Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags
| Passage | Sentence | Bucket | Confidence | Greek | English | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.13.1 | 1 | historical | high | τότε δὲ ὁ Πύρρος, ὡς ἡττήθη, ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐς Τάραντα ἀνήγετο ταῖς λοιπαῖς· ἐνταῦθα προσέπταισε μεγάλως καὶ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν---οὐ γὰρ ἀμαχεὶ Ῥωμαίους ἠπίστατο ἀφήσοντας---πορίζεται τρόπον τοῦτον. | Then Pyrrhus, having been defeated, sailed back to Tarentum with the ships that remained to him; thereupon he encountered great difficulty, and because he knew that the Romans would not allow him to withdraw unopposed, he contrived the following stratagem for his retreat. | Pyrrhus and his retreat after defeat are historical events from the Hellenistic period. |
| 1.13.1 | 2 | historical | high | ὡς ἐπανήκων ἐκ Σικελίας ἡττήθη, πρῶτον διέπεμπε γράμματα ἔς τε τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ πρὸς Ἀντίγονον, τοὺς μὲν στρατιὰν τῶν βασιλέων, τοὺς δὲ χρήματα, Ἀντίγονον δὲ καὶ ἀμφότερα αἰτῶν· ἀφικομένων δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ὥς οἱ γράμματα ἀπεδόθη, συναγαγὼν τοὺς ἐν τέλει τῶν τε ἐξ Ἠπείρου καὶ τῶν Ταραντίνων, ὧν μὲν εἶχε τὰ βιβλία ἀνεγίνωσκεν οὐδέν, ὁ δὲ ἥξειν συμμαχίαν ἔλεγε. | After returning from Sicily and suffering defeat, he first sent letters to Asia and to Antigonus, requesting from some of the kings troops, from others money, and from Antigonus both of these; when the messengers returned and delivered to him the replies, summoning the leading men of the Epirotes and of the Tarentines, he read out none of the documents he had actually received, but instead announced that support would soon arrive. | Refers to post-500 BC political/military events involving Sicily, Antigonus, Epirotes, and Tarentines. |
| 1.13.1 | 3 | historical | high | ταχὺ δὲ καὶ ἐς τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἦλθε φήμη Μακεδόνας καὶ ἄλλα ἔθνη περαιοῦσθαι τῶν Ἀσιανῶν ἐς τὴν Πύρρου βοήθειαν· Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἀκούοντες ἡσύχαζον, Πύρρος δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν περαιοῦται νύκτα πρὸς τὰ ἄκρα τῶν ὀρῶν, ἃ Κεραύνια ὀνομάζουσι. | The rumour quickly reached the Romans as well, that Macedonians and other peoples from Asia were crossing to aid Pyrrhus; on hearing this, the Romans temporarily remained quiet, and Pyrrhus took advantage of the following night to cross over secretly to the mountains called Ceraunia. | Describes Pyrrhus and the Romans, a post-500 BC historical episode involving troop movements and a place-name. |
| 1.13.2 | 1 | historical | high | μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ πληγὴν ἀναπαύσας τὴν δύναμιν προεῖπεν Ἀντιγόνῳ πόλεμον, ἄλλα τε ποιούμενος ἐγκλήματα καὶ μάλιστα τῆς ἐς Ἰταλίαν βοηθείας διαμαρτίαν. | After the defeat in Italy, Pyrrhus rested his forces and then declared war upon Antigonus, bringing forward several accusations, and above all citing his failure to provide assistance in Italy. | Refers to Pyrrhus, Antigonus, and a war after the Italian campaign, which is historical rather than mythic. |
