Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 2.30

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
2.30.1 1 other high ναοὶ δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἀλλήλων ἀφεστηκότες ὁ μὲν Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστιν, ὁ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδος, Διονύσῳ δὲ αὐτῶν ὁ τρίτος. Not far separated from each other are three temples: one is of Apollo, one of Artemis, and the third of Dionysus. Purely topographical/descriptive: it identifies the nearby temples and their dedications without narrating a mythic or historical event.
2.30.1 2 other high Ἀπόλλωνι μὲν δὴ ξόανον γυμνόν ἐστι τέχνης τῆς ἐπιχωρίου, τῇ δὲ Ἀρτέμιδί ἐστιν ἐσθής, κατὰ ταὐτὰ δὲ καὶ τῷ Διονύσῳ· In Apollo's temple there is a wooden image, naked, of local workmanship. Describes temple cult images and local workmanship, a descriptive antiquarian detail rather than mythic or historical event.
2.30.1 3 other high καὶ γένεια Διόνυσος ἔχων πεποίηται. Artemis is clothed, as is likewise Dionysus; Dionysus is also represented with a beard. A descriptive note about how Dionysus is depicted, not a mythic event or historical occurrence.
2.30.1 4 other high τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἔστι μὲν ἑτέρωθι καὶ οὐ ταύτῃ, λίθου δὲ ἄγαλμα καθήμενον. The sanctuary of Asclepius is elsewhere, not in this place, and contains a seated statue of stone. Purely descriptive note about the sanctuary's location and statue; no mythic or historical event.
2.30.2 1 mythic high θεῶν δὲ Αἰγινῆται τιμῶσιν Ἑκάτην μάλιστα καὶ τελετὴν ἄγουσιν ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος Ἑκάτης, Ὀρφέα σφίσι τὸν Θρᾷκα καταστήσασθαι τὴν τελετὴν λέγοντες. Of the gods, the Aeginetans honor especially Hecate, and celebrate annually a rite in her honor, saying that Orpheus the Thracian was the one who instituted this celebration for them. The sentence attributes a ritual’s origin to Orpheus, a mythic figure, and concerns cult practice tied to Hecate.
2.30.2 2 other high τοῦ περιβόλου δὲ ἐντὸς ναός ἐστι, ξόανον δὲ ἔργον Μύρωνος , ὁμοίως ἓν πρόσωπόν τε καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν σῶμα. Within the enclosure is a temple, and the wooden image there is a work of Myron; it has one face and a single body. Describes a temple and cult image with artistic attribution; purely descriptive/antiquarian, not an event.
2.30.2 3 other high Ἀλκαμένης δὲ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν πρῶτος ἀγάλματα Ἑκάτης τρία ἐποίησε προσεχόμενα ἀλλήλοις, ἣν Ἀθηναῖοι καλοῦσιν Ἐπιπυργιδίαν· ἕστηκε δὲ παρὰ τῆς Ἀπτέρου Νίκης τὸν ναόν. Alcamenes, in my opinion, first fashioned images of Hecate as three figures joined to one another, which the Athenians call Epipyrgidia ("On the Tower"); this stands beside the temple of Wingless Victory. Describes a cult statue and its location beside a temple; this is antiquarian/topographical, not a mythic event or historical event.
2.30.3 1 mythic high ἐν Αἰγίνῃ δὲ πρὸς τὸ ὄρος τοῦ Πανελληνίου Διὸς ἰοῦσιν, ἔστιν Ἀφαίας ἱερόν, ἐς ἣν καὶ Πίνδαρος ᾆσμα Αἰγινήταις ἐποίησε. In Aegina, as one goes toward the mountain of Panhellenian Zeus, there is a sanctuary of Aphaea, for whom Pindar composed an ode for the Aeginetans. A sanctuary of Aphaea concerns a mythic cult site and deity, with landscape defined by the sacred setting.
2.30.3 2 mythic high φασὶ δὲ οἱ Κρῆτες--- τούτοις γάρ ἐστι τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν ἐπιχώρια---Καρμάνορος τοῦ καθήραντος Ἀπόλλωνα ἐπὶ φόνῳ τῶ Πύθωνος παῖδα Εὔβουλον εἶναι, Διὸς δὲ καὶ Κάρμης τῆς Εὐβούλου Βριτόμαρτιν γενέσθαι· But the Cretans say—for the story concerning her is local to them—that Euboulos was a son of Carmanor, who cleansed Apollo after the killing of Python, and that Britomartis was the daughter of Zeus and Carme, the daughter of Euboulos. Genealogical myth about Apollo, Python, Zeus, and Britomartis.
