Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 1.18

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
1.18.1 1 mythic high τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τῶν Διοσκούρων ἐστὶν ἀρχαῖον, αὐτοί τε ἑστῶτες καὶ οἱ παῖδες καθήμενοί σφισιν ἐφʼ ἵππων. The sanctuary of the Dioscuri is ancient; the Dioscuri themselves are standing, and their sons are seated upon horses. The Dioscuri are mythic figures, and the sentence describes their sanctuary and cult image.
1.18.1 2 mythic high ἐνταῦθα Πολύγνωτος μὲν ἔχοντα ἐς αὐτοὺς ἔγραψε γάμον τῶν θυγατέρων τῶν Λευκίππου, Μίκων δὲ τοὺς μετὰ Ἰάσονος ἐς Κόλχους πλεύσαντας· Here Polygnotus painted the marriage of the daughters of Leucippus, including the Dioscuri's role in it, while Micon depicted the expedition of Jason and his companions sailing to Colchis. Describes mythic subjects depicted by the painters: the marriage of the daughters of Leucippus and Jason’s voyage to Colchis.
1.18.1 3 mythic high καί οἱ τῆς γραφῆς ἡ σπουδὴ μάλιστα ἐς Ἄκαστον καὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἔχει τοὺς Ἀκάστου. The painting particularly emphasizes Acastus and the horses of Acastus. Acastus and his horses belong to the mythic narrative depicted in the painting.
1.18.2 1 other high ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν Διοσκούρων τὸ ἱερὸν Ἀγλαύρου τέμενός ἐστιν. Above the sanctuary of the Dioscuri is the precinct of Aglauros. Purely topographical description of locations in the sanctuary; no event is described.
1.18.2 2 mythic high Ἀγλαύρῳ δὲ καὶ ταῖς ἀδελφαῖς Ἕρσῃ καὶ Πανδρόσῳ δοῦναί φασιν Ἀθηνᾶν Ἐριχθόνιον καταθεῖσαν ἐς κιβωτόν, ἀπειποῦσαν ἐς τὴν παρακαταθήκην μὴ πολυπραγμονεῖν· Πάνδροσον μὲν δὴ λέγουσι πείθεσθαι, τὰς δὲ δύο---ἀνοῖξαι γὰρ σφᾶς τὴν κιβωτόν---μαίνεσθαί τε, ὡς εἶδον τὸν Ἐριχθόνιον, καὶ κατὰ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως, ἔνθα ἦν μάλιστα ἀπότομον, αὑτὰς ῥῖψαι. It is said that Athena entrusted Erichthonius, whom she had placed in a chest, to Aglauros and her sisters, Herse and Pandrosos, instructing them not to pry into the entrusted charge. Athena, Erichthonius, and the daughters' taboo are mythological figures and events.
1.18.2 3 historical high κατὰ τοῦτο ἐπαναβάντες Μῆδοι κατεφόνευσαν Ἀθηναίων τοὺς πλέον τι ἐς τὸν χρησμὸν ἢ Θεμιστοκλῆς εἰδέναι νομίζοντας καὶ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ξύλοις καὶ σταυροῖς ἀποτειχίσαντας. Pandrosos, they say, obeyed this instruction, but the other two opened the chest, and upon viewing Erichthonius, they went mad and flung themselves from the steepest part of the Acropolis. Describes the Persian sack of the Acropolis, a post-500 BC historical event and its effect on the landscape.
1.18.3 1 other high πλησίον δὲ πρυτανεῖόν ἐστιν, ἐν ᾧ νόμοι τε οἱ Σόλωνός εἰσι γεγραμμένοι καὶ θεῶν Εἰρήνης ἀγάλματα κεῖται καὶ Ἑστίας, ἀνδριάντες δὲ ἄλλοι τε καὶ Αὐτόλυκος ὁ παγκρατιαστής· Near by is the Prytaneion, in which stand the written laws of Solon and statues of the goddesses Peace and Hestia; there are also statues of various other persons, including Autolykos the pancratiast. A topographical description of the Prytaneion and its statues, including Solon’s laws; descriptive and antiquarian rather than mythic or historical narrative.
