Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 1.8

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
1.8.1 1 historical high ἀπαιτεῖ δὲ ὁ λόγος δηλῶσαι καὶ τὰ ἐς Ἄτταλον ἔχοντα, ὅτι καὶ οὗτος τῶν ἐπωνύμων ἐστὶν Ἀθηναίοις. The account requires also mentioning matters concerning Attalus, as he too is among those from whom the Athenians name their tribes. Refers to Attalus and the Athenian tribes, a post-classical historical matter.
1.8.1 2 historical high ἀνὴρ Μακεδὼν Δόκιμος ὄνομα, στρατηγὸς Ἀντιγόνου, Λυσιμάχῳ παραδοὺς ὕστερον αὑτὸν καὶ τὰ χρήματα, Φιλέταιρον Παφλαγόνα εἶχεν εὐνοῦχον. A Macedonian man named Docimus, a general of Antigonus, afterward surrendered himself and his possessions to Lysimachus, and he had in his service a eunuch, Philetaerus, a Paphlagonian by birth. Mentions Macedonian figures and Lysimachus/Antigonus, placing it in Hellenistic historical chronology after 500 BC.
1.8.1 3 historical high ὅσα μὲν δὴ Φιλεταίρῳ πεπραγμένα ἐς τὴν ἀπόστασίν ἐστι τὴν ἀπὸ Λυσιμάχου καὶ ὡς Σέλευκον ἐπηγάγετο, ἔσται μοι τῶν ἐς Λυσίμαχον παρενθήκη· The actions of Philetaerus regarding his rebellion against Lysimachus and how he brought Seleucus against him will be included in my excursus on Lysimachus. Refers to Philetaerus, Lysimachus, and Seleucus—Hellenistic historical figures and political events.
1.8.1 4 historical high ὁ δὲ Ἄτταλος Ἀττάλου μὲν παῖς ὤν, ἀδελφιδοῦς δὲ Φιλεταίρου, τὴν ἀρχὴν Εὐμένους παραδόντος ἔσχεν ἀνεψιοῦ. Attalus, son of Attalus and nephew of Philetaerus, obtained rule when the power was handed over to him by his cousin, Eumenes. Refers to the succession of Attalus and Eumenes in the Hellenistic period, a post-500 BC historical event.
1.8.1 5 historical high μέγιστον δέ ἐστίν οἱ τῶν ἔργων· Γαλάτας γὰρ ἐς τὴν γῆν, ἣν ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἔχουσιν, ἀναφυγεῖν ἠνάγκασεν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης. Attalus's greatest achievement was that he forced the Gauls away from the coast into the land which they still possess today. Describes Attalus' historical military action against the Gauls and its lasting effect on their territory.
1.8.2 1 mythic high μετὰ δὲ τὰς εἰκόνας τῶν ἐπωνύμων ἐστὶν ἀγάλματα θεῶν, Ἀμφιάραος καὶ Εἰρήνη φέρουσα Πλοῦτον παῖδα. After the statues of the eponymous heroes are images of gods: Amphiaraus and Peace carrying the child Plutus. Mentions divine and mythic figures (Amphiaraus, Peace, Plutus) as statues; this is mythological/iconographic description.
1.8.2 2 historical high ἐνταῦθα Λυκοῦργός τε κεῖται χαλκοῦς ὁ Λυκόφρονος καὶ Καλλίας, ὃς πρὸς Ἀρταξέρξην τὸν Ξέρξου τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ὡς Ἀθηναίων οἱ πολλοὶ λέγουσιν, ἔπραξε τὴν εἰρήνην· Here too is set up in bronze Lycurgus, son of Lycophron, and Callias, who, according to most Athenians, negotiated peace with Artaxerxes, son of Xerxes, on behalf of the Greeks. Refers to Lycurgus and Callias, historical figures and a peace negotiation with Artaxerxes.
