Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 1.44

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
1.44.1 1 historical medium Κοροίβου δὲ τέθαπται πλησίον Ὄρσιππος. Next to the tomb of Coroebus is buried Orsippus. Burial location of a named person; this is an antiquarian/topographical note about a later figure, not a mythic event.
1.44.1 2 historical medium ὃς περιεζωσμένων ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι κατὰ δὴ παλαιὸν ἔθος τῶν ἀθλητῶν Ὀλύμπια ἐνίκα στάδιον δραμὼν γυμνός. It was he who, when the athletes in competitions formerly wore loin-cloths according to ancient custom, won the Olympic victory in the foot-race while running naked. Refers to an Olympic victory and an ancient custom of athletes, which is historical/antiquarian rather than mythic.
1.44.1 3 historical medium φασὶ δὲ καὶ στρατηγοῦντα ὕστερον τὸν Ὄρσιππον ἀποτεμέσθαι χώραν τῶν προσοίκων. They say also that afterwards, while commanding as general, Orsippus annexed territory from his neighbors. Reports Orsippus' later action as a general annexing neighboring land, which is a historical deed rather than myth.
1.44.1 4 other high δοκῶ δέ οἱ καὶ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τὸ περίζωμα ἑκόντι περιρρυῆναι, γνόντι ὡς ἀνδρὸς περιεζωσμένου δραμεῖν ῥᾴων ἐστὶν ἀνὴρ γυμνὸς. I myself suppose that at Olympia he intentionally let his loin-cloth slip off, realizing that a naked man could run with much greater ease than one encumbered by clothing. Describes an athletic detail at Olympia and a practical explanation of behavior, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
1.44.2 1 other high ἐκ δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς κατιοῦσι τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς Εὐθείας καλουμένης Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερόν ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ Προστατηρίου· As you leave the marketplace via the road called Straight, there is on the right-hand side the sanctuary of Apollo Prostaterios ("the Protector"). Purely topographical and descriptive: gives route directions and locates a sanctuary.
1.44.2 2 other high τοῦτο ὀλίγον ἐκτραπέντα ἔστιν ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ ἀνευρεῖν. To find this sanctuary, you must deviate only slightly from the main road. Pure route instruction about locating a sanctuary from the road; no mythic or historical event.
1.44.2 3 other high Ἀπόλλων δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ κεῖται θέας ἄξιος καὶ Ἄρτεμις καὶ Λητὼ καὶ ἄλλα ἀγάλματά ἐστι Πραξιτέλους ποιήσαντος Λητὼ καὶ οἱ παῖδες. Within it is Apollo himself, worthy of viewing, along with Artemis and Leto, and other statues, among them Leto and her children, created by Praxiteles. Describes statues in a sanctuary and their artist; this is descriptive/antiquarian material, not a mythic event or historical event.
1.44.2 4 other high ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ τῷ ἀρχαίῳ πλησίον πυλῶν καλουμένων Νυμφάδων λίθος παρεχόμενος πυραμίδος σχῆμα οὐ μεγάλης· Nearby, in the ancient gymnasium, close to gates known as the Nymphades, there is a stone shaped like a small pyramid. Purely topographical/descriptive: it locates a stone in the ancient gymnasium and describes its shape.
1.44.2 5 other high τοῦτον Ἀπόλλωνα ὀνομάζουσι Καρινόν, καὶ Εἰλειθυιῶν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα ἱερόν. This they call Apollo Karinos; here too is a sanctuary of the Eileithyiae (Goddesses of Childbirth). A place-name and sanctuary description; no event is being narrated.
1.44.2 6 other high τοσαῦτά σφισιν ἐς ἐπίδειξιν παρείχετο ἡ πόλις· Such were the noteworthy sights that this city offered. Generic description of the city's sights offered to visitors; neither mythic nor historical event.
1.44.3 1 other high ἐς δὲ τὸ ἐπίνειον, καλούμενον καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι Νίσαιαν, ἐς τοῦτο κατελθοῦσιν ἱερὸν Δήμητρός ἐστι Μαλοφόρου· When you descend toward the harbor, which is still called Nisaea even in our time, there is the sanctuary of Demeter Malophoros ("Sheep-bearer"). A topographical notice identifying the harbor and a sanctuary; descriptive/geographical rather than mythic or historical.
