Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 1.25

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
1.25.1 1 other high τοιαῦτα μὲν αὐτοῖς συμβαίνοντα εἶδον· Such, then, were the things I saw happening to them. A retrospective statement about what the speaker saw happen; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event is specified.
1.25.1 2 historical high ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἀθηναίων ἀκροπόλει καὶ Περικλῆς ὁ Ξανθίππου καὶ αὐτὸς Ξάνθιππος, ὃς ἐναυμάχησεν ἐπὶ Μυκάλῃ Μήδοις. On the Acropolis of the Athenians there stand statues both of Pericles, son of Xanthippus, and of the elder Xanthippus himself, who fought in the sea-battle against the Persians off Mycale. Refers to Pericles, Xanthippus, and the Battle of Mycale, all historical figures/events after 500 BC.
1.25.1 3 other high ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν Περικλέους ἀνδριὰς ἑτέρωθι ἀνάκειται, τοῦ δὲ Ξανθίππου πλησίον ἕστηκεν Ἀνακρέων ὁ Τήιος, πρῶτος μετὰ Σαπφὼ τὴν Λεσβίαν τὰ πολλὰ ὧν ἔγραψεν ἐρωτικὰ ποιήσας· The statue of Pericles, however, is set up separately at a different spot, but near Xanthippus stands Anacreon of Teos, who was, next after the Lesbian poetess Sappho, the first to compose mostly poems on love. Describes the placement of statues and gives an antiquarian note about Anacreon, without mythic or post-500 BC historical event content.
1.25.1 4 other high καί οἱ τὸ σχῆμά ἐστιν οἷον ᾄδοντος ἂν ἐν μέθῃ γένοιτο ἀνθρώπου. His image is posed in such a way as to suggest a man singing in a state of drunkenness. Describes the pose of a statue/image; purely descriptive and not mythic or historical.
1.25.1 5 mythic high γυναῖκας δὲ πλησίον Δεινομένης Ἰὼ τὴν Ἰνάχου καὶ Καλλιστὼ τὴν Λυκάονος πεποίηκεν, αἷς ἀμφοτέραις ἐστὶν ἐς ἅπαν ὅμοια διηγήματα ἔρως Διὸς καὶ Ἥρας ὀργὴ καὶ ἀλλαγὴ τῇ μὲν ἐς βοῦν, Καλλιστοῖ δὲ ἐς ἄρκτον. Beside these figures are statues of women made by Deinomenes: Io, daughter of Inachus, and Callisto, daughter of Lycaon; these two have altogether similar stories, love from Zeus, wrath from Hera, and transformation—the one into a cow, Callisto into a bear. Io and Callisto are mythic figures, and the sentence recounts their transformations caused by Zeus and Hera.
1.25.2 1 historical high πρὸς δὲ τῷ τείχει τῷ Νοτίῳ γιγάντων, οἳ περὶ Θρᾴκην ποτὲ καὶ τὸν ἰσθμὸν τῆς Παλλήνης ᾤκησαν, τούτων τὸν λεγόμενον πόλεμον καὶ μάχην πρὸς Ἀμαζόνας Ἀθηναίων καὶ τὸ Μαραθῶνι πρὸς Μήδους ἔργον καὶ Γαλατῶν τὴν ἐν Μυσίᾳ φθορὰν ἀνέθηκεν Ἄτταλος, ὅσον τε δύο πηχῶν ἕκαστον. Near the southern wall, Attalus dedicated statues, each approximately two cubits in height, showing the legendary war against the Giants, who once inhabited Thrace and the isthmus of Pallene, as well as the battle of the Athenians against the Amazons, their deed at Marathon against the Persians, and the rout of the Gauls in Mysia. Mentions Attalus’s dedications and the battles of Marathon and the Gauls, which are historical events after 500 BC.
1.25.2 2 historical high ἕστηκε δὲ καὶ Ὀλυμπιόδωρος, μεγέθει τε ὧν ἔπραξε λαβὼν δόξαν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῷ καιρῷ, φρόνημα ἐν ἀνθρώποις παρασχόμενος συνεχῶς ἐπταικόσι καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ οὐδὲ ἓν χρηστὸν οὐδὲ ἐς τὰ μέλλοντα ἐλπίζουσι. There also stands a statue of Olympiodorus, highly esteemed for the brilliance of his achievements and especially for his timing, since he inspired continual courage among men at a critical moment, when they had completely given way and had no hope remaining for the future. Olympiodorus is a historical figure and the sentence concerns a statue honoring his contemporary achievements.
