Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 1.43

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
1.43.1 1 mythic high λέγουσι δὲ εἶναι καὶ Ἰφιγενείας ἡρῷον· ἀποθανεῖν γὰρ καὶ ταύτην ἐν Μεγάροις. They say there is also a hero shrine of Iphigenia, since according to them she died in Megara. Iphigenia is a mythic figure, and the sentence explains the hero shrine through her legendary death in Megara.
1.43.1 2 mythic high ἐγὼ δὲ ἤκουσα μὲν καὶ ἄλλον ἐς Ἰφιγένειαν λόγον ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων λεγόμενον, οἶδα δὲ Ἡσίοδον ποιήσαντα ἐν καταλόγῳ γυναικῶν Ἰφιγένειαν οὐκ ἀποθανεῖν, γνώμῃ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος Ἑκάτην εἶναι· τούτοις δὲ Ἡρόδοτος ὁμολογοῦντα ἔγραψε Ταύρους τοὺς πρὸς τῇ Σκυθικῇ θύειν παρθένῳ τοὺς ναυαγούς, φάναι δὲ αὐτοὺς τὴν παρθένον Ἰφιγένειαν εἶναι τὴν Ἀγαμέμνονος. Yet I have heard from the Arcadians another account concerning Iphigenia; moreover, I know that Hesiod, in his Catalogue of Women, asserted that Iphigenia did not die, but by the will of Artemis became Hecate; Herodotus, agreeing with this tradition, reported that the Taurians near Scythia sacrificed shipwrecked mariners to a maiden, whom they themselves identified as Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon. Discusses Iphigenia, Artemis, Hecate, and Taurian sacrifice as legendary/mythic tradition.
1.43.1 3 mythic high ἔχει δὲ παρὰ Μεγαρεῦσι καὶ Ἄδραστος τιμάς· φασὶ δὲ ἀποθανεῖν παρὰ σφίσι καὶ τοῦτον, ὅτε ἑλὼν Θήβας ἀπῆγεν ὀπίσω τὸν στρατόν, αἴτια δέ οἱ τοῦ θανάτου γῆρας καὶ τὴν Αἰγιαλέως γενέσθαι τελευτήν. Among the Megarians, Adrastus also receives honors; for they say that he too died among them, while he was leading back his army after having taken Thebes; the reasons for his death were given as old age and the news of the demise of his son Aigialeus. Adrastus is a heroic/mythic figure, and the sentence concerns his reputed death after the Theban expedition.
1.43.1 4 mythic high καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερὸν ὁ Ἀγαμέμνων ἐποίησεν, ἡνίκα ἦλθε Κάλχαντα οἰκοῦντα ἐν Μεγάροις ἐς Ἴλιον ἕπεσθαι πείσων. Furthermore, Agamemnon dedicated a sanctuary to Artemis, when he came to Megara with the purpose of persuading Calchas, who was then living there, to accompany him to Ilium. Agamemnon, Calchas, and the campaign to Ilium are heroic mythic material.
1.43.2 1 mythic high ἐν δὲ τῷ πρυτανείῳ τεθάφθαι μὲν Εὔιππον Μεγαρέως παῖδα, τεθάφθαι δὲ τὸν Ἀλκάθου λέγουσιν Ἰσχέπολιν. They say that in the Prytaneion Eupippos son of Megareus is buried, and also Ischepolis, the son of Alcathous, is buried there. Burials of named heroic/legendary figures in the Prytaneion belong to mythic tradition and its landscape associations.
1.43.2 2 mythic high ἔστι δὲ τοῦ πρυτανείου πέτρα πλησίον· Ἀνακληθρίδα τὴν πέτραν ὀνομάζουσιν, ὡς Δημήτηρ, εἴ τῳ πιστά, ὅτε τὴν παῖδα ἐπλανᾶτο ζητοῦσα, καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀνεκάλεσεν αὐτήν. Near the Prytaneion there is a rock called Anaclethris ("Recall-rock"), because, if the story is trustworthy, Demeter here called back her daughter when she wandered, searching for her. Explains a landscape feature as named from Demeter's mythic search for Persephone.
