Pausanias Analysis - Current Sentence Tags 2.18

Chapter 2.18

Passage	Sentence	Bucket	Confidence	Greek	English	Rationale
2.18.1	1	mythic	high	ἐκ Μυκηνῶν δὲ ἐς Ἄργος ἐρχομένοις ἐν ἀριστερᾷ Περσέως παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν ἐστιν ἡρῷον.	On the journey from Mycenae to Argos, there is a hero-shrine of Perseus on the left beside the road.	A hero-shrine of Perseus on the road reflects a mythic figure and mythic landscape association.
2.18.1	2	mythic	high	ἔχει μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα τιμὰς παρὰ τῶν προσχωρίων, μεγίστας δὲ ἔν τε Σερίφῳ καὶ παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις ,	He indeed receives honors here from the local inhabitants, but the greatest are paid to him in Seriphos and among the Athenians.	Refers to honors paid to a god/hero in specific places; this is cultic attention tied to mythic significance.
2.18.1	3	mythic	high	οἷς Περσέως τέμενος καὶ Δίκτυος καὶ Κλυμένης βωμὸς σωτήρων καλουμένων Περσέως.	The Athenians have a sacred precinct dedicated to Perseus, and within it an altar of Dictys and Clymene, who together with Perseus are named the Saviors.	Names sacred precinct and altar tied to Perseus, Dictys, and Clymene, all mythic figures.
2.18.1	4	mythic	high	ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἀργείᾳ προελθοῦσιν ὀλίγον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡρῴου τούτου Θυέστου τάφος ἐστὶν ἐν δεξιᾷ·	A short distance beyond this shrine, in Argive territory, is the tomb of Thyestes on the right side.	Thyestes is a mythic figure, and the sentence identifies his tomb as a landscape feature.
2.18.1	5	mythic	high	λίθου δὲ ἔπεστιν αὐτῷ κριός, ὅτι τὴν ἄρνα ὁ Θυέστης ἔσχε τὴν χρυσῆν, μοιχεύσας τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα.	Upon it stands a ram fashioned from stone, because Thyestes obtained the golden lamb after seducing his brother’s wife.	Explains a landscape monument by reference to the myth of Thyestes and the golden lamb.
2.18.1	6	mythic	high	Ἀτρέα δὲ οὐκ ἐπέσχεν ὁ λογισμὸς μετρῆσαι τὴν ἴσην, ἀλλὰ τῶν Θυέστου παίδων σφαγὰς καὶ τὰ ᾀδόμενα δεῖπνα ἐξειργάσατο.	Atreus, however, was not satisfied merely with balancing the wrong done to him; instead he carried out the murder of Thyestes’ sons and the grim banquet described in song.	Refers to the mythic cycle of Atreus and Thyestes, including the slaughter of Thyestes' sons and the banquet.
2.18.2	1	mythic	high	ὕστερον δὲ οὐκ ἔχω σαφὲς εἰπεῖν πότερον ἀδικίας ἦρξεν Αἴγισθος ἢ προϋπῆρξεν Ἀγαμέμνονι φόνος Ταντάλου τοῦ Θυέστου·	But afterwards I cannot say clearly whether Aegisthus first committed an act of injustice or whether the murder of Tantalus, the son of Thyestes, preceded this act of Agamemnon.	Discusses the mythic cycle of Aegisthus, Agamemnon, Thyestes, and Tantalus.
2.18.2	2	mythic	high	συνοικεῖν δέ φασιν αὐτὸν Κλυταιμνήστρᾳ παρθένῳ παρὰ Τυνδάρεω λαβόντα.	They say that Tantalus had already lived with Clytemnestra while she was still unmarried, taking her from Tyndareus.	Refers to a legendary figure, Tantalus, and his relation to Clytemnestra/Tyndareus; mythic genealogy and marriage lore.
2.18.2	3	mythic	high	ἐγὼ δὲ καταγνῶναι μὲν οὐκ ἐθέλω φύσει σφᾶς γενέσθαι κακούς· εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον αὐτοῖς τὸ μίασμα τὸ Πέλοπος καὶ ὁ Μυρτίλου προστρόπαιος ἠκολούθησε, τούτοις ἦν ἄρα ὁμολογοῦντα, ἡνίκα ἡ Πυθία Γλαύκῳ τῷ Ἐπικύδους Σπαρτιάτῃ, βουλεύσαντι ἐπίορκα ὀμόσαι, καὶ τοῦδε εἶπεν ἐς τοὺς ἀπογόνους κατιέναι τὴν δίκην.	Yet I do not wish to judge them as by nature wicked; but if to this extent the pollution of Pelops and the vengeful curse of Myrtilus followed upon them, it would confirm what the Pythian priestess said to Glaucus, son of Epicydes, the Spartan, when he sought counsel about swearing a false oath, that the punishment would descend upon his descendants as well.	Refers to the mythic pollution of Pelops and curse of Myrtilus, with a Delphic oracle about inherited punishment.