| 1.13.2 | 2 | historical | high | κρατήσας δὲ τήν τε ἰδίαν παρασκευὴν Ἀντιγόνου καὶ τὸ παρʼ αὐτῷ Γαλατῶν ξενικὸν ἐδίωξεν ἐς τὰς ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ πόλεις, αὐτὸς δὲ Μακεδονίας τε τῆς ἄνω καὶ Θεσσαλῶν ἐπεκράτησε. | Having overcome both Antigonus's own troops and the Gallic mercenaries serving under him, Pyrrhus drove him to the coastal cities, and himself gained possession of Upper Macedonia and Thessaly. | Describes Pyrrhus's military campaign and control of Macedonia and Thessaly, a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 1.13.2 | 3 | historical | high | δηλοῖ δὲ μάλιστα τὸ μέγεθος τῆς μάχης καὶ τὴν Πύρρου νίκην, ὡς παρὰ πολὺ γένοιτο, τὰ ἀνατεθέντα ὅπλα τῶν Κελτῶν ἐς τε τὸ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν τῆς Ἰτωνίας Φερῶν μεταξὺ καὶ Λαρίσης καὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς· | The magnitude of this battle and Pyrrhus's decisive victory, indicating how severe the conflict had been, is best demonstrated by the Celtic armor dedicated in the temple of Athena Itonia, situated between Pherai and Larissa, and by the inscription upon these weapons: | Refers to Pyrrhus and the Celtic spoils dedicated after a historical battle, with impact on a sanctuary's contents. |
| 1.13.2 | 4 | historical | medium | τοὺς θυρεοὺς ὁ Μολοσσὸς Ἰτωνίδι δῶρον Ἀθάνᾳ | "The Molossian dedicated these shields to Athena Itonia." | A dedication of shields is a votive/historical act, not a mythic event. |
| 1.13.3 | 1 | historical | high | Πύρρος ἀπὸ θρασέων ἐκρέμασεν Γαλατᾶν, πάντα τὸν Ἀντιγόνου καθελὼν στρατόν. | Pyrrhus hung these shields taken from the daring Gauls after defeating Antigonus’ entire army. | Refers to Pyrrhus and Antigonus, a Hellenistic historical event and trophy display. |
| 1.13.3 | 2 | other | high | οὐ μέγα θαῦμα· | Nor is this greatly surprising. | A general statement of surprise, not an event, mythic episode, or historical development. |
| 1.13.3 | 3 | other | high | αἰχματαὶ καὶ νῦν καὶ πάρος Αἰακίδαι. | For the Aiakidai have always been skilled warriors, both now and in former times. | A general statement about the Aiakidai's warrior reputation, not an event or landscape effect. |
| 1.13.3 | 4 | historical | high | τούτους μὲν δὴ ἐνταῦθα, τῷ δὲ ἐν Δωδώνῃ Διὶ Μακεδόνων ἀνέθηκεν αὐτῶν τὰς ἀσπίδας. | These shields, then, he dedicated here, while those of the Macedonians he consecrated to Zeus at Dodona. | Describes a dedicator's offering of shields to Zeus at Dodona, a post-classical historical act. |
| 1.13.3 | 5 | other | high | ἐπιγέγραπται δὲ καὶ ταύταις· | An inscription is likewise placed upon them: | Describes an inscription on objects; purely descriptive/antiquarian, not mythic or historical. |
| 1.13.3 | 6 | historical | medium | αἵδε ποτʼ Ἀσίδα γαῖαν ἐπόρθησαν πολύχρυσον, αἵδε καὶ Ἕλλασι ν δουλοσύναν ἔπορον. | "These shields once devastated the gold-rich land of Asia; these shields bestowed servitude upon the Greeks. | Refers to the Persian wars and historical devastation/enslavement of Greece and Asia, not mythic narrative. |
| 1.13.3 | 7 | historical | high | νῦν δὲ Διὸς ναῶ ποτὶ κίονας ὀρφανὰ κεῖται τᾶς μεγαλαυχήτω σκῦλα Μακεδονίας. | Now they lie ownerless beside the columns of Zeus’ temple, the spoils from boastful Macedonia." | Refers to spoils from Macedonia at Zeus' temple, an impact of a historical military event. |
| 1.13.3 | 8 | historical | high | Πύρρῳ δὲ Μακεδόνας ἐς ἅπαν μὴ καταστρέψασθαι παρʼ ὀλίγον ὅμως ἥκοντι ἐγένετο Κλεώνυμος αἴτιος, | Cleonymus became responsible, however, that Pyrrhus fell short by only a little of completely subduing Macedonia, although he had advanced very near to doing so. | Refers to Pyrrhus and Macedonia, a post-Classical historical episode. |
| 1.13.4 | 1 | other | high | ἑτοιμοτέρῳ καὶ ἄλλως ὄντι ἑλέσθαι τὰ ἐν χερσίν. | He was in any case the more ready to take what lay easily within his grasp. | General descriptive remark with no mythic or historical event. |