1.18.3 2 historical high τὰς γὰρ Μιλτιάδου καὶ Θεμιστοκλέους εἰκόνας ἐς Ῥωμαῖόν τε ἄνδρα καὶ Θρᾷκα μετέγραψαν. But the images of Miltiades and Themistocles have been re-inscribed as a Roman and a Thracian. Concerns the later re-inscription of civic images of Miltiades and Themistocles, a post-classical historical alteration.
1.18.4 1 historical high ἐντεῦθεν ἰοῦσιν ἐς τὰ κάτω τῆς πόλεως Σαράπιδός ἐστιν ἱερόν, ὃν Ἀθηναῖοι παρὰ Πτολεμαίου θεὸν ἐσηγάγοντο. As you go from here down into the lower parts of the city, there is a sanctuary of Serapis, a god whom the Athenians introduced from Ptolemy. The sentence describes a sanctuary and its introduction by the Athenians from Ptolemy, a post-classical historical cult transfer.
1.18.4 2 other high Αἰγυπτίοις δὲ ἱερὰ Σαράπιδος ἐπιφανέστατον μέν ἐστιν Ἀλεξανδρεῦσιν, ἀρχαιότατον δὲ ἐν Μέμφει· Among the Egyptians, the most famous sanctuary of Serapis is in Alexandria, but the oldest is in Memphis. A descriptive note about the locations of Serapis sanctuaries, not a mythic event or a historical event.
1.18.4 3 mythic high ἐς τοῦτο ἐσελθεῖν οὔτε ξένοις ἔστιν οὔτε τοῖς ἱερεῦσι, πρὶν ἂν τὸν Ἆπιν θάπτωσι. Into this sanctuary at Memphis neither foreigners nor even priests may enter until the time they bury Apis. Apis is a sacred bull tied to cult and mythic-religious practice; the sentence concerns sanctuary access before his burial.
1.18.4 4 mythic high τοῦ δὲ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Σαράπιδος οὐ πόρρω χωρίον ἐστίν, ἔνθα Πειρίθουν καὶ Θησέα συνθεμένους ἐς Λακεδαίμονα καὶ ὕστερον ἐς Θεσπρωτοὺς σταλῆναι λέγουσι. Near the sanctuary of Serapis in Athens, there is a place where they say that Peirithous and Theseus made an agreement to journey first to Lacedaemon, and afterwards to the Thesprotians. Mentions Theseus and Peirithous, mythic figures, and their agreement to travel; this is mythic narrative tied to a place.
1.18.5 1 mythic high πλησίον δὲ ᾠκοδόμητο ναὸς Εἰλειθυίας, ἣν ἐλθοῦσαν ἐξ Ὑπερβορέων ἐς Δῆλον γενέσθαι βοηθὸν ταῖς Λητοῦς ὠδῖσι, Nearby was built a temple of Eileithyia, who, according to tradition, came from the Hyperboreans to Delos to assist at Leto's childbirth. Eileithyia’s arrival from the Hyperboreans to aid Leto’s childbirth is a mythic tradition tied to divine action.
1.18.5 2 mythic medium τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους παρʼ αὐτῶν φασι τῆς Εἰλειθυίας μαθεῖν τὸ ὄνομα· They say it was from the Delians themselves that the other peoples learned the name of Eileithyia. Refers to the divine figure Eileithyia and a mythic-etymological tradition about learning her name from the Delians.
1.18.5 3 mythic high καὶ θύουσί τε Εἰλειθυίᾳ Δήλιοι καὶ ὕμνον ᾄδουσιν Ὠλῆνος. The Delians sacrifice to Eileithyia and sing the hymn composed by Olen. Eileithyia is a mythic deity, and the hymn of Olen belongs to mythic cult tradition.
1.18.5 4 mythic high Κρῆτες δὲ χώρας τῆς Κνωσσίας ἐν Ἀμνισῷ γενέσθαι νομίζουσιν Εἰλείθυιαν καὶ παῖδα Ἥρας εἶναι· But the Cretans of the territory of Knossos maintain that Eileithyia was born at Amnisos, and that she is the daughter of Hera. States a local myth about Eileithyia's birth and divine parentage, affecting the sacred landscape at Amnisos.
1.18.5 5 other high μόνοις δὲ Ἀθηναίοις τῆς Εἰλειθυίας κεκάλυπται τὰ ξόανα ἐς ἄκρους τοὺς πόδας. The Athenians alone cover the wooden images of Eileithyia down to their feet. Describes a cultic practice and image detail at Athens; no mythic event or historical event is being narrated.
