Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 2.13

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
2.13.1 1 mythic high Ἡρακλειδῶν δὲ κατελθόντων Πελοπόννησος ἐταράχθη πᾶσα πλὴν Ἀρκάδων, When the Heracleidae returned, the whole Peloponnese was thrown into confusion, apart from Arcadia. The return of the Heracleidae is a mythic event reshaping the Peloponnese.
2.13.1 2 historical high ὡς πολλὰς μὲν τῶν πόλεων συνοίκους ἐκ τοῦ Δωρικοῦ προσλαβεῖν, πλείονας δὲ ἔτι γενέσθαι τὰς μεταβολὰς τοῖς οἰκήτορσι. Many cities encountered newcomers who settled among them as a result of the Dorian migration, and yet even greater changes befell the inhabitants. Refers to the Dorian migration and its effects on cities, a historical ethnographic event rather than a myth.
2.13.1 3 other high τὰ δὲ κατὰ Φλιοῦντα οὕτως ἔχει. The events concerning Phlius took place as follows: Introductory statement setting up the account of Phlius; it is narrative framing, not itself mythic or historical content.
2.13.1 4 historical medium Ῥηγνίδας ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ὁ Φάλκου τοῦ Τημένου Δωριεὺς ἐκ τε Ἄργους στρατεύει καὶ ἐκ τῆς Σικυωνίας. Rhegnidas, the son of Phalces, a Dorian from Temenus' family, marched against the city from Argos and Sicyonia. Describes a military march by a named person connected to Argos and Sicyonia, fitting post-mythic historical narrative.
2.13.1 5 historical high τῶν δὲ Φλιασίων τοῖς μὲν ἃ προεκαλεῖτο Ῥηγνίδας ἐφαίνετο ἀρεστά, μένοντας ἐπὶ τοῖς αὑτῶν βασιλέα Ῥηγνίδαν καὶ τοὺς σὺν ἐκείνῳ Δωριεῖς ἐπὶ ἀναδασμῷ γῆς δέχεσθαι· Among the Phliasians, some approved of the proposals Rhegnidas brought forward, choosing to remain in possession of their own lands and thus admitting Rhegnidas and the Dorians who accompanied him on terms of a redistribution of territory. Describes a redistribution of land involving Rhegnidas and the Dorians, an event in human political history rather than myth.
2.13.2 1 historical high Ἵππασος δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ διεκελεύοντο ἀμύνεσθαι μηδὲ πολλῶν καὶ ἀγαθῶν ἀμαχεὶ τοῖς Δωριεῦσιν ἀφίστασθαι. But Hippasos and those who were with him urged resistance, arguing that they should not yield to the Dorians without fighting for their many and noble possessions. Refers to conflict with the Dorians and resistance over possessions, a historical/historicizing event rather than mythic or purely descriptive.
2.13.2 2 historical high προσεμένου δὲ τοῦ δήμου τὴν ἐναντίαν ταύτην γνώμην, οὕτως Ἵππασος σὺν τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἐς Σάμον φεύγει. As the people stood firm on the opposite opinion, Hippasos, along with those who were willing, fled to Samos. Describes Hippasos and followers fleeing to Samos, a historical event involving people and movement, not myth.
2.13.2 3 other high Ἱππάσου δὲ τούτου τέταρτος ἦν ἀπόγονος Πυθαγόρας ὁ λεγόμενος γενέσθαι σοφός· Μνησάρχου γὰρ Πυθαγόρας ἦν τοῦ Εὔφρονος τοῦ Ἱππάσου. The fourth descendant of this Hippasos was Pythagoras, who was famed for his wisdom; for Pythagoras was the son of Mnesarchos, the son of Euphron, who was the son of Hippasos. Genealogical antiquarian notice identifying Pythagoras' ancestry; not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
2.13.2 4 other high ταῦτα μὲν Φλιάσιοι λέγουσι περὶ αὑτῶν, ὁμολογοῦσι δέ σφισι τὰ πολλὰ καὶ Σικυώνιοι. These things the Phliasians relate about themselves, and the Sicyonians agree with them for the most part. This is a report of what the locals say about themselves, not a mythic or historical event.
2.13.3 1 other high προσέσται δὲ ἤδη καὶ τῶν ἐς ἐπίδειξιν ἡκόντων τὰ ἀξιολογώτατα. Now I must describe some of those things most worthy of mention among the sights one may come upon. Introductory transition to notable sights; purely descriptive and non-mythic/non-historical.
