Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 10.38

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
10.38.1 1 other high ἡ δὲ γῆ ἡ Λοκρῶν τῶν καλουμένων Ὀζολῶν προσεχὴς τῇ Φωκίδι ἐστὶ κατὰ τὴν Κίρραν. The land of the Locrians, called Ozolian, lies adjacent to Phocis near Cirrha. Purely geographical location and adjacency of regions.
10.38.1 2 other high ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπίκλησιν τῶν Λοκρῶν τούτων διάφορα ἤκουσα, ὁμοίως δὲ ἅπαντα δηλώσω. Concerning the epithet given to these Locrians, I have heard various explanations, all of which I shall equally relate. This is a methodological note about hearing and reporting explanations, not a mythic or historical event.
10.38.1 3 mythic high Ὀρεσθεῖ τῷ Δευκαλίωνος βασιλεύοντι ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ κύων ἔτεκεν ἀντὶ σκύλακος ξύλον· κατορύξαντος δὲ τοῦ Ὀρεσθέως τὸ ξύλον ἅμα τῷ ἦρι φῦναι ἄμπελον ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ λέγουσι καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῶν ὄζων γενέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. They say that in the reign of Orestheus, son of Deucalion, a dog gave birth not to a puppy but to a log of wood. Etiological myth about Orestheus and an impossible birth by a dog.
10.38.2 1 mythic high οἱ δὲ Νέσσον πορθμεύοντα ἐπὶ τῷ Εὐήνῳ τρωθῆναι μὲν ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους, οὐ μέντοι καὶ αὐτίκα γε ἀποθανεῖν ἀλλὰ ἐς τὴν γῆν ταύτην ἐκφυγεῖν νομίζουσι, καὶ ὡς ἀπέθανε σήπεσθαί τε ἄταφον καὶ ὀσμῆς τῷ ἐνταῦθα ἀέρι μεταδοῦναι δυσώδους. Others consider that Nessus, after being wounded by Heracles while ferrying across the river Evenus, did not die immediately, but escaped instead to this land, and that when he died here his body rotted unburied and imparted a foul stench to the air there. Nessus and Heracles are mythic figures, and the foul smell is presented as a landscape impact of that mythic event.
10.38.2 2 other high ὁ δὲ τρίτος τῶν λόγων καὶ ὁ τέταρτος, ὁ μὲν ποταμοῦ τινος ἄτοπον τήν τε ἀτμίδα καὶ αὐτό φησιν εἶναι τὸ ὕδωρ, ὁ δὲ τὸν ἀσφόδελον φύεσθαι πολὺν καὶ ἀνθοῦντα ὑπὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς. The third and fourth accounts—one states that the unpleasant vapor and water itself come from a nearby river, whereas the other attributes the smell to a great quantity of blooming asphodel growing there. Reports competing explanations for a smell/vapor from a river or asphodel growth; this is descriptive/antiquarian, not mythic or historical.
10.38.3 1 mythic high λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς οἱ πρῶτοι τῶν ἐνταῦθα ἀνθρώπων ἦσαν αὐτόχθονες, ἐσθῆτα δὲ οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοί πω ὑφαίνεσθαι σκέπην πρὸς τὸ ῥῖγος θηρίων δέρματα ἐποιοῦντο ἀδέψητα, τὸ δασὺ τῶν δερμάτων ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς ὑπὲρ εὐπρεπείας τρέποντες· It is also said that the first inhabitants of this place were autochthonous, who, not yet knowing how to weave garments, fashioned for protection against the cold coverings made from the skins of animals, unprepared by tanning, turning the hairy side outward for appearance's sake. Describes the earliest autochthonous inhabitants, a mythic origin story rather than a historical event.
10.38.3 2 other high ἔμελλεν οὖν κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ ταῖς βύρσαις καὶ ὁ χρώς σφισιν ἔσεσθαι δυσώδης. Consequently, their bodies must have become as malodorous as the skins themselves. Descriptive remark about smell and bodies; no mythic or historical event.