1.43.2 3 mythic medium ἐοικότα δὲ τῷ λόγῳ δρῶσιν ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι αἱ Μεγαρέων γυναῖκες. Even to our time, the women of Megara perform rites appropriate to this tradition. Women performing rites tied to a traditional story reflects the continuing impact of a mythic tradition on local practice.
1.43.3 1 historical high εἰσὶ δὲ τάφοι Μεγαρεῦσιν ἐν τῇ πόλει· καὶ τὸν μὲν τοῖς ἀποθανοῦσιν ἐποίησαν κατὰ τὴν ἐπιστρατείαν τοῦ Μήδου, τὸ δὲ Αἰσύμνιον καλούμενον μνῆμα ἦν καὶ τοῦτο ἡρώων. In the city of the Megarians there are tombs: one they built for those who died in the campaign against the Medes, and another monument called the Aisymnion, which also is a memorial for heroes. Refers to a tomb for those who died in the campaign against the Medes, a post-500 BC historical event and its memorial.
1.43.3 2 historical medium Ὑπερίονος δὲ τοῦ Ἀγαμέμνονος--- οὗτος γὰρ Μεγαρέων ἐβασίλευσεν ὕστατος---τούτου τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀποθανόντος ὑπὸ Σανδίονος διὰ πλεονεξίαν καὶ ὕβριν, βασιλεύεσθαι μὲν οὐκέτι ὑπὸ ἑνὸς ἐδόκει σφίσιν, εἶναι δὲ ἄρχοντας αἱρετοὺς καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος ἀκούειν ἀλλήλων. Hyperion, the son of Agamemnon—for he was the last king of the Megarians—after this man's death at the hands of Sandion due to greed and hubris, they decided no longer to have a single ruler, but instead to choose magistrates and to obey one another by turns. Describes the end of kingship and adoption of magistrates in Megara, a political/historical change rather than mythic narrative.
1.43.3 3 historical low ἐνταῦθα Αἴσυμνος οὐδενὸς τὰ ἐς δόξαν Μεγαρέων δεύτερος παρὰ τὸν θεὸν ἦλθεν ἐς Δελφούς, ἐλθὼν δὲ ἠρώτα τρόπον τίνα εὐδαιμονήσουσι· Then Aisymnos, second to none in reputation among the Megarians, went after the god to Delphi and asked by what means they might prosper. Refers to a named Megarian seeking advice at Delphi; this is not mythic landscape material, but a quasi-historical or antiquarian report.
1.43.3 4 other high καί οἱ καὶ ἄλλα ὁ θεὸς ἔχρησε καὶ Μεγαρέας εὖ πράξειν, ἢν μετὰ τῶν πλειόνων βουλεύσωνται. The god delivered to him other oracles as well, including that the Megarians would fare well if they took counsel together with the majority. Reports an oracle and civic advice, not a mythic episode or post-500 BC historical event.
1.43.3 5 mythic high τοῦτο τὸ ἔπος ἐς τοὺς τεθνεῶτας ἔχειν νομίζοντες βουλευτήριον ἐνταῦθα ᾠκοδόμησαν, ἵνα σφίσιν ὁ τάφος τῶν ἡρώων ἐντὸς τοῦ βουλευτηρίου γένηται. Regarding this pronouncement as applying even to the dead, they built there a council-house, so that the tomb of the heroes might be within the council-house itself. The council-house is built around the heroes’ tomb, reflecting the impact of heroic/mythic figures on the landscape.
1.43.4 1 other high ἐντεῦθεν πρὸς τὸ Ἀλκάθου βαδίζουσιν ἡρῷον, ᾧ Μεγαρεῖς ἐς γραμμάτων φυλακὴν ἐχρῶντο ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ, μνῆμα ἔλεγον τὸ μὲν Πυργοῦς εἶναι γυναικὸς Ἀλκάθου πρὶν ἢ τὴν Μεγαρέως αὐτὸν λαβεῖν Εὐαίχμην, τὸ δὲ Ἰφινόης Ἀλκάθου θυγατρός· From here, as one goes toward the sanctuary of Alcathous is a hero-shrine, which the Megarians used as a record-house during my time. Route description identifying a hero-shrine and its later use as a record-house; no mythic event or historical event is narrated.