1.18.5 6 mythic high τὰ μὲν δὴ δύο εἶναι Κρητικὰ καὶ Φαίδρας ἀναθήματα ἔλεγον αἱ γυναῖκες, τὸ δὲ ἀρχαιότατον Ἐρυσίχθονα ἐκ Δήλου κομίσαι. The women said that two of these statues are Cretan in origin and dedicated by Phaedra, while the oldest one was brought from Delos by Erysichthon. Phaedra, Erysichthon, and Delos place this in mythic/legendary tradition about statue origins.
1.18.6 1 historical high πρὶν δὲ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν ἰέναι τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Ὀλυμπίου ---Ἀδριανὸς ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς τόν τε ναὸν ἀνέθηκε καὶ τὸ ἄγαλμα θέας ἄξιον, οὗ μεγέθει μέν, ὅτι μὴ Ῥοδίοις καὶ Ῥωμαίοις εἰσὶν οἱ κολοσσοί, τὰ λοιπὰ ἀγάλματα ὁμοίως ἀπολείπεται, πεποίηται δὲ ἔκ τε ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἔχει τέχνης εὖ πρὸς τὸ μέγεθος ὁρῶσιν---, ἐνταῦθα εἰκόνες Ἀδριανοῦ δύο μέν εἰσι Θασίου λίθου, δύο δὲ Αἰγυπτίου· χαλκαῖ δὲ ἑστᾶσι πρὸ τῶν κιόνων ἃς Ἀθηναῖοι καλοῦσιν ἀποίκους πόλεις. Before entering the sanctuary of Olympian Zeus—it was Hadrian, emperor of the Romans, who dedicated the temple and the statue worthy of viewing, and in its size, apart from the colossi of the Rhodians and Romans, it surpasses all other statues; it is crafted from ivory and gold, and the skill demonstrated in its creation is worthy of admiration for such a scale—before this sanctuary stand four statues of Hadrian, two made of Thasian stone, two of Egyptian marble; and bronze figures, called "colonies" by the Athenians, stand in front of the columns. Describes Hadrian’s dedication of the temple and statues, a post-500 BC historical monument and its landscape setting.
1.18.6 2 historical high ὁ μὲν δὴ πᾶς περίβολος σταδίων μάλιστα τεσσάρων ἐστίν, ἀνδριάντων δὲ πλήρης· ἀπὸ γὰρ πόλεως ἑκάστης εἰκὼν Ἀδριανοῦ βασιλέως ἀνάκειται, καὶ σφᾶς ὑπερεβάλοντο Ἀθηναῖοι τὸν κολοσσὸν ἀναθέντες ὄπισθε τοῦ ναοῦ θέας ἄξιον. The entire enclosure measures approximately four stades in circumference and is full of statues, for every city has dedicated a likeness of the emperor Hadrian, and the Athenians themselves surpassed them in erecting the colossal statue behind the temple, one worthy indeed of being seen. Describes dedications to Hadrian and the Athenians' statue, which are imperial-historical monuments.
1.18.7 1 mythic high ἔστι δὲ ἀρχαῖα ἐν τῷ περιβόλῳ Ζεὺς χαλκοῦς καὶ ναὸς Κρόνου καὶ Ῥέας καὶ τέμενος Γῆς τὴν ἐπίκλησιν Ὀλυμπίας. Within the enclosure there is an ancient bronze statue of Zeus, as well as a temple dedicated to Cronus and Rhea, and a precinct sacred to Earth, surnamed Olympias. Temple and precinct of Cronus, Rhea, and Earth reflect mythic/divine associations in the sanctuary landscape.
1.18.7 2 mythic high ἐνταῦθα ὅσον ἐς πῆχυν τὸ ἔδαφος διέστηκε, καὶ λέγουσι μετὰ τὴν ἐπομβρίαν τὴν ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνος συμβᾶσαν ὑπορρυῆναι ταύτῃ τὸ ὕδωρ, ἐσβάλλουσί τε ἐς αὐτὸ ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος ἄλφιτα πυρῶν μέλιτι μίξαντες. Here, the ground is split apart for about a cubit, and they say that after the deluge in the time of Deucalion the water drained away through this fissure. References the deluge in Deucalion’s time and its effect on the fissure.