10.38.4 1 other high Δελφῶν δὲ ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις εἴκοσί τε καὶ ἑκατόν ἐστιν Ἄμφισσα μεγίστη καὶ ὀνομαστοτάτη πόλις τῶν Λοκρῶν. Twenty stades and one hundred beyond Delphi lies Amphissa, the greatest and most famous city of the Locrians. Purely geographic/directional description identifying Amphissa’s location relative to Delphi.
10.38.4 2 other high ἐσποιοῦσι δὲ αὑτοὺς ἐς τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν αἰσχύνῃ τῶν Ὀζολῶν τοῦ ὀνόματος· Due to their shame at the name of the Ozolian Locrians, the inhabitants associate themselves rather with the Aetolian nation. Describes an ethnic/geographical naming preference, not a mythic or historical event.
10.38.4 3 historical high καὶ δὴ καὶ ἔχει λόγον εἰκότα, ὅτε βασιλεὺς ὁ Ῥωμαίων ἀναστάτους ἐς τὸν Νικοπόλεως συνοικισμὸν ἐποίησεν Αἰτωλούς, ἀποχωρῆσαι τοῦ δήμου τὸ πολὺ ἐς τὴν Ἄμφισσαν. Indeed, the story has a degree of plausibility, because when the emperor of the Romans removed the Aetolians and resettled them in his new foundation of Nicopolis, a large portion of the population withdrew to Amphissa. Refers to the Roman emperor’s resettlement of the Aetolians and the founding of Nicopolis, an event after 500 BC.
10.38.4 4 other high τὸ μέντοι ἐξ ἀρχῆς γένους τοῦ Λοκρῶν εἰσι· Yet originally they descend from the Locrian people. An antiquarian note on ancestry/origin, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
10.38.4 5 mythic high τεθῆναι δὲ τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ Ἀμφίσσης τῆς Μάκαρος τοῦ Αἰόλου φασὶ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα ἐραστὴν γενέσθαι τῆς Ἀμφίσσης. They say the city derived its name from Amphissa, daughter of Macareus, son of Aeolus, and Apollo was said to have been Amphissa's lover. Apollo's lover and the city's naming from a mythic figure are mythic origin traditions.
10.38.5 1 other high κεκόσμηται δὲ ἡ πόλις κατασκευῇ τε τῇ ἄλλῃ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα ἥκοντα ἐς μνήμην ἔστι μὲν μνῆμα Ἀμφίσσης, ἔστι δὲ Ἀνδραίμονος· The city is adorned both in its general construction and especially with things most memorable; there is a tomb of Amphissa and one of Andraemon. Describes the city's adornment and tombs; this is topographical/antiquarian, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
10.38.5 2 mythic high σὺν δὲ αὐτῷ ταφῆναι λέγουσι καὶ Γόργην τὴν Οἰνέως συνοικήσασαν τῷ Ἀνδραίμονι. With him, they say, was buried Gorge, daughter of Oeneus, who had become the wife of Andraemon. Refers to Gorge, daughter of Oeneus, a mythological figure and burial tradition tied to heroic myth.
10.38.5 3 mythic high ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀκροπόλει ναός σφισιν Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν χαλκοῦ πεποιημένον, κομισθῆναι δὲ ὑπὸ Θόαντός φασιν αὐτὴν ἐξ Ἰλίου καὶ εἶναι λαφύρων τῶν ἐκ Τροίας· On the acropolis is a temple of Athena, with a bronze statue set upright; they claim that Thoas brought the image from Ilium, and that it formed part of the spoils from Troy. Refers to Troy, Ilium, and spoils from the Trojan War, a mythic event impacting the cult statue's origin.
10.38.6 1 other high οὐ μὴν καὶ ἐμέ γε ἔπειθον. However, at any rate, they did not persuade me. A statement of personal disbelief; no mythic, historical, or landscape content.