| 1.13.4 | 2 | historical | medium | Κλεώνυμος δὲ οὗτος, ὁ τὸν Πύρρον ἀπολιπόντα τὰ Μακεδόνων πείσας ἐς Πελοπόννησον ἐλθεῖν, Λακεδαιμόνιος ὢν Λακεδαιμονίοις στρατὸν ἐς τὴν χώραν πολέμιον ἐπῆγε διʼ αἰτίαν, ἣν ἐγὼ τοῦ γένους ὕστερον τοῦ Κλεωνύμου δηλώσω. | This Cleonymus, who persuaded Pyrrhus to leave Macedonian affairs behind and come to the Peloponnese, being himself a Lacedaemonian, brought an enemy army against the Lacedaemonians into their own land, for a reason which I shall explain when I later speak of Cleonymus's family. | Refers to Cleonymus bringing Pyrrhus and an enemy army into Laconia, an event in the historical period, though it is mainly narrative reference rather than landscape description. |
| 1.13.4 | 3 | historical | high | Παυσανίου τοῦ περὶ Πλάταιαν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἡγησαμένου Πλειστοάναξ υἱὸς ἐγένετο, τοῦ δὲ Παυσανίας, τοῦ δὲ Κλεόμβροτος, ὃς ἐναντία Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ καὶ Θηβαίοις μαχόμενος ἀπέθανεν ἐν Λέκτροις· | Pleistoanax was the son of that Pausanias who had led the Greeks at Plataea; Pausanias was the son of Cleombrotus, who fell fighting against Epaminondas and the Thebans at Leuctra. | Refers to the Battle of Plataea and the Battle of Leuctra, both historical events. |
| 1.13.4 | 4 | other | high | Κλεομβρότου δὲ Ἀγησίπολις ἦν καὶ Κλεομένης, | Cleombrotus had two sons, Agesipolis and Cleomenes. | Genealogical statement identifying descendants; neither mythic event nor post-500 BC historical event. |
| 1.13.4 | 5 | historical | high | Ἀγησιπόλιδος δὲ ἄπαιδος τελευτήσαντος Κλεομένης τὴν βασιλείαν ἔσχε. | Agesipolis died childless, so Cleomenes inherited the kingship. | Succession of a Spartan king is a historical dynastic event, not mythic or descriptive. |
| 1.13.5 | 1 | historical | high | Κλεομένει δὲ παῖδες γίνονται πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀκρότατος, νεώτερος δὲ Κλεώνυμος. | Cleomenes had two sons, the elder named Acrotatus, the younger Cleonymus. | Genealogical notice about Cleomenes’ sons; a historical/biographical detail, not mythic or purely geographical. |
| 1.13.5 | 2 | historical | high | Ἀκρότατον μὲν οὖν πρότερον κατέλαβεν ἡ τελευτή· Κλεομένους δὲ ἀποθανόντος ὕστερον ἐς ἀμφισβήτησιν κατέστη περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς Ἀρεὺς ὁ Ἀκροτάτου, καὶ Κλεώνυμος ὅτῳ δὴ τρόπῳ μετελθὼν ἐπάγει Πύρρον ἐς τὴν χώραν. | Acrotatus died first, and after Cleomenes himself passed away, a dispute arose over the kingship between Areus, the son of Acrotatus, and Cleonymus, who attempted by various means and eventually brought Pyrrhus into the country. | Refers to a dynastic dispute and Pyrrhus' campaign, an event after 500 BC. |
| 1.13.5 | 3 | historical | high | Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ πρὸ μὲν τοῦ ἐν Λεύκτροις οὐδὲν ἐγεγόνει πταῖσμα, ὥστε οὐδὲ συνεχώρουν ἀγῶνί πω κεκρατῆσθαι πεζῷ· | Before the battle at Leuctra, the Lacedaemonians had never faced defeat and did not even concede that their infantry had ever been bested in battle. | Refers to the historical Battle of Leuctra and Spartan military defeat. |
| 1.13.5 | 4 | historical | high | Λεωνίδᾳ μὲν γὰρ νικῶντι οὐκ ἔφασαν τοὺς ἑπομένους ἐς τελέαν ἐξαρκέσαι φθορὰν τῶν Μήδων, τὸ δὲ Ἀθηναίων καὶ Δημοσθένους ἔργον πρὸς τῇ νήσῳ Σφακτηρίᾳ κλοπὴν εἶναι πολέμου καὶ οὐ νίκην. | They asserted that the companions of Leonidas, though victorious, were insufficient to bring about the complete destruction of the Medes, while the exploit of the Athenians and Demosthenes at the island of Sphacteria was merely a stratagem in war, not a genuine victory. | Compares named Greek war events and battles from the classical historical period. |