2.30.3 3 mythic high χαίρειν δὲ αὐτὴν δρόμοις τε καὶ θήραις καὶ Ἀρτέμιδι μάλιστα φίλην εἶναι· Μίνω δὲ ἐρασθέντα φεύγουσα ἔρριψεν ἑαυτὴν ἐς δίκτυα ἀφειμένα ἐπʼ ἰχθύων θήρᾳ. They say that she delighted in running and hunting and was especially beloved by Artemis; and that, fleeing from Minos, who loved her, she threw herself into nets spread out for fishing. Mentions Minos, Artemis, and a legendary flight into fishing nets; this is mythic narrative and landscape impact.
2.30.3 4 mythic high ταύτην μὲν θεὸν ἐποίησεν Ἄρτεμις, σέβουσι δὲ οὐ Κρῆτες μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ Αἰγινῆται, λέγοντες φαίνεσθαί σφισιν ἐν τῇ νήσῳ τὴν Βριτόμαρτιν. Artemis made her a goddess, and she is honored not only by the Cretans but also by the Aeginetans, who claim that Britomartis appeared to them on their island. Britomartis is a mythic figure and the sentence describes her deification and legendary appearance on Aegina.
2.30.3 5 mythic high ἐπίκλησις δέ οἱ παρά τε Αἰγινήταις ἐστὶν Ἀφαία καὶ Δίκτυννα ἐν Κρήτῃ. Her title among the Aeginetans is Aphaea, and in Crete Dictynna. Mentions divine epithets Aphaea and Dictynna, which are mythic/cultic names rather than historical or purely geographical material.
2.30.4 1 other high τὸ δὲ Πανελλήνιον, ὅτι μὴ τοῦ Διὸς τὸ ἱερόν, ἄλλο τὸ ὄρος ἀξιόλογον εἶχεν οὐδέν. The Panhellenion mountain had nothing noteworthy apart from the sanctuary of Zeus. Purely descriptive/topographical statement about the mountain and sanctuary, with no mythic or historical event.
2.30.4 2 mythic high τοῦτο δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν λέγουσιν Αἰακὸν ποιῆσαι τῷ Διί· This sanctuary, they say, was established by Aeacus for Zeus. Attributes the sanctuary's founding to Aeacus, a mythic figure.
2.30.4 3 mythic high τὰ δὲ ἐς τὴν Αὐξησίαν καὶ Δαμίαν, ὡς οὐχ ὗεν ὁ θεὸς Ἐπιδαυρίοις, ὡς τὰ ξόανα ταῦτα ἐκ μαντείας ἐποιήσαντο ἐλαίας παρʼ Ἀθηναίων λαβόντες, ὡς Ἐπιδαύριοι μὲν οὐκ ἀπέφερον ἔτι Ἀθηναίοις ἃ ἐτάξαντο οἷα Αἰγινητῶν ἐχόντων τὰ ἀγάλματα, Ἀθηναίων δὲ ἀπώλοντο οἱ διαβάντες διὰ ταῦτα ἐς Αἴγιναν, ταῦτα εἰπόντος Ἡροδότου καθʼ ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἐπʼ ἀκριβὲς οὔ μοι γράφειν κατὰ γνώμην ἦν εὖ προειρημένα, Regarding the tale of Auxesia and Damia—that the god withheld rain from the Epidaurians, that they carved these wooden figures upon receiving an oracle, obtaining the olive-wood from the Athenians; that afterward the Epidaurians ceased sending the agreed offerings to Athens when the images came into the possession of the Aeginetans; and that because of this dispute Athenians who crossed over into Aegina perished—since Herodotus has clearly described all these matters in detail, I do not feel it necessary to write further on points which have been well stated already. The sentence summarizes a mythic aetiological tale about divine withholding of rain, oracle-made images, and the deaths linked to the Auxesia and Damia story.