1.43.4 2 mythic high ἀποθανεῖν δὲ αὐτήν φασιν ἔτι παρθένον. They said it was a tomb, partly for Pyrgo, Alcathous' wife before he married Euaechme, the daughter of Megareus, and partly for his daughter Iphinoe, who, they say, died while still a maiden. A death while still a maiden belongs to the mythic narrative of Iphinoe and the tomb's legendary associations.
1.43.4 3 mythic high καθέστηκε δὲ ταῖς κόραις χοὰς πρὸς τὸ τῆς Ἰφινόης μνῆμα προσφέρειν πρὸ γάμου καὶ ἀπάρχεσθαι τῶν τριχῶν, καθὰ καὶ τῇ Ἑκαέργῃ καὶ Ὤπιδι αἱ θυγατέρες ποτὲ ἀπεκείροντο αἱ Δηλίων. It is customary for young girls to pour libations at the tomb of Iphinoe before their wedding and to offer their hair as an initial dedication, just as the girls of Delos once cut their locks in honor of Hekaerge and Opis. Refers to cult practice at the tomb of Iphinoe and to Delian maidens honoring Hekaerge and Opis, both tied to mythic figures and commemorative ritual.
1.43.5 1 mythic high παρὰ δὲ τὴν ἔσοδον τὴν ἐς τὸ Διονύσιον τάφος ἐστὶν Ἀστυκρατείας καὶ Μαντοῦς· Beside the entrance to the sanctuary of Dionysus there is the tomb of Astycrateia and of Manto. The tomb of Manto is tied to a mythic figure, so this is mythic landscape description.
1.43.5 2 mythic high θυγατέρες δὲ ἦσαν Πολυίδου τοῦ Κοιράνου τοῦ Ἄβαντος τοῦ Μελάμποδος ἐς Μέγαρα δʼ ἐλθόντος Ἀλκάθουν ἐπὶ τῷ φόνῳ τῷ Καλλιπόλιδος καθῆραι τοῦ παιδός. They were daughters of Polyidus, son of Coeranus, son of Abas, son of Melampus, who came to Megara to purify Alcathous from the killing of his son Callipolis. Refers to the mythic genealogy of Polyidus and the purification of Alcathous after the killing of Callipolis.
1.43.5 3 historical medium ᾠκοδόμησε δὴ καὶ τῷ Διονύσῳ τὸ ἱερὸν Πολύιδος καὶ ξόανον ἀνέθηκεν ἀποκεκρυμμένον ἐφʼ ἡμῶν πλὴν τοῦ προσώπου· It was Polyidus who built the sanctuary for Dionysus and dedicated the wooden image, which in my time remains concealed except for the face. Describes a sanctuary and cult image associated with a named dedicator; the surviving state is a later historical observation.
1.43.5 4 other high τοῦτο δέ ἐστι τὸ φανερόν. This portion alone being visible. Purely descriptive statement about what is visible; no mythic or historical event.
1.43.5 5 other high Σάτυρος δὲ παρέστηκεν αὐτῷ Πραξιτέλους ἔργον Παρίου λίθου. Standing next to this god is a satyr of Parian marble, a work of Praxiteles. Descriptive identification of a statue by Praxiteles; no event, mythic or historical.
1.43.5 6 other high τοῦτον μὲν δὴ Πατρῷον καλοῦσιν· This statue they call Patroos ("Ancestral"). Purely descriptive naming of a statue; no mythic or historical event is being narrated.
1.43.5 7 mythic high ἕτερον δὲ Διόνυσον Δασύλλιον ἐπονομάζοντες Εὐχήνορα τὸν Κοιράνου τοῦ Πολυίδου τὸ ἄγαλμα ἀναθεῖναι λέγουσι. While another Dionysus they name Dasyllius, saying it was dedicated by Euchenor, son of Coeranus, son of Polyidus. Mentions Dionysus and a dedicator from heroic genealogy, so this is mythic antiquarian material.