2.18.3	1	mythic	high	ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν Κριῶν---οὕτω γὰρ τοῦ Θυέστου τὸ μνῆμα ὀνομάζουσι---προελθοῦσιν ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ χωρίον Μυσία καὶ Δήμητρος Μυσίας ἱερὸν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Μυσίου τὸ ὄνομα, γενομένου καὶ τούτου, καθάπερ λέγουσιν Ἀργεῖοι, ξένου τῇ Δήμητρι.	From the Rams—for this is what they call the tomb of Thyestes—a little further along, on the left, is a place called Mysia and a sanctuary of Demeter Mysia, named after a certain Mysius, who, according to the Argive tradition, was a host to Demeter.	The sanctuary and place are explained through the mythic figure Mysius and Demeter's legendary hospitality, with naming tied to myth.
2.18.3	2	other	high	τούτῳ μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἔπεστιν ὄροφος·	This sanctuary has no roof.	A plain architectural description of the sanctuary's rooflessness.
2.18.3	3	other	high	ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ ναός ἐστιν ἄλλος ὀπτῆς πλίνθου, ξόανα δὲ Κόρης καὶ Πλούτωνος καὶ Δήμητρός ἐστι.	But within it there stands another temple built of baked brick, containing wooden statues of Kore, Plouton, and Demeter.	Describes the temple’s construction and cult images; purely descriptive and antiquarian.
2.18.3	4	other	high	προελθοῦσι δὲ ποταμός ἐστιν Ἴναχος, καὶ διαβᾶσιν Ἡλίου βωμός.	Going further onward, there is the river Inachus, and after crossing it, an altar to Helios.	A route description naming the Inachus river and an altar to Helios; no event is narrated.
2.18.3	5	other	high	ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἐπὶ πύλην ἥξεις καλουμένην ἀπὸ τοῦ πλησίον ἱεροῦ·	Beyond this altar, you arrive at a gate named from the nearby sanctuary.	Purely topographical route description of a gate named from a nearby sanctuary.
2.18.3	6	other	high	τὸ δὲ ἱερόν ἐστιν Εἰλειθυίας.	And this sanctuary is sacred to Eileithyia.	Identifies a sanctuary and its dedication; purely descriptive/religious topography, not an event.
2.18.4	1	historical	medium	μόνους δὲ Ἑλλήνων οἶδα Ἀργείους ἐς τρεῖς βασιλείας νεμηθέντας.	The Argives are the only Greeks I know who divided their kingdom into three parts.	Refers to the Argives' division of kingship, a non-mythic political-historical arrangement rather than a landscape feature.
2.18.4	2	mythic	high	ἐπὶ γὰρ τῆς ἀρχῆς τῆς Ἀναξαγόρου τοῦ Ἀργείου τοῦ Μεγαπένθους μανία ταῖς γυναιξὶν ἐνέπεσεν, ἐκφοιτῶσαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν ἐπλανῶντο ἀνὰ τὴν χώραν, ἐς ὃ Μελάμπους ὁ Ἀμυθάονος ἔπαυσε σφᾶς τῆς νόσου, ἐφʼ ᾧ τε αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ ἀδελφὸς Βίας Ἀναξαγόρᾳ τὸ ἴσον ἕξουσιν.	For during the reign of Anaxagoras, son of Megapenthes, madness came upon the women; rushing forth from their homes, they wandered about the countryside, until Melampus, son of Amythaon, relieved them of their affliction, upon the condition that he himself and his brother Bias should share power equally with Anaxagoras.	Melampus curing the women’s madness is a mythic episode, and the power-sharing condition belongs to the mythic narrative.
2.18.4	3	mythic	high	ἀπὸ μὲν δὴ Βίαντος βασιλεύουσι πέντε ἄνδρες ἐπὶ γενεὰς τέσσαρας ἐς Κυάνιππον τὸν Αἰγιαλέως, ὄντες Νηλεῖδαι τὰ πρὸς μητρός, ἀπὸ δὲ Μελάμποδος γενεαί τε ἓξ καὶ ἄνδρες ἴσοι μέχρις Ἀμφιλόχου τοῦ Ἀμφιαράου·	From Bias there descended five kings through four generations to Cyanippus, son of Aigialeus, who were Neleids through their mother; and from Melampus there descended six generations with an equal number of kings down to Amphilochus, son of Amphiaraus.	Genealogical descent from Bias and Melampus to later figures is legendary mythic lineage material.