10.38.6 2 other high ἐδήλωσα δὲ ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου Σαμίους Ῥοῖκον Φιλαίου καὶ Θεόδωρον Τηλεκλέους εἶναι τοὺς εὑρόντας χαλκὸν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον τῆξαι· I mentioned earlier in my account that the Samians Rhoecus, son of Philaeus, and Theodorus, son of Telecles, were the first to discover how to melt bronze with the utmost precision; Antiquarian note about early technical discovery in bronze-working, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
10.38.6 3 historical high καὶ ἐχώνευσαν οὗτοι πρῶτοι. and these men were the first who cast statues. Refers to an early historical innovation in casting statues, not a mythic event.
10.38.6 4 other high Θεοδώρου μὲν δὴ οὐδὲν ἔτι οἶδα ἐξευρών, ὅσα γε χαλκοῦ πεποιημένα· Of Theodorus, indeed, I know of no other invented works that survive today, at least ones made of bronze. Antiquarian remark about surviving works by Theodorus; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
10.38.6 5 other high ἐν δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος τῆς Ἐφεσίας πρὸς τὸ οἴκημα ἐρχομένῳ τὸ ἔχον τὰς γραφὰς λίθου θριγκός ἐστιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ βωμοῦ τῆς Πρωτοθρονίης καλουμένης Ἀρτέμιδος· But at Ephesus, as one approaches the temple-building of Artemis, there is a stone cornice above the altar of Artemis, called Protothronia, on the structure where inscriptions are displayed. Describes a cultic structure and its features at Ephesus, not a mythic or historical event.
10.38.6 6 other high ἀγάλματα δὲ ἄλλα τε ἐπὶ τοῦ θριγκοῦ καὶ γυναικὸς εἰκὼν πρὸς τῷ πέρατι ἕστηκε, τέχνη τοῦ Ῥοίκου , On this cornice stand several statues, and at the far end is the likeness of a woman, a work executed by Rhoecus. Purely descriptive of statues and an artist attribution; no mythic or historical event.
10.38.6 7 other high Νύκτα δὲ οἱ Ἐφέσιοι καλοῦσι. The Ephesians call this figure Night. A naming/identification note about a figure called Night; descriptive and antiquarian rather than an event.
10.38.7 1 other high τοῦτο οὖν τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς ἐν τῇ Ἀμφίσσῃ Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ ἰδεῖν ἔστιν ἀρχαιότερον καὶ ἀργότερον τὴν τέχνην. This statue of Athena in Amphissa can be seen to be ancient in appearance and crude in its workmanship. Describes the appearance and workmanship of a statue, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
10.38.7 2 other high ἄγουσι δὲ καὶ τελετὴν οἱ Ἀμφισσεῖς Ἀνάκτων καλουμένων παίδων· The people of Amphissa also hold a rite dedicated to those called the Anaktes ("the Lords") children. Describes a local rite/cult practice; no specific mythic event or historical event after 500 BC.
10.38.7 3 mythic high οἵτινες δὲ θεῶν εἰσιν οἱ Ἄνακτες παῖδες, οὐ κατὰ ταὐτά ἐστιν εἰρημένον, ἀλλʼ οἱ μὲν εἶναι Διοσκούρους, οἱ δὲ Κούρητας, οἱ δὲ πλέον τι ἐπίστασθαι νομίζοντες Καβείρους λέγουσι. But as to whose children among the gods these Anaktes might be, accounts differ: some say they are the Dioskouroi, others the Curetes, and others, believing they have superior knowledge, call them the Kabeiroi. Identifies divine or heroic beings and alternative mythic genealogies (Dioskouroi, Curetes, Kabeiroi).
10.38.8 1 other high τούτων δὲ τῶν Λοκρῶν τοσαίδε ἄλλαι πόλεις εἰσίν· Of these Locrians, there are also the following other cities: Purely geographical/listing of cities among the Locrians; no mythic or historical event.