1.25.3 1 historical high τὸ γὰρ ἀτύχημα τὸ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ ἅπασι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἦρξε κακοῦ καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα δούλους ἐποίησε τοὺς ὑπεριδόντας καὶ ὅσοι μετὰ Μακεδόνων ἐτάχθησαν. For the disaster at Chaeronea was the beginning of great trouble for all the Greeks, and especially reduced to slavery those who had shown indifference, as well as those who had sided with the Macedonians. Refers to the Battle of Chaeronea and its historical consequences for the Greeks.
1.25.3 2 historical high τὰς μὲν δὴ πολλὰς Φίλιππος τῶν πόλεων εἷλεν, Ἀθηναίοις δὲ λόγῳ συνθέμενος ἔργῳ σφᾶς μάλιστα ἐκάκωσε, νήσους τε ἀφελόμενος καὶ τῆς ἐς τὰ ναυτικὰ παύσας ἀρχῆς. Indeed, Philip captured most of the cities, and though he had made peace with the Athenians by word, he harmed them most of all in deeds, depriving them of the islands and ending their empire at sea. Refers to Philip II's capture of cities and destruction of Athenian power, a post-500 BC historical event.
1.25.3 3 historical high καὶ χρόνον μέν τινα ἡσύχασαν Ἀθηναῖοι Φιλίππου βασιλεύοντος καὶ ὕστερον Ἀλεξάνδρου· τελευτήσαντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου Μακεδόνες μὲν βασιλεύειν εἵλοντο Ἀριδαῖον, Ἀντιπάτρῳ δὲ ἐπετέτραπτο ἡ πᾶσα ἀρχή, And the Athenians remained quiet for a time during the reigns of Philip and afterwards Alexander; but when Alexander died, the Macedonians chose Arrhidaeus as king, and all authority was entrusted to Antipater. Refers to Philip, Alexander, Arrhidaeus, and Antipater, all within the historical Macedonian period after 500 BC.
1.25.3 4 historical high καὶ Ἀθηναίοις οὐκέτι ἀνεκτὰ ἐφαίνετο εἰ τὸν πάντα χρόνον ἔσται ἐπὶ Μακεδόσι τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, At this point, it no longer seemed tolerable to the Athenians that Greece should forever remain subject to the Macedonians. Refers to the Macedonian domination of Greece, a post-500 BC historical situation.
1.25.3 5 historical medium ἀλλʼ αὐτοί τε πολεμεῖν ὥρμηντο καὶ ἄλλους ἐς τὸ ἔργον ἤγειρον. Thus, they themselves were eager for war, and stirred others to join them in this enterprise. Describes human eagerness for war and mobilization, a historical/political action rather than myth or geography.
1.25.4 1 historical high ἐγένοντο δὲ αἱ μετασχοῦσαι πόλεις Πελοποννησίων μὲν Ἄργος Ἐπίδαυρος Σικυὼν Τροιζὴν Ἠλεῖοι Φλιάσιοι Μεσσήνη, οἱ δὲ ἔξω τοῦ Κορινθίων ἰσθμοῦ Λοκροὶ Φωκεῖς Θεσσαλοὶ Κάρυστος Ἀκαρνᾶνες ἐς τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν συντελοῦντες· The cities that participated were, from the Peloponnese, Argos, Epidaurus, Sicyon, Troezen, Elis, Phlius, and Messene. Lists participating cities in a historical coalition; no mythic content.
1.25.4 2 historical high Βοιωτοὶ δὲ Θηβαίων ἠρημωμένην τὴν γῆν τὴν Θηβαΐδα νεμόμενοι δέει μὴ Θήβας αὖθις Ἀθηναῖοί σφισιν ἐποικίζωσιν οὔτε ἐς τὴν συμμαχίαν ἐτάσσοντο καὶ ἐς ὅσον ἧκον δυνάμεως τὰ Μακεδόνων ηὖξον. Of those outside the Isthmus of Corinth, there were the Locrians, Phokians, Thessalians, Carystus and the Acarnanians who were joined with the Aetolian league. Refers to Boeotians after Thebes' destruction and their alignment with Macedonian power, a post-classical historical situation.