1.8.2 3 historical high ἔστι δὲ καὶ Δημοσθένης, ὃν ἐς Καλαυρείαν Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν πρὸ Τροιζῆνος νῆσον ἠνάγκασαν ἀποχωρῆσαι, δεξάμενοι δὲ ὕστερον διώκουσιν αὖθις μετὰ τὴν ἐν Λαμίᾳ πληγήν. There is also Demosthenes, whom the Athenians forced to withdraw to Calaureia, an island off Troezen, only later to welcome him back, pursuing him once more after the defeat at Lamia. Refers to Demosthenes and events after the battle of Lamia, a historical episode affecting his movements.
1.8.3 1 historical high Δημοσθένης δέ ὡς τὸ δεύτερον ἔφυγε, περαιοῦται καὶ τότε ἐς τὴν Καλαυρείαν, ἔνθα δὴ πιὼν φάρμακον ἐτελεύτησεν· When Demosthenes went into exile for the second time, he crossed at that time also to Calaureia, where indeed he ended his life by taking poison. Demosthenes is a historical figure, and his exile and death by poison are historical events.
1.8.3 2 historical medium φυγάδα τε Ἕλληνα μόνον τοῦτον Ἀντιπάτρῳ καὶ Μακεδόσιν οὐκ ἀνήγαγεν Ἀρχίας. He alone among the Greek exiles was not surrendered by Archias to Antipater and the Macedonians. Refers to Archias, Antipater, and the Macedonians, which places it in a post-Classical historical context.
1.8.3 3 historical high ὁ δὲ Ἀρχίας οὗτος Θούριος ὢν ἔργον ἤρατο ἀνόσιον· ὅσοι Μακεδόσιν ἔπραξαν ἐναντία πρὶν ἢ τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὸ πταῖσμα τὸ ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ γενέσθαι, τούτους ἦγεν Ἀρχίας Ἀντιπάτρῳ δώσοντας δίκην. This Archias, though a native of Thurii, undertook an impious task: all those Greeks who had opposed the Macedonians before the decisive defeat in Thessaly, Archias delivered up to Antipater for punishment. Refers to Macedonian and Greek political actions after the Thessalian defeat, a historical event and its consequences.
1.8.3 4 historical high Δημοσθένει μὲν ἡ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους ἄγαν εὔνοια ἐς τοῦτο ἐχώρησεν· εὖ δέ μοι λελέχθαι δοκεῖ ἄνδρα ἀφειδῶς ἐκπεσόντα ἐς πολιτείαν καὶ πιστὰ ἡγησάμενον τὰ τοῦ δήμου μήποτε καλῶς τελευτῆσαι. Demosthenes' exceeding goodwill toward the Athenians led him to this end; and it seems well said that he was a man who plunged recklessly into public affairs and believed faithfully that nothing connected with democracy could ever conclude happily. Refers to Demosthenes and Athenian public affairs, a historical political figure and context.
1.8.4 1 other high τῆς δὲ τοῦ Δημοσθένους εἰκόνος πλησίον Ἄρεώς ἐστιν ἱερόν, ἔνθα ἀγάλματα δύο μὲν Ἀφροδίτης κεῖται, τὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἄρεως ἐποίησεν Ἀλκαμένης, τὴν δὲ Ἀθηνᾶν ἀνὴρ Πάριος, ὄνομα δὲ αὐτῷ Λόκρος. Near the statue of Demosthenes stands a sanctuary of Ares, where there are two images of Aphrodite; the image of Ares was made by Alcamenes, while Athena was the work of a Parian named Locros. Purely locational and descriptive notice of a sanctuary and its statues; no mythic event or historical event is being narrated.
1.8.4 2 other high ἐνταῦθα καὶ Ἐνυοῦς ἄγαλμά ἐστιν, ἐποίησαν δὲ οἱ παῖδες οἱ Πραξιτέλους. Here, too, is a statue of Enyo, made by the sons of Praxiteles. A descriptive note about a statue and its makers; not a mythic event or historical event.