1.44.3 2 other high λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ἐς τὴν ἐπίκλησιν καὶ τοὺς πρώτους πρόβατα ἐν τῇ γῇ θρέψαντας Δήμητρα ὀνομάσαι Μαλοφόρον. There are other explanations concerning this title; they say, in particular, that Demeter was called "Sheep-bearer" by those who first raised flocks of sheep on the land. An antiquarian etiology explaining a cult title from early sheep-raising, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
1.44.3 3 other high καταρρυῆναι δὲ τῷ ἱερῷ τὸν ὄροφον τεκμαίροιτο ἄν τις ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου. The roof of the sanctuary has fallen in, as one might see, from the passage of time. Describes the sanctuary roof in its present state and attributes the collapse to time, not to a mythic or historical event.
1.44.3 4 other high καὶ ἀκρόπολίς ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα ὀνομαζομένη καὶ αὐτὴ Νίσαια· There is also an acropolis here that itself is called Nisaea. Purely descriptive geography identifying an acropolis and its name.
1.44.3 5 mythic high καταβᾶσι δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως μνῆμά ἐστι πρὸς θαλάσσῃ Λέλεγος, ὃν ἀφικόμενον βασιλεῦσαι λέγουσιν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, παῖδα δὲ εἶναι Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Λιβύης τῆς Ἐπάφου. When you descend from the acropolis to the sea, there is a tomb of Lelex; it is said that Lelex came from Egypt and became king of the country, and that he was the son of Poseidon by Libya, daughter of Epaphus. Lelex’s divine parentage and legendary kingship are mythic genealogical material.
1.44.3 6 other high παρήκει δὲ παρὰ τὴν Νίσαιαν νῆσος οὐ μεγάλη Μινώα· Near Nisaea lies a small island, Minoa. Purely geographical description of an island near Nisaea; no mythic or historical event.
1.44.3 7 mythic medium ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ τῷ πρὸς Νῖσον παρώρμει τὸ ναυτικὸν τῶν Κρητῶν. During the war against Nisus, the Cretan fleet anchored there. Refers to the war against Nisus, a mythic context, and the fleet's anchoring is tied to that legendary event.
1.44.4 1 other high ἡ δὲ ὀρεινὴ τῆς Μεγαρίδος τῆς Βοιωτῶν ἐστιν ὅμορος, The mountainous region of Megaris borders on the land of the Boeotians. Purely geographical description of Megaris and its borders.
1.44.4 2 other high ἐν ᾗ Μεγαρεῦσι Παγαὶ πόλις, ἑτέρα δὲ Αἰγόσθενα ᾤκισται. In this area lies Pagae, a city belonging to the Megarians, and another city called Aigosthena. Purely geographical/descriptive: it identifies the locations of Pagae and Aigosthena.
1.44.4 3 historical high ἰοῦσι δὲ ἐς τὰς Παγὰς ἐκτραπομένοις ὀλίγον τῆς λεωφόρου πέτρα δείκνυται διὰ πάσης ἔχουσα ἐμπεπηγότας ὀιστούς, ἐς ἣν οἱ Μῆδοί ποτε ἐτόξευον ἐν τῇ νυκτί. As one travels toward Pagae, turning aside slightly from the highway, there is shown a rock entirely pierced by arrows embedded within it, where the Medes once shot their arrows during the night. Refers to the Persian (Median) attack at night, a post-500 BC historical event affecting a landmark.
1.44.4 4 other high ἐν δὲ ταῖς Παγαῖς θέας ὑπελείπετο ἄξιον Ἀρτέμιδος Σωτείρας ἐπίκλησιν χαλκοῦν ἄγαλμα, μεγέθει τῷ παρὰ Μεγαρεῦσιν ἴσον καὶ σχῆμα οὐδὲν διαφόρως ἔχον. Still preserved at Pagae is a bronze statue of Artemis surnamed Soteira ("Savior"), worthy of seeing, equal in size to the one among the Megarians and identical in form. Describes a surviving statue and its appearance/size; this is antiquarian-descriptive material, not a mythic or historical event.
1.44.4 5 mythic high καὶ Αἰγιαλέως ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ἡρῷον τοῦ Ἀδράστου· Here too is the hero-shrine of Aigialeus, the son of Adrastus. A hero-shrine (hērōion) for Aigialeus, son of Adrastus, concerns a heroic/mythic figure and a cult site linked to myth.
1.44.4 6 mythic high τοῦτον γάρ, ὅτε Ἀργεῖοι τὸ δεύτερον ἐς Θήβας ἐστράτευσαν, ὑπὸ τὴν πρώτην μάχην πρὸς Γλισᾶντι ἀποθανόντα οἱ προσήκοντες ἐς Παγὰς τῆς Μεγαρίδος κομίσαντες θάπτουσι, For when the Argives made their second expedition against Thebes, this Aigialeus was slain fighting at Glisas during the first battle; afterward, his relatives carried his body to Pagae in Megaris and buried him there. Describes a Theban-cycle heroic episode and burial of a mythic figure, with landscape impact at Pagae.
