Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 2.23

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2.23.1 1 other high ἐντεῦθεν ἐρχομένοις ὁδὸν καλουμένην Κοίλην ναός ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ Διονύσου· τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα εἶναι λέγουσιν ἐξ Εὐβοίας. From here, as you proceed along the road known as Koile, there is a temple to Dionysus on the right-hand side; they say the statue is from Euboea. A route description of a temple and statue provenance; no event is narrated.
2.23.1 2 mythic high συμβάσης γὰρ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ὡς ἐκομίζοντο ἐξ Ἰλίου, τῆς πρὸς τῷ Καφηρεῖ ναυαγίας, τοὺς δυνηθέντας ἐς τὴν γῆν διαφυγεῖν τῶν Ἀργείων ῥῖγός τε πιέζει καὶ λιμός. For as the Greeks were returning from Troy, a shipwreck occurred near Cape Caphereus: after those Argives who managed to escape to land had reached shore, they were afflicted by cold and hunger. Describes the Greek homeward voyage from Troy and the shipwreck at Cape Caphereus, a mythic post-Trojan event affecting the landscape.
2.23.1 3 mythic high εὐξαμένοις δὲ θεῶν τινα ἐν τοῖς παροῦσιν ἀπόροις γενέσθαι σωτῆρα, αὐτίκα ὡς προῄεσαν ἐφάνη σφίσι Διονύσου σπήλαιον, καὶ ἄγαλμα ἦν ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ τοῦ θεοῦ· When they prayed to the gods for help in their present desperate situation, immediately as they advanced, a cave of Dionysus appeared to them, and within the cave was a statue of the god. A divine manifestation (Dionysus' cave and statue) in response to prayer is a mythic event shaping the landscape.
2.23.1 4 other high τότε δὲ αἶγες ἄγριαι φεύγουσαι τὸν χειμῶνα ἐς αὐτὸ ἦσαν ἠθροισμέναι. At that time wild goats, fleeing from the winter, had gathered inside. Purely descriptive wildlife observation with no mythic or historical event.
2.23.1 5 mythic medium ταύτας οἱ Ἀργεῖοι σφάξαντες τά τε κρέα ἐδείπνησαν καὶ δέρμασιν ἐχρήσαντο ἀντὶ ἐσθῆτος. The Argives slaughtered these goats, feasted upon the meat, and used the skins as clothing. Argives slaughtering goats and using their skins reflects a mythic etiological episode affecting local custom.
2.23.1 6 mythic high ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁ χειμὼν ἐπαύσατο καὶ ἐπισκευάσαντες τὰς ναῦς οἴκαδε ἐκομίζοντο, ἐπάγονται τὸ ἐκ τοῦ σπηλαίου ξόανον· Once the storm had ceased and they repaired their ships and sailed again toward their homes, they took with them the wooden image from the cave. The taking of a wooden image from a cave belongs to a mythic episode and concerns a cult object from the story.
2.23.2 1 mythic high καὶ διατελοῦσιν ἐς τόδε τιμῶντες ἔτι. And they continue even to this day to pay him honors. Describes ongoing cult honors to a figure associated with mythic tradition, not a post-500 BC historical event.
2.23.2 2 mythic high τοῦ Διονύσου δὲ ἐγγυτάτω οἰκίαν ὄψει τὴν Ἀδράστου καὶ ἀπωτέρω ταύτης ἱερὸν Ἀμφιαράου καὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ πέραν Ἐριφύλης μνῆμα. Closest to the temple of Dionysus you will see the house of Adrastus, and farther from it is a sanctuary of Amphiaraus, and beyond this sanctuary the tomb of Eriphyle. Names mythic figures and their associated sanctuary/tomb in the landscape.
2.23.2 3 other high ἑξῆς δὲ τούτων ἐστὶν Ἀσκληπιοῦ τέμενος καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἱερὸν Βάτωνος. Next to these places there is a sacred precinct of Asclepius, and after that a temple of Baton. A simple topographical/architectural description of sanctuaries in sequence, with no event or myth/historical narrative.
2.23.2 4 mythic high ἦν δὲ ὁ Βάτων γένους Ἀμφιαράῳ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τῶν Μελαμποδιδῶν καὶ ἐς μάχην ἐξιόντι ἡνιόχει τοὺς ἵππους. This Baton was of the same lineage as Amphiaraus, belonging to the family of Melampus, and served as charioteer for the horses as Amphiaraus went forth into battle. Amphiaraus and the Melampodids are mythic figures; the sentence concerns mythic genealogy and a battle role.
2.23.2 5 mythic high γενομένης δὲ τῆς τροπῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ Θηβαίων τείχους χάσμα γῆς Ἀμφιάραον καὶ τὸ ἅρμα ὑποδεξάμενον ἠφάνισεν ὁμοῦ καὶ τοῦτον τὸν Βάτωνα. Now when the defeat occurred, a chasm in the earth opened near the wall of Thebes, which swallowed up Amphiaraus along with his chariot and at the same time caused this Baton also to vanish. Describes Amphiaraus being swallowed by the earth, a mythic event affecting the landscape near Thebes.
