Pausanias Analysis
Chapter 4.8
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Chapter 4.8
4.8.1: Messenians charge the Lacedaemonians in battle.
4.8.2: Skirmish between Spartans and Messenians.
4.8.3: Spartan military strength from Perioikoi, displaced peoples, and Cretan archers.
4.8.4: Messenians display courageous, steadfast resolve in battle.
4.8.5: Soldiers urging one another to face death bravely
4.8.6: Spartan military training and deeper phalanx tactics against the Messenians.
4.8.7: Battlefield conduct and the fate of those stripping corpses
4.8.8: Euphaes confronts Theopompus in battle
4.8.9: Euphaes and elite Messenians rout the Lacedaemonians and repel Theopompus.
4.8.10: Messenian wing suffers after Pytharatos falls.
4.8.11: Battle between Lacedaemonians under Euryleon and Messenians under Cleonnis
4.8.12: Infantry-dominated battle; cavalry ineffective and light troops inactive.
4.8.13: Envoys arrange recovery and burial of the dead after a battle.