1.8.4 3 other high περὶ δὲ τὸν ναὸν ἑστᾶσιν Ἡρακλῆς καὶ Θησεὺς καὶ Ἀπόλλων ἀναδούμενος ταινίᾳ τὴν κόμην, ἀνδριάντες δὲ Καλάδης Ἀθηναίοις ὡς λέγεται νόμους γράψας καὶ Πίνδαρος ἄλλα τε εὑρόμενος παρὰ Ἀθηναίων καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα, ὅτι σφᾶς ἐπῄνεσεν ᾆσμα ποιήσας. Around the temple stand statues of Heracles, Theseus, and Apollo, who is binding his hair with a ribbon; also there are statues of Calades—who, it is said, composed laws for the Athenians—and of Pindar, who, among other reasons, is honored by the Athenians with a statue because he praised them in one of his songs. Describes statues around the temple and reasons for honors; mainly antiquarian/descriptive, not an event.
1.8.5 1 historical high οὐ πόρρω δὲ ἑστᾶσιν Ἁρμόδιος καὶ Ἀριστογείτων οἱ κτείναντες Ἵππαρχον· Not far off stand Harmodius and Aristogeiton, the men who slew Hipparchus. Refers to the assassination of Hipparchus by Harmodius and Aristogeiton, a historical event in late 6th-century BC Athens.
1.8.5 2 other high αἰτία δὲ ἥτις ἐγένετο καὶ τὸ ἔργον ὅντινα τρόπον ἔπραξαν, ἑτέροις ἐστὶν εἰρημένα. The reason for their action and the particular manner in which they carried it out have already been described by others. This is a meta-textual note about prior description by others, not a mythic or historical event.
1.8.5 3 other high τῶν δὲ ἀνδριάντων οἱ μέν εἰσι Κριτίου τέχνη, τοὺς δὲ ἀρχαίους ἐποίησεν Ἀντήνωρ · Of their statues, some are the work of Critius, whereas the original ones were made by Antenor. Describes the statues themselves and their makers, an antiquarian/art-historical note rather than mythic or historical event.
1.8.5 4 historical high Ξέρξου δέ, ὡς εἷλεν Ἀθήνας ἐκλιπόντων τὸ ἄστυ Ἀθηναίων, ἀπαγαγομένου καὶ τούτους ἅτε λάφυρα, κατέπεμψεν ὕστερον Ἀθηναίοις Ἀντίοχος. When Xerxes captured Athens after the Athenians had abandoned the city, he took away these statues among the other spoils of war; later, Antiochus returned them to the Athenians. Describes Xerxes’ sack of Athens and Antiochus’ later return of spoils, both historical events.
1.8.6 1 other high τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ ὃ καλοῦσιν Ὠιδεῖον ἀνδριάντες πρὸ τῆς ἐσόδου βασιλέων εἰσὶν Αἰγυπτίων. In front of the theater called the Odeion are statues of Egyptian kings by the entrance. Purely descriptive location note about statues at a theater entrance.
1.8.6 2 other high ὀνόματα μὲν δὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ Πτολεμαῖοί σφισιν, ἄλλη δὲ ἐπίκλησις ἄλλῳ· καὶ γὰρ Φιλομήτορα καλοῦσι καὶ Φιλάδελφον ἕτερον, τὸν δὲ τοῦ Λάγου Σωτῆρα παραδόντων Ῥοδίων τὸ ὄνομα. All of them are named alike, Ptolemy, but each has his own additional surname. A naming note about Ptolemaic rulers; genealogical/antiquarian rather than mythic or a dated historical event.
1.8.6 3 historical high τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ὁ μὲν Φιλάδελφός ἐστιν οὗ καὶ πρότερον μνήμην ἐν τοῖς ἐπωνύμοις ἐποιησάμην, πλησίον δέ οἱ καὶ Ἀρσινόης τῆς ἀδελφῆς ἐστιν εἰκών. Thus one they call Philometor, another Philadelphos, and the title Soter ("Savior") was given to the son of Lagus by the Rhodians. Refers to Hellenistic rulers and a statue/image of Arsinoe, which is historical rather than mythic.