2.30.4 4 other high πλὴν τοσοῦτό γε ὅτι εἶδόν τε τὰ ἀγάλματα καὶ ἔθυσά σφισι κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ἐλευσῖνι θύειν νομίζουσιν. I will only add this much: I myself saw the images, and I sacrificed to them according to the same rites which they observe at Eleusis. Describes the speaker's own observation and ritual practice at the site, with no mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
2.30.5 1 mythic high Αἰγίνης μὲν δὴ Αἰακοῦ ἕνεκα καὶ ἔργων ὁπόσα ἀπεδείξατο ἐς τοσόνδε ἔστω μνήμη· So much then for Aegina, commemorated thus far on account of Aeacus and the deeds he accomplished. Refers to Aeacus and his deeds, a mythic figure and mythic material tied to Aegina.
2.30.5 2 other high τῆς δὲ Ἐπιδαυρίας ἔχονται Τροιζήνιοι, σεμνύνοντες εἴπερ καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς τὰ ἐγχώρια· Next to Epidauria lie the lands of the Troizenians, who proudly uphold their local traditions as much as any others do. Purely geographical and descriptive: it identifies the Troizenians' territory next to Epidauria and notes local traditions.
2.30.5 3 mythic high φασὶ δὲ Ὦρον γενέσθαι σφίσιν ἐν τῇ γῆ πρῶτον. They assert that in their land Horus was first born. Birth of Horus is a mythic event and concerns a deity's origin.
2.30.5 4 other high ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν Αἰγύπτιον φαίνεται καὶ οὐδαμῶς Ἑλληνικὸν ὄνομα Ὦρος εἶναι· But to me the name Horus seems clearly Egyptian and in no way Greek. A linguistic/antiquarian remark about a name's origin, not a mythic or historical event.
2.30.5 5 mythic high βασιλεῦσαι δʼ οὖν φασιν αὐτὸν καὶ Ὠραίαν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καλεῖσθαι τὴν γῆν, Ἄλθηπον δὲ Ποσειδῶνος παῖδα καὶ Ληίδος τῆς Ὤρου, παραλαβόντα μετὰ Ὦρον τὴν ἀρχήν, Ἀλθηπίαν ὀνομάσαι τὴν γῆν. Nevertheless, they say that he ruled as king, and from him their country was named Oraia (Horeia); and afterwards Althepus, son of Poseidon and Leïs, daughter of Horus, shared the sovereignty with Horus and renamed the land Althepia. Names a land after kingly figures with divine parentage; this is mythic etiology rather than historical or merely descriptive.
2.30.6 1 mythic high ἐπὶ τούτου βασιλεύοντος Ἀθηνᾶν καὶ Ποσειδῶνα ἀμφισβητῆσαι λέγουσι περὶ τῆς χώρας, ἀμφισβητήσαντας δὲ ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ· προστάξαι γὰρ οὕτω Δία σφίσι. They say that during this king's reign Athena and Poseidon disputed about the possession of the land, and after their dispute they held it in common, for such was Zeus' command. Describes the mythic contest between Athena and Poseidon for the land, a foundational myth affecting the territory.
2.30.6 2 other high καὶ διὰ τοῦτο Ἀθηνᾶν τε σέβουσι Πολιάδα καὶ Σθενιάδα ὀνομάζοντες τὴν αὐτὴν καὶ Ποσειδῶνα Βασιλέα ἐπίκλησιν· For this reason they worship Athena calling her both Polias ("Guardian of the City") and Stheniad, although she is the same goddess, and likewise Poseidon with the surname King. A cultic/antiquarian statement about local divine epithets and worship, not a mythic event or historical event.
2.30.6 3 other high καὶ δὴ καὶ νόμισμα αὐτοῖς τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἐπίσημα ἔχει τρίαιναν καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς πρόσωπον. Indeed, the ancient coinage of the Athenians had as its emblem both a trident and the face of Athena. Describes ancient coinage and its emblems; antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical event.
2.30.7 1 historical high μετὰ δὲ Ἄλθηπον Σάρων ἐβασίλευσεν. After Althepus, Saron reigned. A dynastic reign notice belongs to post-mythic historical/antiquarian genealogy.
2.30.7 2 mythic medium ἔλεγον δὲ ὅτι οὗτος τῇ Σαρωνίδι τὸ ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδι ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ τελματώδει καὶ ἐπιπολῆς μᾶλλον, ὥστε καὶ Φοιβαία λίμνη διὰ τοῦτο ἐκαλεῖτο. It is said that Saron built the sanctuary dedicated to Artemis called Saronis by a marshy sea, a place more like a pool than open water, which for this reason was called Phoibaea Lake. Eponymous sanctuary foundation linked to Saron is a legendary/etiological tradition affecting place names.