1.25.5 1 historical high τοὺς δὲ ἐς τὸ συμμαχικὸν ταχθέντας κατὰ πόλεις τε ἑκάστους ἦγον στρατηγοὶ καὶ τοῦ παντὸς ἄρχειν ᾕρητο Ἀθηναῖος Λεωσθένης πόλεώς τε ἀξιώματι καὶ αὐτὸς εἶναι δοκῶν πολέμων ἔμπειρος. The allies, arranged city by city, were led each by their own generals, and the Athenians had chosen Leosthenes to be commander-in-chief over all, both because of the prestige of his city and because he himself was considered experienced in war. Refers to Leosthenes and an Athenian command arrangement, a post-500 BC historical military context.
1.25.5 2 historical high ὑπῆρχε δέ οἱ καὶ πρὸς πάντας εὐεργεσία τοὺς Ἕλληνας· ὁπόσοι γὰρ μισθοῦ παρὰ Δαρείῳ καὶ σατράπαις ἐστρατεύοντο Ἕλληνες, ἀνοικίσαι σφᾶς ἐς τὴν Περσίδα θελήσαντος Ἀλεξάνδρου Λεωσθένης ἔφθη κομίσας ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην. Moreover, he had done a great service to all the Greeks: for when Alexander intended to settle in Persia the many Greeks who had served as mercenaries for Darius and the Persian satraps, Leosthenes preemptively brought them back to Europe by ship. Refers to Alexander and Leosthenes, a post-500 BC historical episode affecting Greeks in the Persian context.
1.25.5 3 historical high καὶ δὴ καὶ τότε ὧν ἐς αὐτὸν ἤλπισαν τὰ ἔργα λαμπρότερα ἐπιδειξάμενος παρέσχεν ἀποθανὼν ἀθυμῆσαι πᾶσι καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ οὐχ ἥκιστα σφαλῆναι· At this very time also, after displaying brilliant achievements from which the Greeks had anticipated yet greater deeds, he died, causing universal despondency, and this loss contributed greatly toward their ultimate failure. Refers to the death of a Greek leader and its effect on Greek fortunes, a post-500 BC historical event.
1.25.5 4 historical high φρουρά τε Μακεδόνων ἐσῆλθεν Ἀθηναίοις, οἳ Μουνυχίαν, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ Πειραιᾶ καὶ τείχη μακρὰ ἔσχον. Consequently, a Macedonian garrison entered Athens, occupying Munychia, and afterwards also the Piraeus and the Long Walls. Describes a Macedonian garrison occupying Athens' strongpoints, a post-classical historical event.
1.25.6 1 historical high Ἀντιπάτρου δὲ ἀποθανόντος Ὀλυμπιὰς διαβᾶσα ἐξ Ἠπείρου χρόνον μέν τινα ἦρξεν ἀποκτείνασα Ἀριδαῖον, οὐ πολλῷ δὲ ὕστερον ἐκπολιορκηθεῖσα ὑπὸ Κασσάνδρου παρεδόθη τῷ πλήθει. Upon the death of Antipater, Olympias crossed over from Epirus, and for a time she held power, having killed Aridaeus; but soon afterward, being besieged closely by Cassander, she surrendered herself to the people. Refers to Olympias, Antipater, Aridaeus, and Cassander in the aftermath of Alexander’s successors, a post-500 BC historical event.
1.25.6 2 historical high Κάσσανδρος δὲ βασιλεύσας---τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἀθηναίους ἐπέξεισί μοι μόνα ὁ λόγος---Πάνακτον τεῖχος ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ καὶ Σαλαμῖνα εἷλε τύραννόν τε Ἀθηναίοις ἔπραξε γενέσθαι Δημήτριον τὸν Φανοστράτου, τὰ πρὸς δόξαν εἰληφότα ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ. Cassander, having established himself as king—though my account will mention only those events concerning the Athenians—captured the fortification of Panactum in Attica and the island of Salamis, and arranged that the Athenians be ruled by a tyrant, Demetrius, the son of Phanostratus, who had already attained a reputation for wisdom. Describes Cassander's actions in Athens, a post-Classical historical event.
1.25.6 3 historical high τοῦτον μὲν δὴ τυραννίδος ἔπαυσε Δημήτριος ὁ Ἀντιγόνου, νέος τε ὢν καὶ φιλοτίμως πρὸς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν διακείμενος· This man was removed from the tyranny by Demetrius, son of Antigonus, who was then youthful and well-disposed toward the Greeks through his ambition. Refers to Demetrius son of Antigonus and removal of a tyranny, a post-500 BC historical event.