1.18.8 1 historical high κεῖται δὲ ἐπὶ κίονος Ἰσοκράτους ἀνδριάς, ὃς ἐς μνήμην τρία ὑπελίπετο, ἐπιπονώτατον μὲν ὅτι οἱ βιώσαντι ἔτη δυοῖν δέοντα ἑκατὸν οὔποτε κατελύθη μαθητὰς ἔχειν, σωφρονέστατον δὲ ὅτι πολιτείας ἀπεχόμενος διέμεινε καὶ τὰ κοινὰ οὐ πολυπραγμονῶν, ἐλευθερώτατον δὲ ὅτι πρὸς τὴν ἀγγελίαν τῆς ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μάχης ἀλγήσας ἐτελεύτησεν ἐθελοντής. On a column stands the statue of Isocrates, who left behind him three notable memorials: the most painstaking, that he continued to have pupils without interruption until nearly one hundred years old; the most prudent, that he steadfastly refrained from politics and avoided meddling in public affairs; yet the noblest of all, that when he received news of the defeat at Chaeroneia, he grieved and voluntarily ended his life. Mentions Isocrates and the Battle of Chaeroneia, a historical event and its aftermath.
1.18.8 2 other high κεῖνται δὲ καὶ λίθου Φρυγίου Πέρσαι χαλκοῦν τρίποδα ἀνέχοντες, θέας ἄξιοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ τρίπους. Nearby stand Persians carved of Phrygian marble, holding aloft a bronze tripod—both they and the tripod itself are worthy of observation. Purely descriptive of a monument and its materials; no mythic or historical event is involved.
1.18.8 3 mythic high τοῦ δὲ Ὀλυμπίου Διὸς Δευκαλίωνα οἰκοδομῆσαι λέγουσι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἱερόν, σημεῖον ἀποφαίνοντες ὡς Δευκαλίων Ἀθήνῃσιν ᾤκησε τάφον τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ νῦν οὐ πολὺ ἀφεστηκότα. As for the temple of Olympian Zeus, they say that the original sanctuary was founded by Deucalion, citing as evidence the fact that Deucalion lived in Athens and pointing out his grave not far from the present temple. Deucalion is a mythic figure, and the sentence explains the temple’s origin through his supposed foundation and grave.
1.18.9 1 historical high Ἀδριανὸς δὲ κατεσκευάσατο μὲν καὶ ἄλλα Ἀθηναίοις, ναὸν Ἥρας καὶ Διὸς Πανελληνίου καὶ θεοῖς τοῖς πᾶσιν ἱερὸν κοινόν, Hadrian constructed also other buildings for the Athenians, including a temple of Hera and Zeus Panhellenios; and a common sanctuary for all the gods. Describes Hadrian’s construction work in Athens, a post-500 BC historical event affecting the landscape.
1.18.9 2 other high τὰ δὲ ἐπιφανέστατα ἑκατόν εἰσι κίονες Φρυγίου λίθου· πεποίηνται δὲ καὶ ταῖς στοαῖς κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ οἱ τοίχοι. The most remarkable features of it are the hundred columns of Phrygian marble, and the walls of the porticoes built of the same material. Purely architectural description of columns and walls; no mythic or historical event.
1.18.9 3 other high καὶ οἰκήματα ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ὀρόφῳ τε ἐπιχρύσῳ καὶ ἀλαβάστρῳ λίθῳ, πρὸς δὲ ἀγάλμασι κεκοσμημένα καὶ γραφαῖς· κατάκειται δὲ ἐς αὐτὰ βιβλία. There are rooms there whose ceilings are adorned with gilt and alabaster, decorated further with statues and paintings, and furnished with books. Purely descriptive interior details of rooms, decorations, and books; no mythic or historical event.
1.18.9 4 historical high καὶ γυμνάσιόν ἐστιν ἐπώνυμον Ἀδριανοῦ· κίονες δὲ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἑκατὸν λιθοτομίας τῆς Λιβύων. There is also a gymnasium named after Hadrian, which likewise has a hundred columns from quarries in Libya. Named for Hadrian and describing a Roman-period building with materials, so it is historical rather than mythic or purely geographical.