2.23.3 1 mythic medium ἐπανιόντι δὲ ἐκ τῆς Κοίλης Ὑρνηθοῦς τάφον λέγουσιν εἶναι. On returning from Koile, they say there is a tomb of Hyrnetho. Hyrnetho is a mythic figure, and the tomb is presented as a landscape feature tied to myth.
2.23.3 2 other high εἰ μὲν δὴ κενὸν καὶ ἄλλως ἐς μνήμην τῆς γυναικός, εἰκότα λέγουσιν· Now, if they mean it is empty and erected simply as a memorial to the woman, they speak plausibly; A descriptive remark about a memorial and its possible meaning, not a mythic or historical event.
2.23.3 3 other high εἰ δὲ τῆς Ὑρνηθοῦς κεῖσθαι τὸν νεκρὸν νομίζουσιν ἐνταῦθα, ἐγὼ μέν σφισιν οὐ πείθομαι, but if they believe that the body of Hyrnetho lies buried here, then I for my part do not trust them; A skeptical remark about a reported burial location; it is antiquarian/topographical rather than a mythic or historical event.
2.23.3 4 other high πειθέσθω δὲ ὅστις τὰ Ἐπιδαυρίων οὐ πέπυσται. yet let anyone who has not learned the traditions of the Epidaurians accept their belief. A general statement about the Epidaurians' traditions and belief, not an event.
2.23.4 1 other high τὸ δʼ ἐπιφανέστατον Ἀργείοις τῶν Ἀσκληπιείων ἄγαλμα ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔχει καθήμενον Ἀσκληπιὸν λίθου λευκοῦ, καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἕστηκεν Ὑγεία· κάθηνται δὲ καὶ οἱ ποιήσαντες τὰ ἀγάλματα Ξενόφιλος καὶ Στράτων. The most famous of the statues of Asclepius among the Argives in our day depicts Asclepius seated and is made of white stone. Describes a cult statue’s appearance and material, not a mythic or historical event.
2.23.4 2 mythic medium ἐξ ἀρχῆς δὲ ἱδρύσατο Σφῦρος τὸ ἱερόν, Μαχάονος μὲν υἱός, ἀδελφὸς δὲ Ἀλεξάνορος τοῦ παρὰ Σικυωνίοις ἐν Τιτάνῃ τιμὰς ἔχοντος. Beside him stands Hygieia, and also seated are the makers of these statues, Xenophilus and Straton. Mentions the shrine’s original foundation by Sphyrus, a son of Machaon, placing it in a mythic genealogical context.
2.23.5 1 other high τῆς δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος τῆς Φεραίας---σέβουσι γὰρ καὶ Ἀργεῖοι Φεραίαν Ἄρτεμιν κατὰ ταὐτὰ Ἀθηναίοις καὶ Σικυωνίοις---τὸ ἄγαλμα καὶ οὗτοί φασιν ἐκ Φερῶν τῶν ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ κομισθῆναι. Concerning Artemis Pheraia—for the Argives also worship Artemis of Pherai, just as the Athenians and Sicyonians do—they likewise claim that the statue was brought from Pherai in Thessaly. Antiquarian note about cult statue provenance and worship, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
2.23.5 2 mythic high τάδε δὲ αὐτοῖς οὐχ ὁμολογῶ· λέγουσι γὰρ Ἀργεῖοι Δηιανείρας ἐν Ἄργει μνῆμα εἶναι τῆς Οἰνέως τό τε Ἑλένου τοῦ Πριάμου, καὶ ἄγαλμα κεῖσθαι παρὰ σφίσιν Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἐκκομισθὲν ἐξ Ἰλίου καὶ ἁλῶναι ποιῆσαν Ἴλιον. However, I cannot agree with some of their claims; for the Argives also say that in Argos there is the tomb of Deianeira daughter of Oeneus, as well as that of Helenus son of Priam, and that they have among them the statue of Athena which was carried off from Troy and whose removal caused Troy's capture. The sentence concerns tombs of mythic figures and the Athena statue taken from Troy, including its role in Troy's capture.
2.23.5 3 mythic high τὸ μὲν δὴ Παλλάδιον---καλεῖται γὰρ οὕτω---δῆλόν ἐστιν ἐς Ἰταλίαν κομισθὲν ὑπὸ Αἰνείου· But this Palladion—as it is called—is clearly known to have been brought by Aeneas to Italy. Refers to Aeneas and the Palladion, a mythic انتقال to Italy.
2.23.5 4 mythic high Δηιανείρᾳ δὲ τὴν τελευτὴν περὶ Τραχῖνα ἴσμεν καὶ οὐκ ἐν Ἄργει γενομένην, καὶ ἔστιν ὁ τάφος αὐτῇ πλησίον Ἡρακλείας τῆς ὑπὸ τῇ Οἴτῃ. Furthermore, we know that Deianeira died near Trachis and not at Argos, and her tomb is situated near Herakleia beneath Mount Oite. Deianeira is a mythic figure, and the sentence concerns her death and tomb, i.e. mythic event and its landscape impact.