10.38.8 2 other high ἄνω μὲν ὑπὲρ Ἀμφίσσης πρὸς ἤπειρον Μυονία σταδίοις ἀπωτέρω τριάκοντα Ἀμφίσσης· Above Amphissa, toward the interior, is Myonia, thirty stades distant from Amphissa. Purely geographical location and distance information.
10.38.8 3 historical high οὗτοι καὶ τῷ Διὶ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ εἰσὶν οἱ ἀναθέντες Μυᾶνες τὴν ἀσπίδα. It is these Myonians who dedicated the shield at Olympia to Zeus. Refers to a civic dedication at Olympia by identifiable people; an attested historical votive offering, not mythic narrative.
10.38.8 4 other high κεῖται δὲ τὸ πόλισμα ἐπὶ ὑψηλοῦ, καί σφισιν ἄλσος καὶ βωμὸς θεῶν Μειλιχίων ἐστί· Their town is situated upon high ground, and they have a grove and an altar of the Meilichian gods. Purely topographical and cult-description: town location, grove, and altar.
10.38.8 5 other high νυκτεριναὶ δὲ αἱ θυσίαι θεοῖς τοῖς Μειλιχίοις εἰσὶ καὶ ἀναλῶσαι τὰ κρέα αὐτόθι πρὶν ἢ ἥλιον ἐπισχεῖν νομίζουσι. To these Meilichian gods they offer sacrifice by night, and their custom requires them to consume the sacrificial meat on the spot before sunrise. Describes ritual practice and custom of sacrifice, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
10.38.8 6 other high καὶ Ποσειδῶνός ἐστιν ὑπὲρ τὴν πόλιν τέμενος καλούμενον Ποσειδώνιον, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ ναὸς Ποσειδῶνος· Above the city there is also a sacred precinct of Poseidon, called the Poseidonion, in which stands a temple of Poseidon. Purely topographical and descriptive: it identifies a sanctuary and temple above the city, with no mythic or historical event.
10.38.8 7 other high τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ἐς ἐμὲ οὐκ ἦν. But at the time of my visit there was no image within it. Simple descriptive remark about what was present at the time of visit; not mythic or historical event.
10.38.9 1 other high οὗτοι μὲν δὴ ὑπεροικοῦσιν Ἀμφίσσης· These then are the peoples living beyond Amphissa. Purely geographical: identifies peoples living beyond Amphissa.
10.38.9 2 other high ἐπὶ θαλάσσης δὲ Οἰάνθεια καὶ ταύτῃ ὁμοροῦσά ἐστι Ναύπακτος. On the coast lies Oiantheia, and bordering upon it is Naupactus. Purely geographical description of coastal locations and borders.
10.38.9 3 historical high πλὴν δὲ Ἀμφίσσης ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν οἱ ἄλλοι Πατρέων ἄρχονται, βασιλέως σφίσι δόντος Αὐγούστου. Except for Amphissa, the remaining cities were placed under the authority of the people of Patrae by Augustus, who gave them a governor. Describes Augustus' administrative reorganization and governance, a post-500 BC historical event.
10.38.9 4 other high ἐν Οἰανθείᾳ δὲ Ἀφροδίτης τε ἱερὸν καὶ ὀλίγον ὑπὲρ τὴν πόλιν κυπαρίσσου τε ἀναμὶξ καὶ τῆς πίτυός ἐστιν ἄλσος καὶ ναός τε Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐν τῷ ἄλσει· In Oiantheia there is a sanctuary of Aphrodite, and a little way above the city is a grove of cypress trees intermingled with pines, as well as a temple and statue of Artemis within the grove. Purely descriptive report of sanctuaries, grove, temple, and statue in Oiantheia; no mythic or historical event.
10.38.9 5 other high γραφαὶ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν τοίχων ἐξίτηλοί τε ἦσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου καὶ οὐδὲν ἔτι ἐλείπετο ἐς θέαν αὐτῶν. The paintings on the walls had been effaced by time, and nothing of them remained now to be seen. Descriptive note about wall paintings being effaced by time; no mythic or historical event.