1.25.7 1 historical high Κάσσανδρος δὲ---δεινὸν γάρ τι ὑπῆν οἱ μῖσος ἐς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους---, ὁ δὲ αὖθις Λαχάρην προεστηκότα ἐς ἐκεῖνο τοῦ δήμου, τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα οἰκειωσάμενος τυραννίδα ἔπεισε βουλεῦσαι, τυράννων ὧν ἴσμεν τά τε ἐς ἀνθρώπους μάλιστα ἀνήμερον καὶ ἐς τὸ θεῖον ἀφειδέστατον. Cassander—for he harbored a fierce hatred toward the Athenians—on seeing Lachares again taking a prominent position in leadership among the people, befriended this man and persuaded him to assume tyranny, a tyranny that, among those known to us, proved exceptionally brutal toward men and most irreverent toward the divine. Refers to Cassander and Lachares, figures of the late 4th century BC, and their political actions.
1.25.7 2 historical high Δημητρίῳ δὲ τῷ Ἀντιγόνου διαφορὰ μὲν ἦν ἐς τὸν δῆμον ἤδη τῶν Ἀθηναίων, καθεῖλε δὲ ὅμως καὶ τὴν Λαχάρους τυραννίδα· Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, also had quarrels with the democracy of Athens by this time; nevertheless, he was responsible for overthrowing the tyranny of Lachares. Refers to Demetrius, Lachares, and Athenian politics in the historical period, not myth.
1.25.7 3 historical high ἁλισκομένου δὲ τοῦ τείχους ἐκδιδράσκει Λαχάρης ἐς Βοιωτούς, ἅτε δὲ ἀσπίδας ἐξ ἀκροπόλεως καθελὼν χρυσᾶς καὶ αὐτὸ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα τὸν περιαιρετὸν ἀποδύσας κόσμον ὑπωπτεύετο εὐπορεῖν μεγάλως χρημάτων. As the city walls were being captured, Lachares escaped and fled to the Boeotians. Describes Lachares fleeing during the capture of the walls, a historical event after 500 BC.
1.25.8 1 historical high Λαχάρην μὲν οὖν τούτων ἕνεκα κτείνουσιν ἄνδρες Κορωναῖοι· For these reasons, Lachares was killed by men from Coronea. Refers to the death of Lachares, a post-mythic historical person/event.
1.25.8 2 historical high Δημήτριος δὲ ὁ Ἀντιγόνου τυράννων ἐλευθερώσας Ἀθηναίους τό τε παραυτίκα μετὰ τὴν Λαχάρους φυγὴν οὐκ ἀπέδωκέ σφισι τὸν Πειραιᾶ καὶ ὕστερον πολέμῳ κρατήσας ἐσήγαγεν ἐς αὐτὸ φρουρὰν τὸ ἄστυ, τὸ Μουσεῖον καλούμενον τειχίσας. Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, after liberating the Athenians from tyranny, did not immediately restore to them the Piraeus following the flight of Lachares; later, after prevailing in war, he introduced a garrison into the city itself, fortifying the place called the Museum. Describes Demetrius’ actions in Athenian history after the age of myth, including war, garrisoning, and fortification.
1.25.8 3 mythic high ἔστι δὲ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου τοῦ ἀρχαίου τὸ Μουσεῖον ἀπαντικρὺ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως λόφος, ἔνθα Μουσαῖον ᾄδειν καὶ ἀποθανόντα γήρᾳ ταφῆναι λέγουσιν· Within the ancient enclosure, opposite the Acropolis, there is a hill called the Museum, where they say Musaeus used to sing and, when he died of old age, was buried. Musaeus is a legendary poet, and the sentence reports a mythic association of the hill with his singing and burial.
1.25.8 4 historical low ὕστερον δὲ καὶ μνῆμα αὐτόθι ἀνδρὶ ᾠκοδομήθη Σύρῳ. Later, a memorial was also erected there to a certain Syrian. A memorial erected later marks a post-classical historical commemoration rather than mythic material.
1.25.8 5 historical high τότε δὲ Δημήτριος τειχίσας εἶχε· At that time, Demetrius fortified it and held it. Mentions Demetrius fortifying and holding a place, which is a post-classical historical event affecting the landscape.