2.18.5	1	historical	low	τὸ δὲ ἐγχώριον γένος οἱ Ἀναξαγορίδαι βασιλεύουσι πλέον.	The native royal line is mostly ruled by the family of the Anaxagoridae.	Refers to a royal line and ruling family, which sounds dynastic/historical rather than mythic.
2.18.5	2	mythic	high	Ἶφις μὲν γὰρ ὁ Ἀλέκτορος τοῦ Ἀναξαγόρου Σθενέλῳ τῷ Καπανέως ἀδελφοῦ παιδὶ ἀπέλιπε τὴν ἀρχήν· Ἀμφιλόχου δὲ μετὰ ἅλωσιν Ἰλίου μετοικήσαντος ἐς τοὺς νῦν Ἀμφιλόχους, Κυανίππου δʼ ἄπαιδος τελευτήσαντος, οὕτω Κυλαράβης ὁ Σθενέλου μόνος τὴν βασιλείαν ἔσχεν.	For Iphis, the son of Alector, son of Anaxagoras, left the kingship to Sthenelus, son of Capaneus' brother; after Amphilochus moved following the fall of Troy into the region now called Amphilochia, and after Cyanippus died childless, thus Cylarabes son of Sthenelus alone held the royal power.	Describes legendary royal succession linked to the fall of Troy and early heroic figures.
2.18.5	3	mythic	high	οὐ μέντοι παῖδας κατέλιπεν οὐδʼ οὗτος, ἀλλὰ Ὀρέστης ὁ Ἀγαμέμνονος τὸ Ἄργος κατέσχε παροικῶν τε ἐγγὺς αὐτῷ καὶ ἄνευ τῆς πατρῴας ἀρχῆς προσπεποιημένος μὲν Ἀρκάδων τοὺς πολλούς, παρειληφὼς δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐν Σπάρτῃ βασιλείαν, συμμαχικοῦ δὲ ἐκ Φωκέων ἀεί ποτε ἐπʼ ὠφελείᾳ ἑτοίμου παρόντος.	However, he too left no children, so Orestes, son of Agamemnon, obtained Argos, living in proximity and not possessing his hereditary rule, but commanding the allegiance of many Arcadians, having also acquired the kingship at Sparta, while always having at hand a ready alliance with the Phokians for support.	Orestes, son of Agamemnon, is a mythological figure and the sentence concerns his mythic succession to Argos and Sparta.
2.18.6	1	mythic	high	Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ ἐβασίλευσεν Ὀρέστης Λακεδαιμονίων ἐφέντων αὐτῷ·	After the Spartans appointed him king, Orestes ruled over the Lacedaemonians.	Orestes is a mythic figure, and his kingship belongs to heroic legend rather than historical period.
2.18.6	2	mythic	high	τοὺς γὰρ Τυνδάρεω θυγατριδοῦς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχειν οὐκ ἠξίουν πρὸ Νικοστράτου καὶ Μεγαπένθους Μενελάῳ γεγενημένων ἐκ δούλης.	For it was not considered proper by them that the sons of the daughter of Tyndareus should hold power, since Nicostratus and Megapenthes had been born to Menelaus by a slave woman.	Refers to Menelaus and Tyndareus’ family, a mythic genealogical explanation of succession.
2.18.6	3	mythic	high	Ὀρέστου δὲ ἀποθανόντος ἔσχε Τισαμενὸς τὴν ἀρχήν, Ἑρμιόνης τῆς Μενελάου καὶ Ὀρέστου παῖς.	After the death of Orestes, Tisamenus, the son of Orestes and Hermione, Menelaus' daughter, obtained the kingship.	Orestes and Tisamenus belong to mythic dynastic genealogy and succession.
2.18.6	4	mythic	high	τὸν δὲ Ὀρέστου νόθον Πενθίλον Κιναίθων ἔγραψεν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν Ἠριγόνην τὴν Αἰγίσθου τεκεῖν.	As for Orestes' illegitimate son, Penthilus, Cinaethon wrote in his poetry that Erigone, the daughter of Aegisthus, was his mother.	A genealogy involving Orestes, Aegisthus, and Erigone belongs to mythic legend.
2.18.7	1	mythic	high	ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Τισαμενοῦ τούτου κατίασιν ἐς Πελοπόννησον Ἡρακλεῖδαι, Τήμενος μὲν καὶ Κρεσφόντης Ἀριστομάχου, τοῦ τρίτου δὲ Ἀριστοδήμου προτεθνεῶτος εἵποντο οἱ παῖδες.	In the reign of this Tisamenus the Heracleidae came down into the Peloponnese, that is, Temenus and Cresphontes the sons of Aristomachus, and the children of Aristodemus, the third brother, who had already died.	Heracleidae's return to the Peloponnese is a mythic/legendary event.