2.13.3 2 other high ἔστι γὰρ ἐν τῇ Φλιασίων ἀκροπόλει κυπαρίσσων ἄλσος καὶ ἱερὸν ἁγιώτατον ἐκ παλαιοῦ· On the acropolis of the Phliasians there is a grove of cypresses and a sanctuary held most sacred from ancient times. Describes a sanctuary and grove on the acropolis; topographical and antiquarian rather than mythic or historical event.
2.13.3 3 other high τὴν δὲ θεὸν ἧς ἐστι τὸ ἱερὸν οἱ μὲν ἀρχαιότατοι Φλιασίων Γανυμήδαν, οἱ δὲ ὕστερον Ἥβην ὀνομάζουσιν· Concerning the goddess to whom the sanctuary belongs, the earliest Phliasians name her Ganymeda, but later generations call her Hebe. Identifies a sanctuary and its goddess name; this is antiquarian/identificatory rather than an event.
2.13.3 4 mythic high ἧς καὶ Ὅμηρος μνήμην ἐποιήσατο ἐν τῇ Μενελάου πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον μονομαχίᾳ φάμενος οἰνοχόον τῶν θεῶν εἶναι, καὶ αὖθις ἐν Ὀδυσσέως ἐς Ἅιδου καθόδῳ γυναῖκα Ἡρακλέους εἶπεν εἶναι. Homer, too, makes mention of her in the single combat between Menelaus and Alexander, stating that she is the cupbearer of the gods, and again, in the episode of Odysseus's descent to Hades, he says that she is the wife of Heracles. Refers to Homeric mythic episodes and divine figures (Menelaus and Alexander, Odysseus in Hades, Hera/Heracles).
2.13.3 5 mythic high Ὠλῆνι δὲ ἐν Ἥρας ἐστὶν ὕμνῳ πεποιημένα τραφῆναι τὴν Ἥραν ὑπὸ Ὡρῶν, εἶναι δέ οἱ παῖδας Ἄρην τε καὶ Ἥβην. Moreover, in Olen's hymn to Hera, it is said that Hera was nurtured by the Horae, and that she has children Ares and Hebe. Describes divine genealogy and upbringing of Hera from a hymn, which is mythic material.
2.13.4 1 other high παρὰ δὲ Φλιασίοις τῇ θεῷ ταύτῃ καὶ ἄλλαι τιμαὶ καὶ μέγιστον τὸ ἐς τοὺς ἱκέτας ἐστί· Among the Phliasians this goddess receives other honors as well, but the greatest reverence concerns suppliants. Describes local cult honors among the Phliasians; purely religious/antiquarian, not mythic or historical.
2.13.4 2 historical high δεδώκασι γὰρ δὴ ἄδειαν ἐνταῦθα ἱκετεύουσι, λυθέντες δὲ οἱ δεσμῶται τὰς πέδας πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῷ ἄλσει δένδρα ἀνατιθέασιν. For here they have granted safe refuge to those who seek sanctuary; prisoners, having been freed from their fetters, dedicate their chains on trees within the grove. Describes an institutional sanctuary custom and its material trace in the grove, not a mythic event.
2.13.4 3 other high ἄγεται δὲ καὶ ἑορτή σφισιν ἐπέτειος, ἣν καλοῦσι Κισσοτόμους. Furthermore, an annual festival is held in her honor, which they call the Kissotomoi. A festival name and its annual observance are descriptive/antiquarian details, not a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
2.13.4 4 other high ἄγαλμα δὲ οὔτε ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ φυλάσσουσιν οὐδὲν οὔτε ἐστὶν ἐν φανερῷ δεικνύμενον---ἐφʼ ὅτῳ δὲ οὕτω νομίζουσιν, ἱερός ἐστιν αὐτοῖς λόγος---, However, no image of the goddess is kept hidden, nor is any openly displayed; the reason for this practice is the subject of a sacred tradition among them. Describes cult practice and sacred tradition, not a mythic event or historical event.
2.13.4 5 other high ἐπεὶ τῆς γε Ἥρας ἐστὶν ἐξιόντων ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ναὸς ἄγαλμα ἔχων Παρίου λίθου. As one leaves the precinct, there is, on the left side, a temple of Hera containing a statue of Parian marble. Purely topographical/descriptive temple location and contents; no mythic or historical event.
2.13.5 1 other high ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀκροπόλει καὶ ἄλλος περίβολός ἐστιν ἱερὸς Δήμητρος, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ ναός τε καὶ ἄγαλμα Δήμητρος καὶ τῆς παιδός· On the Acropolis there is also another sacred enclosure dedicated to Demeter, and within it are a temple and statues of Demeter and her daughter. Purely descriptive note about a sacred enclosure, temple, and statues on the Acropolis; no event is narrated.