2.30.7 3 mythic high Σάρωνα δὲ---θηρεύειν γὰρ δὴ μάλιστα ᾕρητο---κατέλαβεν ἔλαφον διώκοντα ἐς θάλασσαν συνεσπεσεῖν φευγούσῃ· Saron—who was passionately devoted to hunting—one day chased a hind, and when it fled into the sea, he rushed in after it. A legendary aetiological chase and plunge into the sea; the naming story belongs to mythic landscape lore.
2.30.7 4 mythic high καὶ ἥ τε ἔλαφος ἐνήχετο ἀπωτέρω τῆς γῆς καὶ ὁ Σάρων εἴχετο τῆς ἄγρας, ἐς ὃ ὑπὸ προθυμίας ἀφίκετο ἐς τὸ πέλαγος· The deer swam further and further from land, and Saron, not relinquishing the quarry, followed so eagerly that he was soon carried far out into the open water. This is part of the Saron myth explaining the landscape feature named for him.
2.30.7 5 mythic medium ἤδη δὲ κάμνοντα αὐτὸν καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων κατακλυζόμενον ἐπέλαβε τὸ χρεών. Finally, exhausted and overwhelmed by the waves, he met his destined end. Refers to a destined death by the waves, which belongs to mythic narrative rather than historical or descriptive material.
2.30.7 6 mythic high ἐκπεσόντα δὲ τὸν νεκρὸν κατὰ τὴν Φοιβαίαν λίμνην ἐς τὸ ἄλσος τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος ἐντὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ περιβόλου θάπτουσι. His body was washed ashore at Phoibaea Lake and there they buried him in the grove of Artemis within the enclosure of her sanctuary. The burial of a mythic corpse at a lake and sanctuary grove is the landscape consequence of a mythic event.
2.30.7 7 other high καὶ λίμνην ἀπὸ τούτου Σαρωνίδα τὴν ταύτῃ θάλασσαν καλοῦσιν ἀντὶ Φοιβαίας. From that time onwards, they called the stretch of sea at that place the Saronic Gulf, instead of Phoibaea Lake. Purely geographical/naming note about a sea area; no mythic or historical event.
2.30.8 1 mythic high τοὺς δὲ ὕστερον βασιλεύσαντας οὐκ ἴσασιν ἄχρι Ὑπέρητος καὶ Ἄνθα· Of those who reigned afterward, they do not know the names until we come to Hyperes and Anthas. Lists early rulers in a mythical genealogy before historical times.
2.30.8 2 mythic high τούτους δὲ εἶναι Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Ἀλκυόνης Ἄτλαντος θυγατρός, καὶ πόλεις αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ φασὶν Ὑπέρειάν τε καὶ Ἄνθειαν οἰκίσαι· These, they say, were sons of Poseidon and Alcyone, daughter of Atlas, and founded cities within the land, Hypereia and Antheia. Names divine ancestry and city-foundation by mythic figures, so this is mythic material.
2.30.8 3 other high Ἀέτιον δὲ τὸν Ἄνθα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ θείου παραλαβόντα τὴν ἀρχὴν τὴν ἑτέραν τῶν πόλεων Ποσειδωνιάδα ὀνομάσαι. When Aëtius, the son of Anthas, received authority from his father and uncle, he renamed one of these cities Poseidonia. A naming/renaming notice about a city is antiquarian and descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
2.30.8 4 mythic high Τροίζηνος δὲ καὶ Πιτθέως παρὰ Ἀέτιον ἐλθόντων βασιλεῖς μὲν τρεῖς ἀντὶ ἑνὸς ἐγένοντο, ἴσχυον δὲ οἱ παῖδες μᾶλλον οἱ Πέλοπος. After Troezen and Pittheus came to Aëtius, there were three kings instead of one, but the sons of Pelops possessed the greater power. Refers to Pelops' sons and an early dynastic change in kingship, part of legendary mythic history.
2.30.9 1 mythic high σημεῖον δέ· ἀποθανόντος γὰρ Τροίζηνος Πιτθεὺς ἐς τὴν νῦν πόλιν συναγαγὼν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ὠνόμασεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Τροίζηνα, συλλαβὼν Ὑπέρειάν τε καὶ Ἄνθ ει αν. There is clear evidence of this: after Troezen had died, Pittheus gathered the people into the present city and named it Troezen after his brother, bringing together Hypereia and Antheia. Refers to Pittheus naming the city after his brother Troezen, a legendary founder-figure and a mythic etiological account.
