ ἐγκρατὴς ὅτῳ δὴ τρόπῳ γενόμενος ἐπιτρέπει τὴν φρουρὰν αὐτῆς Χρονίῳ· καὶ ἡ μέν, πρὶν ἀναχθῆναι παρὰ τὸν τύραννον, ἀποκτίννυσιν ἑαυτὴν ὑπὸ δείματός τε καὶ αἰδοῦς, Χρόνιον δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος ἐπήγειρεν ὄψις ἐπὶ Ἀριστομηλίδαν· φονεύσας δὲ ἐκεῖνον καὶ ἐς Τεγέαν φυγὼν ἐποίησεν ἱερὸν τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι.

Proper Nouns:

Τεγέα Τεγεάτις Χρόνιος Χρόνιος Ἀριστομηλίδας Ἀριστομηλίδας Ἀρκαδία Ἄρτεμις Ἄρτεμις Ἄρτεμις Ἡγεμόνη Ὀρχομενίοι

Concerning Artemis, surnamed Hegemone, they relate this story: Aristomelidas had established a tyranny over the Orchomenians in Arcadia. Becoming enamored of a maiden from Tegea and having seized her by some means, he entrusted her guardianship to Chronios. Before she could be brought before the tyrant, the maiden, moved by fear and shame, took her own life. Afterwards, Artemis appeared to Chronios, inciting him against Aristomelidas. Having killed the tyrant, Chronios fled to Tegea and there built a sanctuary dedicated to Artemis.

Legend:

Chapter 8.47