1.44.4 7 other high καὶ Αἰγιάλειον ἔτι καλεῖται τὸ ἡρῷον. The hero-shrine to this day continues to bear the name Aigialeion. A present-day name of a hero-shrine is descriptive/antiquarian, not itself a mythic event or historical event.
1.44.5 1 mythic high ἐν Αἰγοσθένοις δὲ Μελάμποδος τοῦ Ἀμυθάονός ἐστιν ἱερὸν καὶ ἀνὴρ οὐ μέγας ἐπειργασμένος ἐν στήλῃ· In Aigosthena there is a sanctuary of Melampus, son of Amythaon, and a figure, of no great size, carved upon a stele. Melampus is a mythic figure, and the sentence describes his sanctuary and image.
1.44.5 2 mythic high καὶ θύουσι τῷ Μελάμποδι καὶ ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος ἑορτὴν ἄγουσι. They offer sacrifices to Melampus and hold a festival in his honor annually. Melampus is a mythic figure, and the sacrifices/festival honor him as a cultic response to mythic tradition.
1.44.5 3 other high μαντεύεσθαι δὲ οὔτε διʼ ὀνειράτων αὐτὸν οὔτε ἄλλως λέγουσι. But they say that he does not offer oracles, neither through dreams nor in any other way. Describes a cultic practice in general terms (whether the god gives oracles), not a mythic event or historical event.
1.44.5 4 mythic high καὶ τόδε ἄλλο ἤκουσα ἐν Ἐρενείᾳ τῇ Μεγαρέων κώμῃ, Αὐτονόην τὴν Κάδμου τῷ τε Ἀκταίωνος θανάτῳ, συμβάντι ὡς λέγεται, καὶ τῇ πάσῃ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ πατρῴου τύχῃ περισσότερον ἀλγοῦσαν ἐνταῦθα ἐκ Θηβῶν μετοικῆσαι· I also heard this other account in Ereneia, a village of the Megarians: Autonoe, daughter of Cadmus, struck by a deeper grief at the death of Actaeon—as tradition relates—and by the general misfortune of her paternal household, migrated from Thebes to this place. Autonoe is a mythic figure from Cadmus’ house, and the sentence concerns her migration after Actaeon’s death and Theban family disaster.
1.44.5 5 mythic high καὶ Αὐτονόης μνῆμά ἐστιν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ταύτῃ. And there is a tomb of Autonoe in this village. The tomb of Autonoe is a landscape feature tied to a mythic figure.
1.44.6 1 historical medium ἰοῦσι δὲ ἐκ Μεγάρων ἐς Κόρινθον ἄλλοι τέ εἰσι τάφοι καὶ αὐλητοῦ Σαμίου Τηλεφάνους· ποιῆσαι δὲ τὸν τάφον Κλεοπάτραν τὴν Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου λέγουσι. On the road from Megara to Corinth, among other tombs, lies that of the Samian flute-player Telephanes; it is said that Cleopatra, daughter of Philip son of Amyntas, erected his grave. A grave marker attributed to Cleopatra, daughter of Philip, is a post-500 BC commemorative/historical notice on the road.
1.44.6 2 mythic high καὶ Καρὸς τοῦ Φορωνέως μνῆμά ἐστι, τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς χῶμα γῆς, ὕστερον δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ χρήσαντος ἐκοσμήθη λίθῳ κογχίτῃ. There is also a memorial to Car, son of Phoroneus, first built as merely an earthen mound, but afterward, in accordance with an oracle from the god, it was adorned with shell-stone. Memorial of Car, son of Phoroneus, is tied to a legendary figure and an oracle from the god, so it belongs with mythic material.
1.44.6 3 other high μόνοις δὲ Ἑλλήνων Μεγαρεῦσιν ὁ κογχίτης οὗτός ἐστι, καί σφισι καὶ ἐν τῇ πόλει πεποίηται πολλὰ ἐξ αὐτοῦ. The Megarians alone among the Greeks possess this type of shell-stone, and they have crafted many buildings in the city from it. Describes local stone and buildings in Megara; geographical/descriptive material, not mythic or historical event.
1.44.6 4 other high ἔστι δὲ ἄγαν λευκὸς καὶ ἄλλου λίθου μαλακώτερος· κόγχοι δὲ αἱ θαλάσσιαι διὰ παντὸς ἔνεισίν οἱ. The stone itself is exceptionally white and softer than other stones, containing throughout its whole composition sea-shells. Purely geological/material description of the stone's color, softness, and shell content.