| 1.13.6 | 1 | historical | high | πρώτης δὲ γενομένης σφίσι συμφορᾶς ἐν Βοιωτοῖς, ὕστερον Ἀντιπάτρῳ καὶ Μακεδόσι μεγάλως προσέπταισαν· τρίτος δὲ ὁ Δημητρίου πόλεμος κακὸν ἀνέλπιστον ἦλθεν ἐς τὴν γῆν. | After their first disaster in Boeotia, they subsequently suffered greatly at the hands of Antipater and the Macedonians, and thirdly came the war with Demetrius, which brought unexpected misfortune to their land. | Refers to Antipater, the Macedonians, and Demetrius' war, which are historical events affecting the land. |
| 1.13.6 | 2 | historical | high | Πύρρου δὲ ἐσβαλόντος τέταρτον δὴ τότε στρατὸν ὁρῶντες πολέμιον αὐτοί τε παρετάσσοντο καὶ Ἀργείων ἥκοντες καὶ Μεσσηνίων σύμμαχοι· Πύρρος δὲ ὡς ἐπεκράτησεν, ὀλίγου μὲν ἦλθεν ἑλεῖν αὐτοβοεὶ τὴν πόλιν, δῃώσας δὲ τὴν γῆν καὶ λείαν ἐλάσας μικρὸν ἡσύχαζεν. | When Pyrrhus invaded, bringing the fourth hostile army down upon them, they set themselves in battle array along with the allies who arrived from Argos and Messene; Pyrrhus, when he had gained the upper hand, almost took the city by a direct assault; however, having ravaged the territory and driven off booty, he paused briefly. | Pyrrhus is a Hellenistic historical figure; the sentence describes a historical invasion and ravaging of territory. |
| 1.13.6 | 3 | historical | high | οἱ δὲ ἐς πολιορκίαν εὐτρεπίζοντο, πρότερον ἔτι τῆς Σπάρτης ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ πρὸς Δημήτριον τάφροις τε βαθείαις καὶ σταυροῖς τετειχισμένης ἰσχυροῖς, τὰ δὲ ἐπιμαχώτατα καὶ οἰκοδομήμασιν. | The Spartans then prepared themselves for a siege; still earlier, during their war against Demetrius, Sparta had been fortified with trenches, deep moats, and strong palisades, and at its most vulnerable points even buildings had been constructed as fortifications. | Refers to Sparta's fortification during its war with Demetrius, a post-Classical historical event and its landscape impact. |
| 1.13.7 | 1 | historical | high | ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον καὶ τὴν τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ Λακωνικοῦ τριβὴν Ἀντίγονος τὰς πόλεις τῶν Μακεδόνων ἀνασωσάμενος ἠπείγετο ἐς Πελοπόννησον οἷα ἐπιστάμενος Πύρρον, ἢν Λακεδαίμονα καταστρέψηται καὶ Πελοποννήσου τὰ πολλά, οὐκ ἐς Ἤπειρον ἀλλʼ ἐπί τε Μακεδονίαν αὖθις καὶ τὸν ἐκεῖ πόλεμον ἥξοντα· | Around this same time, when the protraction of the Spartan war continued, Antigonus, having restored the cities of the Macedonians, hastened toward the Peloponnese, knowing well that if Pyrrhus succeeded in capturing Sparta and most parts of the Peloponnese, he would move not back toward Epirus but instead against Macedonia, thus renewing war in that region. | Mentions Antigonus, Pyrrhus, and the Spartan war—clearly a historical military episode after 500 BC. |
| 1.13.7 | 2 | historical | high | μέλλοντος δὲ Ἀντιγόνου τὸν στρατὸν ἐξ Ἄργους ἐς τὴν Λακωνικὴν ἄγειν, αὐτὸς ἐς τὸ Ἄργος ἐληλύθει Πύρρος. | As Antigonus was preparing to lead his army from Argos towards Laconia, Pyrrhus himself arrived at Argos. | Refers to Pyrrhus and Antigonus in a Hellenistic historical episode. |
| 1.13.7 | 3 | historical | high | κρατῶν δὲ καὶ τότε συνεσπίπτει τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἐς τὴν πόλιν καί οἱ διαλύεται κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς ἡ τάξις· | Although victorious on that occasion as well, Pyrrhus pursued the fleeing soldiers right into the city, and consequently, as might be expected, his formation was thrown into disorder. | Describes Pyrrhus in a historical military episode. |
| 1.13.8 | 1 | historical | high | μαχομένων δὲ πρὸς ἱεροῖς ἤδη καὶ οἰκίαις καὶ κατὰ τοὺς στενωποὺς καὶ κατʼ ἄλλο ἄλλων τῆς πόλεως, ἐνταῦθα ὁ Πύρρος ἐμονώθη καὶ τιτρώσκεται τὴν κεφαλήν. | While the fighting was already taking place around temples, houses, narrow streets, and scattered places throughout the city, Pyrrhus became isolated and was wounded in the head. | Describes Pyrrhus in the historical fighting at Argos, an event after 500 BC. |