2.13.5 2 other high τὸ δὲ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος---ἔστι γὰρ καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος ἐνταῦθα χαλκοῦν ἄγαλμα---ἐφαίνετο ἀρχαῖον εἶναί μοι. The statue of Artemis—for here too there is a bronze statue of Artemis—seemed to me of ancient workmanship. Describes the appearance and perceived antiquity of a bronze statue, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
2.13.5 3 other high κατιόντων δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀκροπόλεώς ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ ναὸς ἐν δεξιᾷ καὶ ἄγαλμα οὐκ ἔχον πω γένεια. As one descends from the Acropolis, there is on the right a sanctuary of Asclepius and a statue of him depicted as still beardless. Topographical description of a sanctuary and statue location, not a mythic event or historical event.
2.13.5 4 other high ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν ναὸν θέατρον πεποίηται· τούτου δὲ οὐ πόρρω Δήμητρός ἐστιν ἱερὸν καὶ καθήμενα ἀγάλματα ἀρχαῖα. Below this sanctuary a theater has been constructed, and not far from it there is a sanctuary of Demeter containing seated statues of ancient workmanship. Describes the location of a theater and a nearby sanctuary with ancient statues; purely topographical and descriptive.
2.13.6 1 other high ἀνάκειται δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς αἲξ χαλκῆ, τὰ πολλὰ ἐπίχρυσος· In the marketplace there stands a bronze goat, largely gilded with gold. Describes a present monument in the marketplace, a geographical/descriptive detail rather than a mythic or historical event.
2.13.6 2 other high παρὰ δὲ Φλιασίοις τιμὰς ἐπὶ τῷδε εἴληφε. Among the people of Phlius, it enjoys honors for the following reason. A present-day honor among the people of Phlius is explanatory/local antiquarian material, not a mythic or historical event.
2.13.6 3 other high τὸ ἄστρον ἣν ὀνομάζουσιν αἶγα ἀνατέλλουσα τὰς ἀμπέλους λυμαίνεται συνεχῶς· The constellation they call the Goat, when it rises, tends continually to spoil the vines. Astronomical/geographical description of a constellation's effect on vines, not mythic or historical.
2.13.6 4 other high ἵνα δὲ ἄχαρι μηδὲν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς γένηται, οἱ δὲ τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς χαλκῆν αἶγα ἄλλοις τε τιμῶσι καὶ χρυσῷ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐπικοσμοῦντες. So, to prevent any trouble from it, the inhabitants bestow honors upon the bronze goat in the market, adorning the statue with gold and other ornaments. Describes a local cult object in the marketplace and its adornment, not a mythic event or a post-500 BC historical event.
2.13.6 5 other high ἐνταῦθά ἐστι καὶ Ἀριστίου μνῆμα τοῦ Πρατίνου· Here too is the tomb of Aristias, son of Pratinas. A tomb location is descriptive/antiquarian topography, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
2.13.6 6 other high τούτῳ τῷ Ἀριστίᾳ σάτυροι καὶ Πρατίνᾳ τῷ πατρί εἰσι πεποιημένοι πλὴν τῶν Αἰχύλου δοκιμώτατοι. The satyr-plays composed by this Aristias and by his father Pratinas are held to be, after those of Aeschylus, the most esteemed. Literary antiquarian remark about satyr-plays and playwrights, not a mythic event or historical घटना affecting landscape.
2.13.7 1 other high ὄπισθεν δὲ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν οἶκος ὀνομαζόμενος ὑπὸ Φλιασίων μαντικός. Behind the marketplace is a building called by the Phliasians "the prophetic house." Purely topographical description of a building's location and local name.
2.13.7 2 mythic high ἐς τοῦτον Ἀμφιάραος ἐλθὼν καὶ τὴν νύκτα ἐγκατακοιμηθεὶς μαντεύεσθαι τότε πρῶτον, ὡς οἱ Φλιάσιοί φασιν, ἤρξατο· τέως δὲ ἦν Ἀμφιάραος τῷ ἐκείνων λόγῳ ἰδιώτης τε καὶ οὐ μάντις. According to the Phliasians, it was into this house that Amphiaraus entered and, having lain down at night there to sleep, began for the first time to prophesy; before this event, they say, Amphiaraus had been merely an ordinary man and not yet a seer. Amphiaraus is a heroic/mantic figure, and the sentence describes the mythic origin of his prophecy at this place.