1.44.6 5 other high αὐτὸς μὲν τοιοῦτός ἐστιν ὁ λίθος· Such is the nature of this stone. Purely descriptive statement about the stone's nature; no mythic or historical event.
1.44.6 6 historical high τὴν δὲ ὀνομαζομένην ἀπὸ Σκίρωνος καὶ ἐς τόδε Σκιρωνίδα Σκίρων , ἡνίκα Μεγαρεῦσιν ἐπολεμάρχει, πρῶτος ὡς λέγουσιν ἐποίησεν ἀνδράσιν ὁδεύειν εὐζώνοις· The road called Scironian, named after Sciron, was first made passable, they say, for lightly equipped travelers when Sciron commanded the Megarians in war. Refers to Sciron as a war leader of the Megarians and the road's opening in a historical/etiological setting, not a mythic event.
1.44.6 7 historical high Ἀδριανὸς δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οὕτως ὡς καὶ ἅρματα ἐναντία ἐλαύνεσθαι κατέστησεν εὐρυχωρῆ τε καὶ ἐπιτηδείαν εἶναι. Later, the emperor Hadrian improved it, widening the road sufficiently and rendering it suitable even for chariots to pass each other. Refers to Emperor Hadrian improving a road, a post-500 BC historical change to the landscape.
1.44.7 1 mythic high λόγοι δέ εἰσιν ἐς τὰς πέτρας, αἳ κατὰ τὸ στενὸν τῆς ὁδοῦ μάλιστα ἀνέχουσιν, ἐς μὲν τὴν Μολουρίδα, ὡς ἀπὸ ταύτης αὑτὴν ἐς θάλασσαν Ἰνὼ ῥίψαι Μελικέρτην ἔχουσα τῶν παίδων τὸν νεώτερον· There are traditions concerning the rocks, which especially rise upon the narrow road, regarding Molouris; it was from there, they say, that Ino, holding her younger son Melicertes, threw herself into the sea. Explains a landscape feature through the myth of Ino and Melicertes.
1.44.7 2 mythic high τὸν γὰρ δὴ πρεσβύτερον αὐτῶν Λέαρχον ἀπέκτεινεν ὁ πατήρ. For Athamas, their father, had already slain his elder child Learchus. Refers to Athamas killing Learchus, a mythic family event.
1.44.7 3 mythic high λέγεται μὲν δὴ καὶ μανέντα δρᾶσαι ταῦτα Ἀθάμαντα, λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς ἐς τὴν Ἰνὼ καὶ τοὺς ἐξ αὐτῆς παῖδας χρήσαιτο ἀκρατεῖ τῷ θυμῷ τὸν συμβάντα Ὀρχομενίοις λιμὸν καὶ τὸν δοκοῦντα Φρίξου θάνατον αἰσθόμενος, οὗ τὸ θεῖον αἴτιον οὐ γενέσθαι, βουλεῦσαι δὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις πᾶσιν Ἰνὼ μητρυιὰν οὖσαν· Some say Athamas acted thus in madness, while others relate that upon realizing that Ino, as stepmother, had plotted against Phrixus—causing the famine that befell Orchomenus and being responsible, though falsely believed, for the supposed death of Phrixus—he became uncontrollably enraged against both her and her children. Athamas, Ino, Phrixus, and the famine at Orchomenus belong to mythic narrative and its effects on the landscape.
1.44.8 1 mythic high τότε δὲ φεύγουσα ἐς θάλασσαν αὑτὴν καὶ τὸν παῖδα ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας τῆς Μολουρίδος ἀφίησιν, At that time, fleeing into the sea, she cast herself and her son from the cliff called Molouris. A mythic mother-and-child leap from a named cliff is an event from legend/myth affecting the landscape.
1.44.8 2 mythic high ἐξενεχθέντος δὲ ἐς τὸν Κορινθίων ἰσθμὸν ὑπὸ δελφῖνος ὡς λέγεται τοῦ παιδός, Afterwards, as it is said, the boy was carried by a dolphin to the Isthmus of the Corinthians. A boy carried by a dolphin is a mythic event affecting the landscape/location.
1.44.8 3 mythic high τιμαὶ καὶ ἄλλαι τῷ Μελικέρτῃ δίδονται μετονομασθέντι Παλαίμονι καὶ τῶν Ἰσθμίων ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἄγουσι. Consequently, additional honors were awarded to Melicertes, who was renamed Palaemon, and the Isthmian contests were instituted in his honor. Melicertes/Palaemon and the Isthmian games arise from a mythic figure and cult origin story.