| 1.13.8 | 2 | mythic | high | κεράμῳ δὲ βληθέντα ὑπὸ γυναικὸς τεθνάναι φασὶ Πύρρον· | They say Pyrrhus died when struck by a roof-tile thrown by a woman. | Pyrrhus's death by a roof-tile thrown by a woman is a legendary/mythic death story. |
| 1.13.8 | 3 | mythic | high | Ἀργεῖοι δὲ οὐ γυναῖκα τὴν ἀποκτείνασαν, Δήμητρα δέ φασιν εἶναι γυναικὶ εἰκασμένην. | The Argives, however, claim it was not a woman who killed him, but Demeter herself, disguised in the form of a woman. | Identifies Demeter in disguise, a mythic divine action rather than historical or descriptive material. |
| 1.13.8 | 4 | mythic | high | ταῦτα ἐς τὴν Πύρρου τελευτὴν αὐτοὶ λέγουσιν Ἀργεῖοι καὶ ὁ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἐξηγητὴς Λυκέας ἐν ἔπεσιν εἴρηκε· | The Argives themselves recount these details about Pyrrhus' death, and the local guide Lyceas has recorded them in verse. | Pyrrhus' death is a legendary/mythic episode, and the sentence reports local tradition about it. |
| 1.13.8 | 5 | historical | high | καί σφισιν ἔστι τοῦ θεοῦ χρήσαντος, ἔνθα ὁ Πύρρος ἐτελεύτησεν, ἱερὸν Δήμητρος· | At the spot where Pyrrhus died there is a sanctuary of Demeter, as the oracle of the god had previously instructed them. | Refers to Pyrrhus's death and the resulting sanctuary at the site, a post-500 BC historical landscape marker. |
| 1.13.9 | 1 | historical | high | ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ὁ Πύρρος τέθαπται. | Pyrrhus is buried there as well. | Pyrrhus is a historical figure, and the sentence refers to his burial at the site. |
| 1.13.9 | 2 | mythic | high | θαῦμα δὴ ποιοῦμαι τῶν καλουμένων Αἰακιδῶν τρισὶ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ συμβῆναι τὴν τελευτήν, εἴ γε Ἀχιλλέα μὲν Ὅμηρος ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου φησὶ τοῦ Πριάμου καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἀπολέσθαι, Πύρρον δὲ τὸν Ἀχιλλέως ἡ Πυθία προσέταξεν ἀποκτεῖναι Δελφοῖς, τῷ δὲ Αἰακίδου συνέβη τὰ ἐς τὴν τελευτὴν οἷα Ἀργεῖοί τε λέγουσι καὶ Λυκέας ἐποίησε. | Indeed, I greatly marvel that three of those called Aeacidae encountered their deaths in the same way by divine intervention: Homer says that Achilles perished at the hands of Alexander, Priam's son, and Apollo; Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles, was commanded by the Pythian oracle to be slain at Delphi; while the circumstances surrounding the death of the third Aeacid occurred as the Argives relate and as Lyceas has depicted. | The sentence concerns legendary Aeacid deaths and divine/oracular causation, all within mythic tradition. |
| 1.13.9 | 3 | other | high | διάφορα δὲ ὅμως ἐστὶ καὶ ταῦτα ὧν Ἱερώνυμος ὁ Καρδιανὸς ἔγραψεν· ἀνδρὶ γὰρ βασιλεῖ συνόντα ἀνάγκη πᾶσα ἐς χάριν συγγράφειν. | Yet these accounts differ from the version recorded by Hieronymus of Cardia; for a man closely connected to a king must necessarily write in a flattering way. | Antiquarian comment on differing accounts and historiographical bias, not a mythic or historical event. |
| 1.13.9 | 4 | historical | high | εἰ δὲ καὶ Φίλιστος αἰτίαν δικαίαν εἴληφεν, ἐπελπίζων τὴν ἐν Συρακούσαις κάθοδον, ἀποκρύψασθαι τῶν Διονυσίου τὰ ἀνοσιώτατα, ἦ που πολλή γε Ἱερωνύμῳ συγγνώμη τὰ ἐς ἡδονὴν Ἀντιγόνου γράφειν. | And if Philistus can justly be censured for concealing Dionysius' most impious acts through hopes of returning to Syracuse, then surely much pardon must be granted to Hieronymus for writing what pleased Antigonus. | Refers to later historical figures Philistus, Dionysius, Hieronymus, and Antigonus; it is a moral comparison about historiography, not myth. |