2.30.9 2 historical medium πολλοῖς δὲ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον ἐς ἀποικίαν ἐκ Τροιζῆνος σταλέντες Ἁλικαρνασσὸν ἐν τῇ Καρίᾳ καὶ Μύνδον ἀπῴκισαν οἱ γεγονότες ἀπʼ Ἀετίου τοῦ Ἄνθα. Many years afterward, descendants of Aëtius, the son of Anthas, were sent as colonists from Troezen, and founded Halicarnassus and Myndus in Caria. Colonization and founding of cities are later historical events, not mythic narrative.
2.30.9 3 mythic high Τροίζηνος δὲ οἱ παῖδες Ἀνάφλυστος καὶ Σφῆττος μετοικοῦσιν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικήν, καὶ οἱ δῆμοι τὰ ὀνόματα ἔχουσιν ἀπὸ τούτων. The sons of Troezen, Anaphlystos and Sphettos, migrated into Attica, and the demes there derive their names from them. Aetiological migration tale explaining deme names from Troezen's sons.
2.30.9 4 mythic high τὰ δὲ ἐς Θησέα θυγατριδοῦν Πιτθέως εἰδόσι τὰ ἐς αὐτὸν οὐ γράφω, δεῖ δέ με τοσόνδε ἔτι δηλῶσαι. As for matters connected with Theseus, who was the grandson of Pittheus through his daughter, I shall not record them, as they are well known to those familiar with his story; but I must add only this much more. The sentence refers to Theseus, a mythic figure, and explicitly declines to recount his well-known mythic matters.
2.30.10 1 mythic high Ἡρακλειδῶν γὰρ κατελθόντων ἐδέξαντο καὶ οἱ Τροιζήνιοι συνοίκους Δωριέων τῶν ἐξ Ἄργους καὶ πρότερον ἔτι Ἀργείων ὄντες κατήκοοι· For when the Heracleidae returned, the Troizenians also welcomed as fellow inhabitants Dorians from Argos, having previously been obedient subjects to the Argives. Refers to the return of the Heracleidae, a mythic event affecting settlement history.
2.30.10 2 mythic high καὶ σφᾶς καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν καταλόγῳ φησὶν ὑπὸ Διομήδους ἄρχεσθαι. Indeed, even Homer places them in the Catalogue under the command of Diomedes. Refers to Homeric Catalogue and Diomedes’ mythic command over men in the Trojan cycle.
2.30.10 3 mythic high Διομήδης γὰρ καὶ Εὐρύαλος ὁ Μηκιστέως Κυάνιππον τὸν Αἰγιαλέως παῖδα ὄντα ἐπιτροπεύοντες Ἀργείων ἡγήσαντο ἐς Τροίαν. For Diomedes and Euryalus, the son of Mecisteus, acting as guardians for Cyanippus, son of Aegialeus, led the Argives to Troy. Diomedes leading the Argives to Troy belongs to the Trojan War cycle, a mythic event.
2.30.10 4 mythic medium Σθένελος δέ, ὡς ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς πρότερον, οἰκίας τε ἦν ἐπιφανεστέρας, τῶν Ἀναξαγοριδῶν καλουμένων, καὶ ἡ βασιλεία τούτῳ μάλιστα ἦν ἡ Ἀργείων προσήκουσα. But Sthenelus, as I have previously noted, belonged to a more distinguished family—known as the house of the Anaxagoridae—and the kingship of Argos properly belonged to him above all. Refers to Sthenelus, a legendary Argive royal figure, and claims about rightful kingship belong to heroic mythic genealogy.
2.30.10 5 historical high τοσαῦτα Τροιζηνίοις ἐχόμενα ἱστορίας ἦν, παρὲξ ἢ ὅσαι πόλεις παρʼ αὐτῶν φασιν ἀποικισθῆναι· Such then is the history involving the Troizenians, apart from the cities which, according to their account, were founded as colonies by them. Refers to the historical tradition of the Troizenians and their colonial foundations, not a mythic event.
2.30.10 6 other high κατασκευὴν δὲ ἱερῶν καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα ἐς ἐπίδειξιν, τὸ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπέξειμι. Now I shall proceed to describe their sacred buildings and all else that is noteworthy. A transition to describing sacred buildings and noteworthy sights; purely descriptive and geographical/antiquarian.