1.44.8 4 mythic high τὴν μὲν δὴ Μολουρίδα πέτραν Λευκοθέας καὶ Παλαίμονος ἱερὰν ἥγηντο· τὰς δὲ μετὰ ταύτην νομίζουσιν ἐναγεῖς, ὅτι παροικῶν σφισιν ὁ Σκίρων, ὁπόσοις τῶν ξένων ἐπετύγχανεν, ἠφίει σφᾶς ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν. The rock Molouris they considered sacred to Leukothea and Palaemon; but they thought those rocks following it polluted, because Sciron, who dwelled near there, would hurl into the sea any foreigner he happened upon. The pollution of the rocks is explained by Sciron's mythic violence against travelers and the sacredness of Leukothea and Palaemon.
1.44.8 5 mythic medium χελώνη δὲ ὑπενήχετο ταῖς πέτραις τοὺς ἐσβληθέντας ἁρπάζειν· A turtle swam beneath the cliffs, seizing those thrown down into the waters. A turtle beneath the cliffs seizing people cast into the water reflects a legendary/mythic landscape effect rather than ordinary description.
1.44.8 6 other high εἰσὶ δὲ αἱ θαλάσσιαι πλὴν μεγέθους καὶ ποδῶν ὅμοιαι ταῖς χερσαίαις, πόδας δὲ ἐοικότας ἔχουσι ταῖς φώκαις. These sea-turtles resemble land tortoises except in size and having feet like those of seals. Purely zoological description comparing sea-turtles with land tortoises and seals.
1.44.8 7 mythic high τούτων περιῆλθεν ἡ δίκη Σκίρωνα ἀφεθέντα ἐς θάλασσαν τὴν αὐτὴν ὑπὸ Θησέως. The justice of the gods eventually overtook Sciron himself, as he was thrown into the same sea by Theseus. Sciron’s punishment by Theseus is a mythic episode affecting the landscape/sea.
1.44.9 1 other high ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ ὄρους τῇ ἄκρᾳ Διός ἐστιν Ἀφεσίου καλουμένου ναός· At the summit of the mountain there is a temple of Zeus, who is called Aphesius (the Releaser). A temple description at a mountain summit is geographical/antiquarian, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
1.44.9 2 mythic high φασὶ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ συμβάντος ποτὲ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν αὐχμοῦ θύσαντος Αἰακοῦ κατά τι δὴ λόγιον τῷ Πανελληνίῳ Διὶ ἐν Αἰγίνῃ †κομίσαντα δὲ ἀφεῖναι καὶ διὰ τοῦτο Ἀφέσιον καλεῖσθαι τὸν Δία. They say that once, during a great drought that came upon the Greeks, Aiakos sacrificed at Aegina to Zeus Panhellenius in accordance with a certain oracle; and upon performing the sacrifice, relief was granted, and for this reason Zeus is called Aphesius. Aiakos’ sacrifice in response to a drought and the naming of Zeus from that event are legendary/mythic etiological material.
1.44.9 3 other high ἐνταῦθα καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ἄγαλμα καὶ Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι καὶ Πανός. There are also here statues of Aphrodite, Apollo, and Pan. A simple description of statues present at the site, not a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
1.44.10 1 mythic high προελθοῦσι δὲ ἐς τὸ πρόσω μνῆμά ἐστιν Εὐρυσθέως· Going forward along the road there is the tomb of Eurystheus. The tomb of Eurystheus is a landscape feature tied to a mythic figure.
1.44.10 2 mythic high φεύγοντα δὲ ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς μετὰ τὴν πρὸς Ἡρακλείδας μάχην ἐνταῦθα ἀποθανεῖν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ Ἰολάου λέγουσιν. They say that, fleeing from Attica after the battle against the Heracleidae, he was killed here by Iolaus. Mentions the battle against the Heracleidae and death at the hands of Iolaus, both within the mythic cycle.
1.44.10 3 mythic high ἐκ ταύτης τῆς ὁδοῦ καταβᾶσιν Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερόν ἐστι Λατῴου καὶ μετʼ αὐτὸ Μεγαρεῦσιν ὅροι πρὸς τὴν Κορινθίαν, ἔνθα Ὕλλον τὸν Ἡρακλέους μονομαχῆσαι πρὸς τὸν Ἀρκάδα Ἔχεμον λέγουσιν. Descending from this route is a sanctuary of Apollo Latoios; just beyond it are the boundaries of Megara with Corinth, where they say Hyllus, son of Heracles, fought a duel against the Arcadian Echemos. The sentence reports a mythic duel involving Hyllus, son of Heracles, and Echemos, a legendary event tied to the landscape.