10.38.10 1 mythic medium κληθῆναι δὲ ἀπὸ γυναικὸς ἢ νύμφης τεκμαίρομαι τὴν πόλιν, ἐπεὶ ἐπὶ Ναυπάκτῳ γε οἶδα εἰρημένον ὡς Δωριεῖς οἱ ὁμοῦ τοῖς Ἀριστομάχου παισὶ τὰ πλοῖα αὐτόθι ἐποιήσαντο, οἷς ἐς Πελοπόννησον ἐπεραιώθησαν· καὶ ἀντὶ τούτου γενέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα τῷ χωρίῳ φασί. I infer that the city took its name from a woman or nymph, since concerning Naupactus, at least, I know it is said that the Dorians who were with the sons of Aristomachus built ships there, by means of which they crossed over into the Peloponnese; and for this reason, they say, the place received its name. Refers to a place-name explained by Dorian migration and the sons of Aristomachus, a mythic/legendary tradition rather than post-500 BC history.
10.38.10 2 historical high τὰ δέ μοι Ναυπακτίων, ὡς τοῖς ἐς Ἰθώμην ἀποστᾶσιν ὁμοῦ τῷ σεισμῷ τῷ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι Ἀθηναῖοι Ναύπακτον ἐνοικῆσαί σφισιν ἔδοσαν ἀφελόμενοι τοὺς Λοκροὺς καὶ ὡς τοῦ Ἀθηναίων ὕστερον πταίσματος τοῦ ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἐδίωξαν καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ναυπάκτου, τάδε μὲν ἐπεξῆλθέ μοι καὶ ἐς πλέον ἡ Μεσσηνία συγγραφή· As to the history of the inhabitants of Naupactus—that the Athenians settled here those who had revolted to Ithome at the time of the earthquake in Lacedaemon, having taken Naupactus away from the Locrians; and that afterward, when the Athenians suffered their defeat at Aigospotamoi, the Spartans drove the Messenians out of Naupactus as well—all these matters I have fully related in my account of Messene. Refers to the settlement of Naupactus by the Athenians and events at Aigospotamoi, both historical.
10.38.10 3 historical high ἐκλιπόντων δὲ ὑπὸ ἀνάγκης τῶν Μεσσηνίων, οὕτως οἱ Λοκροὶ συνελέγχθησαν αὖθις ἐς τὴν Ναύπακτον. When the Messenians were thus forced to abandon the city, the Locrians once more regained possession of Naupactus. Describes a concrete political/military change in possession of Naupactus, a post-mythic historical event.
10.38.11 1 other high τὰ δὲ ἔπη τὰ Ναυπάκτια ὀνομαζόμενα ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων ἀνδρὶ ἐσποιοῦσιν οἱ πολλοὶ Μιλησίῳ· Now the verses called by the Greeks the "Naupactian poem" most people ascribe to a Milesian poet. Literary/antiquarian note about an epic poem's attribution, not a mythic or historical event.
10.38.11 2 other high Χάρων δὲ ὁ Πύθεώ φησιν αὐτὰ ποιῆσαι Ναυπάκτιον Καρκίνον. But Charon, son of Pytheas, says that they were composed by the Naupactian Carcinus. A literary attribution about who composed the works; neither mythic nor historical event.
10.38.11 3 other high ἑπόμεθα δὲ καὶ ἡμεῖς τῇ τοῦ Λαμψακηνοῦ δόξῃ· We also follow the opinion of the Lampsacene. A statement of agreement with an opinion; no mythic or historical event.
10.38.11 4 other high τίνα γὰρ καὶ λόγον ἔχοι ἂν ἔπεσιν ἀνδρὸς Μιλησίου πεποιημένοις ἐς γυναῖκας τεθῆναί σφισιν ὄνομα Ναυπάκτια; For what sense would there be in naming poems composed by a Milesian poet after women from Naupactus? A rhetorical, antiquarian remark about the naming of poems; no mythic or historical event.