2.23.6 1 mythic high τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἕλενον τὸν Πριάμου δεδήλωκεν ὁ λόγος ἤδη μοι, μετὰ Πύρρου τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν ἐς Ἤπειρον καὶ ἐπιτροπεῦσαί τε τοὺς Πύρρου παῖδας συνοικοῦντα Ἀνδρομάχῃ καὶ τὴν Κεστρίνην καλουμένην ἀπὸ Κεστρίνου τοῦ Ἑλένου λαβεῖν τὸ ὄνομα. The tradition concerning Helenus, the son of Priam, has already been explained by me: that he went with Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, to Epirus, served as guardian of Pyrrhus' children while living together with Andromache, and that the region called Cestrine derived its name from Helenus's son Cestrinus. Relates the post-Trojan hero Helenus, Pyrrhus, and Andromache, and explains a place-name from their mythic aftermath.
2.23.6 2 other high οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ αὐτῶν λέληθεν Ἀργείων τοὺς ἐξηγητὰς ὅτι μὴ πάντα ἐπʼ ἀληθείᾳ λέγεταί σφισι, λέγουσι δὲ ὅμως· οὐ γάρ τι ἕτοιμον μεταπεῖσαι τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐναντία ὧν δοξάζουσιν. Nevertheless, even the Argive guides themselves are aware that not everything they are saying is true; however, they continue to relate it nonetheless, for it is by no means easy to persuade the majority away from the opinions they already hold. Meta-comment on guides’ truthfulness and local tradition, not a mythic event or historical event.
2.23.7 1 other high ἄλλα δέ ἐστιν Ἀργείοις θέας ἄξια· The Argives possess other sights worthy of viewing. A general descriptive statement about noteworthy sights in Argos, with no specific mythic or historical event.
2.23.7 2 mythic high κατάγαιον οἰκοδόμημα, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δὲ ἦν ὁ χαλκοῦς θάλαμος, ὃν Ἀκρίσιός ποτε ἐπὶ φρουρᾷ τῆς θυγατρὸς ἐποίησε· An underground structure; upon it formerly stood the bronze chamber that Acrisius had made to guard his daughter. Refers to Acrisius and Danae's bronze chamber, a mythic event affecting the landscape.
2.23.7 3 historical high Περίλαος δὲ καθεῖλεν αὐτὸν τυραννήσας. But Perilaus demolished it when he gained power as a tyrant. Refers to a tyrant's later demolition of a structure; this is post-500 BC historical action affecting the landscape.
2.23.7 4 mythic high τοῦτό τε οὖν τὸ οἰκοδόμημά ἐστι καὶ Κροτώπου μνῆμα καὶ Διονύσου ναὸς Κρησίου. This same edifice is also the tomb of Crotopus and the temple of Dionysus Cresius. Names Crotopus and Dionysus Cresius, tying the building to mythic figures and cultic mythic tradition.
2.23.7 5 mythic high Περσεῖ γὰρ πολεμήσαντα αὐτὸν καὶ αὖθις ἐλθόντα ἐς λύσιν τοῦ ἔχθους τά τε ἄλλα τιμηθῆναι μεγάλως λέγουσιν ὑπὸ Ἀργείων καὶ τέμενός οἱ δοθῆναι τοῦτο ἐξαίρετον· For they say that Dionysus, after waging war against Perseus and later returning to seek reconciliation of their feud, was greatly honored by the Argives in various ways, and that this remarkable precinct was allotted to him. Dionysus and Perseus are mythic figures, and the sentence describes a mythic conflict and cult allocation.
2.23.8 1 mythic high Κρησίου δὲ ὕστερον ὠνομάσθη, διότι Ἀριάδνην ἀποθανοῦσαν ἔθαψεν ἐνταῦθα. Later the place was named Cretan, because Ariadne, at her death, was buried there. Ariadne’s death and burial are mythic events explaining the place-name.
2.23.8 2 mythic high Λυκέας δὲ λέγει κατασκευαζομένου δεύτερον τοῦ ναοῦ κεραμέαν εὑρεθῆναι σορόν, εἶναι δὲ Ἀριάδνης αὐτήν· Lyceas says that, while the temple was being reconstructed for a second time, an earthen coffin was discovered, and this coffin was identified as that of Ariadne. The sentence reports a legendary identification of a coffin as Ariadne’s, tied to mythic figure and temple reconstruction.
2.23.8 3 other high καὶ αὐτός τε καὶ ἄλλους Ἀργείων ἰδεῖν ἔφη τὴν σορόν. He himself declared that he, along with other Argives, had seen the coffin. A report of seeing a coffin is descriptive/antiquarian, not a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
2.23.8 4 other high πλησίον δὲ τοῦ Διονύσου καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ναός ἐστιν Οὐρανίας. Near the temple of Dionysus there is also a temple of Aphrodite Urania. This is a simple topographical description of nearby temples, not a mythic or historical event.