1.43.6 1 other high μετὰ δὲ τοῦ Διονύσου τὸ ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης ναός. Next to the sanctuary of Dionysus is a temple of Aphrodite. Purely topographical description of a temple’s location next to another sanctuary.
1.43.6 2 other high ἄγαλμα δὲ ἐλέφαντος Ἀφροδίτη πεποιημένον Πρᾶξις ἐπίκλησιν. Inside is a statue of Aphrodite made of ivory, named Praxis. Describes a cult statue inside a sanctuary; this is descriptive/antiquarian rather than a mythic event or a historical event.
1.43.6 3 other high τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀρχαιότατον ἐν τῷ ναῷ· This is the most ancient artifact within the temple. Purely descriptive identification of an ancient object in the temple; no mythic or historical event.
1.43.6 4 other high Πειθὼ δὲ καὶ ἑτέρα θεός, ἣν Παρήγορον ὀνομάζουσιν, ἔργα Πραξιτέλους· Statues representing Persuasion and another goddess whom they call Comforter are works by Praxiteles. Describes statues and their sculptor, a descriptive antiquarian note rather than a mythic or historical event.
1.43.6 5 other high Σκόπα δὲ Ἔρως καὶ Ἵμερος καὶ Πόθος, εἰ δὴ διάφορά ἐστι κατὰ ταὐτὸ τοῖς ὀνόμασι καὶ τὰ ἔργα σφίσι. Eros, Himeros ("Desire"), and Pothos ("Yearning") were sculpted by Scopas, if indeed there is a difference between these deities according to their several names and statues. A descriptive note about statues of deities and their sculptor; no event narrative or historical action.
1.43.6 6 other high πλησίον δὲ τοῦ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης ναοῦ Τύχης ἐστὶν ἱερόν, Πραξιτέλους καὶ αὕτη τέχνη· Near Aphrodite’s temple stands a sanctuary dedicated to Tyche, and this image too is a work of Praxiteles. Describes the location of a sanctuary and its statue by Praxiteles; this is geographical/antiquarian, not mythic or historical event.
1.43.6 7 other high καὶ ἐν τῷ ναῷ τῷ πλησίον Μούσας καὶ χαλκοῦν Δία ἐποίησε Λύσιππος. Lysippus created the bronze statue of Zeus together with the Muses housed within the adjacent temple. Describes a temple dedication and statue placement, an antiquarian/architectural detail rather than mythic or historical narrative.
1.43.7 1 mythic medium ἔστι δὲ Μεγαρεῦσι καὶ Κοροίβου τάφος· The Megarians also possess the tomb of Coroebus; Coroebus is a heroic figure, and the sentence identifies his tomb as a landmark tied to mythic tradition.
1.43.7 2 mythic medium τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὸν ἔπη κοινὰ ὅμως ὄντα τοῖς Ἀργείων ἐνταῦθα δηλώσω. nevertheless, I shall here relate the tale associated with him, though it concerns equally the Argives. Refers to a tale associated with a figure, not a route or description; likely mythic narrative material.
1.43.7 3 mythic high ἐπὶ Κροτώπου λέγουσιν ἐν Ἄργει βασιλεύοντος Ψαμάθην τὴν Κροτώπου τεκεῖν παῖδα ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος, It is related that during the reign of Crotopus in Argos, Psamathe, the daughter of King Crotopus, bore a child to Apollo. The sentence reports a mythic genealogy: Psamathe bearing Apollo's child during Crotopus' reign.
1.43.7 4 mythic high ἐχομένην δὲ ἰσχυρῶς τοῦ πατρὸς δείματι τὸν παῖδα ἐκθεῖναι· Through great fear of her father she exposed the infant. Describes a mythic infant-exposure episode caused by fear of the father, part of a legendary family story.
1.43.7 5 mythic high καὶ τὸν μὲν διαφθείρουσιν ἐπιτυχόντες ἐκ τῆς ποίμνης κύνες τῆς Κροτώπου, The child was discovered and torn apart by Crotopus' shepherd dogs; A child torn apart by Crotopus' shepherd dogs is a mythic episode and part of a legendary narrative.