2.13.7 3 other high καὶ τὸ οἴκημα ἀπὸ τούτου συγκέκλεισται τὸν πάντα ἤδη χρόνον. Afterward, the building remained closed for all time. Describes the building's later state of being closed, a non-mythic, non-historical architectural remark.
2.13.7 4 other high οὐ πόρρω δέ ἐστιν ὁ καλούμενος Ὀμφαλός, Πελοποννήσου δὲ πάσης μέσον, εἰ δὴ τὰ ὄντα εἰρήκασιν. Not far away is a place called the Omphalos ("the navel"), reputed to be the center of the entire Peloponnese, assuming their statement is correct. Geographical description of a named place and its reputed central position; the sentence is not narrating a mythic or historical event.
2.13.7 5 other high ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ὀμφαλοῦ προελθοῦσι Διονύσου σφίσιν ἱερόν ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον, ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ ἄλλο Ἴσιδος. Beyond the Omphalos, as one moves forward, lies an ancient sanctuary of Dionysus; there is also one of Apollo and another dedicated to Isis. A route note listing sanctuaries beyond a landmark; descriptive/topographical rather than narrating mythic or historical events.
2.13.7 6 other high τὸ μὲν δὴ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Διονύσου δῆλον πᾶσιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τὸ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος· The image of Dionysus is clearly visible to all, as likewise is that of Apollo. A simple descriptive statement about visible cult images.
2.13.7 7 other high τὸ δὲ τῆς Ἴσιδος τοῖς ἱερεῦσι θεάσασθαι μόνον ἔστι. But the statue of Isis can be seen only by the priests. A descriptive note about access to Isis's statue; not a mythic event or historical event.
2.13.8 1 other high λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὧδε ὑπὸ Φλιασίων λόγος· The Phliasians tell the following story as well: Introduces a reported local story; it is framing text, not the myth itself.
2.13.8 2 mythic high Ἡρακλέα, ὅτʼ ἐκ Λιβύης ἀνεσώθη κομίζων τὰ μῆλα τὰ Ἑσπερίδων καλούμενα, ἐς Φλιοῦντα ἐλθεῖν κατὰ δή τι ἴδιον, διαιτωμένου δὲ ἐνταῦθα Οἰνέα ἐξ Αἰτωλίας ἀφικέσθαι παρʼ αὐτόν· Heracles, when he returned from Libya bringing the so-called apples of the Hesperides, reached Phlius for some private reason, and while he was staying there, Oeneus journeyed from Aetolia to see him. Heracles’ return with the apples of the Hesperides and Oeneus’ visit are mythic narrative events.
2.13.8 3 mythic high ἐγεγόνει δὲ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ πρότερον ἔτι κηδεστής, τότε δὲ ἀφιγμένος εἱστία τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἢ αὐτὸς εἱστιᾶτο ὑπὸ ἐκείνου. Oeneus had been related by marriage to Heracles before, and upon arriving at that time he entertained Heracles or himself was entertained by him. Heracles and Oeneus belong to mythic heroic tradition; the sentence describes their relationship and hospitality.
2.13.8 4 mythic high Κύαθον δʼ οὖν παῖδα οἰνοχόον Οἰνέως οὐκ ἀρεσθεὶς τῷ δοθέντι πώματι παίει τῶν δακτύλων ἑνὶ ἐς τὴν κεφαλήν· Now Cyathus, the son of Oeneus, who was serving wine, did not please Heracles with the drink he offered; and Heracles struck him on the head with one finger. Heracles striking Cyathus is a mythic episode involving mythic characters.
2.13.8 5 historical high ἀποθανόντος δὲ αὐτίκα ὑπὸ τῆς πληγῆς Φλιασίοις ἐστὶν οἴκημα ἐς μνήμην. Cyathus instantly died from the blow, and the Phliasians built a chapel in remembrance of the incident. The sentence refers to a commemorative chapel built by the Phliasians for a remembered incident, an event in the historical/commemorative sphere rather than myth.
2.13.8 6 other high τοῦτο ᾠκοδόμηται μὲν παρὰ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος, ἀγάλματα δὲ λίθου πεποιημένα ἔχει, κύλικα ὀρέγοντα Ἡρακλεῖ τὸν Κύαθον. This structure stands beside the sanctuary of Apollo, and inside it are stone statues portraying Cyathus offering a cup to Heracles. Describes a building's location and its stone statues; purely topographical/descriptive.