2.18.7	2	mythic	high	Ἄργους μὲν δὴ καὶ τῆς ἐν Ἄργει βασιλείας ὀρθότατα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἠμφισβήτουν, ὅτι ἦν Πελοπίδης ὁ Τισαμενός, οἱ δὲ Ἡρακλεῖδαι τὸ ἀνέκαθέν εἰσι Περσεῖδαι·	They made a truly just claim, it seems to me, to Argos and the royal authority therein; for Tisamenus was a Pelopid, whereas the Heracleidae, on the other hand, were originally Perseids.	Discusses Argive royal succession through Heracleidae, Perseids, and Tisamenus, which is mythic genealogy.
2.18.7	3	mythic	high	Τυνδάρεω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκπεσόντα ἀπέφαινον ὑπὸ Ἱπποκόωντος, Ἡρακλέα δὲ ἔφασαν ἀποκτείναντα Ἱπποκόωντα καὶ τοὺς παῖδας παρακαταθέσθαι Τυνδάρεῳ τὴν χώραν·	They pointed out, moreover, that Tyndareus himself had once been driven out by Hippocoon, and that Heracles, after killing Hippocoon and his sons, had entrusted the country to Tyndareus as a sacred trust.	Mentions Heracles killing Hippocoon and assigning the land to Tyndareus, which is a mythic event affecting the landscape/political possession.
2.18.7	4	mythic	high	τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς Μεσσηνίας ἕτερα ἔλεγον, παρακαταθήκην Νέστορι δοθῆναι καὶ ταύτην ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους ἑλόντος Πύλον.	Similarly they asserted different claims regarding Messenia, that it had also been left as a trust with Nestor after Heracles had conquered Pylos.	Refers to Heracles conquering Pylos and Nestor's trust in Messenia, a mythic tradition.
2.18.8	1	mythic	high	ἐκβάλλουσιν οὖν ἐκ μὲν Λακεδαίμονος καὶ Ἄργους Τισαμενόν, ἐκ δὲ τῆς Μεσσηνίας τοὺς Νέστορος ἀπογόνους, Ἀλκμαίωνα Σίλλου τοῦ Θρασυμήδους καὶ Πεισίστρατον τὸν Πεισιστράτου καὶ τοὺς Παίονος τοῦ Ἀντιλόχου παῖδας, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς Μέλανθον τὸν Ἀνδροπόμπου τοῦ Βώρου τοῦ Πενθίλου τοῦ Περικλυμένου.	Thus they expelled Tisamenus from Lacedaemon and Argos, and from Messenia they drove out the descendants of Nestor—Alcmaeon, son of Sillus, the son of Thrasymedes; Peisistratus, son of Peisistratus; and the sons of Paeon, son of Antilochus; and with them Melanthus, son of Andropompus, son of Borus, son of Penthilus, son of Periclymenus.	Genealogical expulsion of descendants of Nestor and related heroic figures belongs to mythic-historical tradition, not post-500 BC history.
2.18.8	2	historical	medium	Τισαμενὸς μὲν οὖν ἦλθε σὺν τῇ στρατιᾷ καὶ οἱ παῖδες ἐς τὴν νῦν Ἀχαΐαν·	Consequently, Tisamenus and his sons departed with their army to the region now called Achaia.	Refers to Tisamenus and his sons departing with an army to Achaia, a post-heroic historical/migration account rather than mythic geography.
2.18.9	1	historical	high	οἱ δὲ Νηλεῖδαι πλὴν Πεισιστράτου---τοῦτον γὰρ οὐκ οἶδα παρʼ οὕστινας ἀπεχώρησεν---ἐς Ἀθήνας ἀφίκοντο οἱ λοιποί, καὶ τὸ Παιονιδῶν γένος καὶ Ἀλκμαιωνιδῶν ἀπὸ τούτων ὠνομάσθησαν.	The Neleids, except for Peisistratus—for him I do not know to whom he withdrew—came to Athens, and from these the family of the Paionidae and that of the Alcmaeonidae were named.	Refers to an ancestral migration and later family naming in Athens, a historical/antiquarian genealogy rather than mythic event.
2.18.9	2	historical	high	Μέλανθος δὲ καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔσχεν ἀφελόμενος Θυμοίτην τὸν Ὀξύντου· Θυμοίτης γὰρ Θησειδῶν ἔσχατος ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀθηναίων.	Melanthus took the kingship by depriving Thymoites, son of Oxyntes, of it; for Thymoites was the last of the line of Theseus to reign over the Athenians.	Describes the transfer of the Athenian kingship to Melanthus and Thymoites as the last ruler in the Theseid line, a dynastic-political event rather than a mythic episode.