1.43.7 6 mythic high Ἀπόλλων δὲ Ἀργείοις ἐς τὴν πόλιν πέμπει Ποινήν. in retribution, Apollo sent against the Argives a vengeful spirit, named Poine ("Punishment"). Apollo sending Poine against the Argives is a mythic divine punishment event.
1.43.7 7 mythic high ταύτην τοὺς παῖδας ἀπὸ τῶν μητέρων φασὶν ἁρπάζειν, ἐς ὃ Κόροιβος ἐς χάριν Ἀργείοις φονεύει τὴν Ποινήν. They say this being seized children away from their mothers, until Coroebus, seeking to earn the Argives' gratitude, slew Poine. Describes a mythic episode: children being taken from mothers until Coroebus kills Poine.
1.43.7 8 mythic high οὐ γὰρ ἀνίει σφᾶς δεύτερα ἐπιπεσοῦσα νόσος λοιμώδης. But after he had killed her, a second disaster, a deadly plague, descended upon them and would not relent. A deadly plague following the killing is a mythic divine punishment/event.
1.43.7 9 mythic high φονεύσας δὲ Κόροιβος ἑκὼν ἦλθεν ἐς Δελφοὺς ὑφέξων δίκας τῷ θεῷ τοῦ φόνου τῆς Ποινῆς. Therefore Coroebus willingly journeyed to Delphi, intending to submit himself to the god's judgment for the slaying of Poine. Coroebus and the slaying of Poine belong to a mythic aetiological story tied to Delphi.
1.43.8 1 mythic high ἐς μὲν δὴ τὸ Ἄργος ἀναστρέφειν οὐκ εἴα Κόροιβον ἡ Πυθία, τρίποδα δὲ ἀράμενον φέρειν ἐκέλευεν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, καὶ ἔνθα ἂν ἐκπέσῃ οἱ φέροντι ὁ τρίπους, ἐνταῦθα Ἀπόλλωνος οἰκοδομῆσαι ναὸν καὶ αὐτὸν οἰκῆσαι. The Pythia did not permit Coroebus to return to Argos; instead, she ordered him to take up a tripod from the sanctuary and carry it off, instructing him to build a temple to Apollo and dwell wherever it should fall from his hands. An oracle response directing Coroebus to found Apollo's temple is a mythic foundation narrative.
1.43.8 2 mythic high καὶ ὁ τρίπους κατὰ τὸ ὄρος τὴν Γερανίαν ἀπολισθὼν ἔλαθεν αὐτοῦ ἐκπεσών· καὶ Τριποδίσκους κώμην ἐνταῦθα οἰκῆσαι. As Coroebus was carrying the tripod, it slipped unnoticed from him and fell upon Mount Gerania; there he founded the village called Tripodiscus. The tripod’s fall is tied to a legendary foundation story of Tripodiscus, a mythic etiological event affecting the landscape.
1.43.8 3 mythic high Κοροίβῳ δέ ἐστι τάφος ἐν τῇ Μεγαρέων ἀγορᾷ· γέγραπται δὲ ἐλεγεῖα τὰ ἐς Ψαμάθην καὶ τὰ ἐς αὐτὸν ἔχοντα Κόροιβον, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐπίθημά ἐστι τῷ τάφῳ Κόροιβος φονεύων τὴν Ποινήν. Coroebus has a tomb in the market-place of Megara, upon which are inscribed elegiac verses explicitly mentioning both Psamathe and Coroebus himself, along with an inscription indicating, "Coroebus, the slayer of Poine." Coroebus, Psamathe, and Poine belong to a mythic cultic tomb context.
1.43.8 4 other high ταῦτα ἀγάλματα παλαιότατα, ὁπόσα λίθου πεποιημένα ἐστὶν Ἕλλησιν, ἰδὼν οἶδα. These images are the most ancient statues of stone that I have seen among the Greeks. A descriptive antiquarian remark about ancient statues, not a mythic or historical event.