10.38.12 1 other high ἐνταῦθα ἔστι μὲν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ ναὸς Ποσειδῶνος καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν χαλκοῦ πεποιημένον. Here by the sea is a temple of Poseidon and an upright bronze statue. Purely descriptive location note about a temple and statue by the sea; no mythic or historical event.
10.38.12 2 other high ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ ἄγαλμα λευκοῦ λίθου· σχῆμα δὲ ἀκοντιζούσης παρέχεται καὶ ἐπίκλησιν εἴληφεν Αἰτωλή. There is also a sanctuary of Artemis and a statue made of white stone; it is represented in the attitude of throwing a javelin, and it bears the surname Aetolian. Describes a sanctuary and statue with local epithet; purely topographical/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
10.38.12 3 other high Ἀφροδίτη δὲ ἔχει μὲν ἐν σπηλαίῳ τιμάς· εὔχονται δὲ καὶ ἄλλων εἵνεκα καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες μάλιστα αἱ χῆραι γάμον αἰτοῦσι παρὰ τῆς θεοῦ. Aphrodite is honored within a cave; people pray to this goddess concerning various matters, but especially women—particularly widows—who beg her for marriage. Describes cult practice and a cave shrine to Aphrodite, not a mythic event or historical event.
10.38.13 1 other high τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἐρείπια ἦν, ἐξ ἀρχῆς δὲ ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτὸ ἀνὴρ ἰδιώτης Φαλύσιος. The sanctuary of Asclepius lay in ruins. A descriptive statement about the ruined sanctuary, without a mythic or historical event.
10.38.13 2 mythic high νοσήσαντι γάρ οἱ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀποδέον τυφλῷ ὁ ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ πέμπει θεὸς Ἀνύτην τὴν ποιήσασαν τὰ ἔπη φέρουσαν σεσημασμένην δέλτον. Originally, a private citizen named Phalysios had built it; for when he had become afflicted in his eyes and was almost blind, the god at Epidaurus sent to him Anyte, the poetess, carrying a sealed tablet. A divine intervention from the god at Epidaurus sending Anyte is a mythic event and its consequence.
10.38.13 3 other high τοῦτο ἐφάνη τῇ γυναικὶ ὄψις ὀνείρατος, ὕπαρ μέντοι ἦν αὐτίκα. This appeared to the woman as a dream vision; nevertheless, it proved instantly real. Describes a dream/vision and its seeming reality, not a mythic or historical event.
10.38.13 4 mythic high καὶ εὗρέ τε ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ ταῖς αὑτῆς σεσημασμένην δέλτον καὶ πλεύσασα ἐς τὴν Ναύπακτον ἐκέλευσεν ἀφελόντα τὴν σφραγῖδα Φαλύσιον ἐπιλέγεσθαι τὰ γεγραμμένα. She found in her hands a sealed tablet, and sailing to Naupactus, she instructed Phalysios to break the seal and read what had been written. A sealed tablet found in the hands of a figure and a subsequent instruction to read it belong to mythic narrative, not historical description.
10.38.13 5 other high τῷ δὲ ἄλλως μὲν οὐ δυνατὰ ἐφαίνετο ἰδεῖν τὰ γράμματα ἔχοντι οὕτω τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν. Now, because of the condition of his eyes, it seemed impossible that he could clearly see the writing. Describes a person's physical condition and ability to read, not a mythic or historical event.
10.38.13 6 mythic high ἐλπίζων δέ τι ἐκ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ χρηστὸν ἀφαιρεῖ τὴν σφραγῖδα, καὶ ἰδὼν ἐς τὸν κηρὸν ὑγιής τε ἦν καὶ δίδωσι τῇ Ἀνύτῃ τὸ ἐν τῇ δέλτῳ γεγραμμένον, στατῆρας δισχιλίους χρυσοῦ. But hoping for some benefit from Asclepius, he removed the seal, and immediately, as soon as he looked upon the wax, he became healthy. Healing by Asclepius is a divine miracle and reflects mythic impact on the person’s condition.