Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 3.25

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3.25.1 1 mythic high προελθόντι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ μνήματος ἐκδίδωσιν ἐς θάλασσαν ποταμός, ὄνομα δέ οἱ Σκύρας, ὅτι κατὰ τοῦτον ἀνώνυμον τέως ὄντα Πύρρος ὁ Ἀχιλλέως ἔσχε ταῖς ναυσίν, ἡνίκα ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑρμιόνης γάμον ἔπλευσεν ἐκ Σκύρου. After passing forward from the tomb, a river flows into the sea; it is called Scyras, because Pyrrhus son of Achilles once anchored his ships there, at which time he sailed from Scyros for his marriage with Hermione. The river’s name is explained by Pyrrhus/Achilles’ mythic voyage and marriage episode.
3.25.1 2 other high διαβάντων δὲ τὸν ποταμὸν ἔστιν ἱερὸν ἀρχαῖον ἀπωτέρω Διὸς βωμοῦ. After crossing the river, at some distance further is an ancient sanctuary of Zeus, with an altar. Purely topographical/descriptive: it locates an ancient sanctuary and altar after crossing a river, with no event narrated.
3.25.1 3 other high τοῦ ποταμοῦ δὲ σταδίους τεσσαράκοντα ἀπέχει Πύρριχος ἐν μεσογαίᾳ. Forty stadia inland from the river lies Pyrrhichus. A geographical locational statement giving distance inland from a river.
3.25.1 4 mythic high τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι φασὶν ἀπὸ Πύρρου τοῦ Ἀχιλλέως, οἱ δὲ εἶναι θεὸν Πύρριχον τῶν καλουμένων They say that the city took its name from Pyrrhus son of Achilles, but some claim Pyrrhichus was one of those called gods. The sentence explains the city's name through Pyrrhus son of Achilles and a divine Pyrrhichus, both belonging to mythic tradition.
3.25.2 1 mythic high Κουρήτων· εἰσὶ δὲ οἳ Σιληνὸν ἐκ Μαλέας ἐλθόντα ἐνταῦθα λέγουσιν οἰκῆσαι. Of the Curetes: there are some who say Silenus came here from Malea and made his dwelling in this place. Silenus is a mythic figure, and the sentence describes a mythic arrival and settlement.
3.25.2 2 mythic high τραφῆναι μὲν δὴ τὸν Σιληνὸν ἐν τῇ Μαλέᾳ δηλοῖ καὶ τάδε ἐξ ᾄσματος Πινδάρου ὁ ζαμενὴς δὲ ὁ χοροιτύπος, ὃν Μαλέας ὄρος ἔθρεψε, Ναΐδος ἀκοίτας, Σιληνός· That Silenus was indeed reared in Malea is made clear by these verses from a poem by Pindar: "The mighty dancer, whom Mount Malea nurtured, husband of the Naiad, Silenus." (Pindar, Frag. 156 Schroeder). Silenus is a mythic figure, and the sentence concerns his upbringing in Malea as explained by a poetic fragment.
3.25.2 3 other high ὡς δὲ καὶ Πύρριχος ὄνομα ἦν αὐτῷ, Πινδάρῳ μὲν οὐκ ἔστιν εἰρημένον, λέγουσι δὲ οἱ περὶ τὴν Μαλέαν οἰκοῦντες. But that he also had the name Pyrrhichus, though not mentioned by Pindar, is asserted by those who dwell around Malea. Antiquarian report about an alternate name and local tradition, not a mythic event or historical event.
3.25.3 1 mythic high ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ Πυρρίχῳ φρέαρ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ, δοῦναι δέ σφισι τὸν Σιληνὸν νομίζουσι· In Pyrrhichus there is a well in the marketplace, which they believe Silenus gave them. The well is attributed to Silenus, a mythic figure, so this is a mythic origin story affecting the landscape.
3.25.3 2 other high σπανίζοιέν τʼ ἂν ὕδατος, εἰ τὸ φρέαρ τοῦτο ἐπιλείποι. Indeed, they would suffer from lack of water, if this well should ever fail. Describes the practical water supply and a well; geographical/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
3.25.3 3 mythic high θεῶν δὲ ἐν τῇ γῇ σφισιν ἱερά ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδός τε ἐπίκλησιν Ἀστρατείας, ὅτι τῆς ἐς τὸ πρόσω στρατείας ἐνταῦθα ἐπαύσαντο Ἀμαζόνες, καὶ Ἀπόλλων Ἀμαζόνιος· Among the sanctuaries in their territory are one of Artemis, surnamed Astrateia (Warlike), so called because here the Amazons ended their further advance, and another of Apollo Amazonios. The sanctuaries are explained by the mythic episode of the Amazons halting their advance here.
3.25.3 4 mythic high ξόανα μὲν ἀμφότερα, ἀναθεῖναι δὲ λέγουσιν αὐτὰ τὰς ἀπὸ Θερμώδοντος γυναῖκας. Both statues are wooden images, and the inhabitants say that the women from the Thermodon themselves dedicated these statues. References the Thermodon women, i.e. the Amazon mythic tradition, and the dedications belong to that mythic story.
3.25.4 1 other high ἀπὸ δὲ Πυρρίχου καταβάντι ἐς θάλασσαν ἔστι Τευθρώνη· From Pyrrhichus descending to the sea is Teuthrone. Purely a route/geographical description locating Teuthrone from Pyrrhichus.
3.25.4 2 other high τὸν δὲ οἰκιστὴν οἱ ταύτῃ Τεύθραντα Ἀθηναῖον ὄντα ἀποφαίνουσι, τιμῶσι δὲ θεῶν μάλιστα Ἰσσωρίαν Ἄρτεμιν, καὶ πηγή σφισίν ἐστι Ναΐα. The local inhabitants say its founder was Teuthras, who was an Athenian. A local foundation tradition naming a founder is antiquarian/legendary context, not a historical event after 500 BC.
3.25.4 3 other high Τευθρώνης δὲ ἀπέχει πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίους ἐς θάλασσαν ἀνέχουσα ἄκρα Ταίναρον, καὶ λιμένες ὅ τε Ἀχίλλειός ἐστι καὶ Ψαμαθοῦς, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ ἄκρᾳ ναὸς εἰκασμένος σπηλαίῳ καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἄγαλμα. Among the gods they particularly honor Issorian Artemis, and there is in their territory a spring called Naia. Describes location, harbors, and a temple/statue on the cape; no mythic or historical event.
3.25.5 1 mythic high ἐποίησαν δὲ Ἑλλήνων τινὲς ὡς Ἡρακλῆς ἀναγάγοι ταύτῃ τοῦ Ἅιδου τὸν κύνα, οὔτε ὑπὸ γῆν ὁδοῦ διὰ τοῦ σπηλαίου φερούσης οὔτε ἕτοιμον ὂν πεισθῆναι θεῶν ὑπόγαιον εἶναί τινα οἴκησιν ἐς ἣν ἀθροίζεσθαι τὰς ψυχάς. Some of the Greeks have made the story that Heracles led the hound of Hades up through this place, disregarding neither the idea that there might be a path underground through the cave nor the belief, which they were unwilling to accept, that beneath the earth existed some abode of gods where souls gathered together. The sentence concerns Heracles' descent to Hades and the hound of Hades, a mythic event.
3.25.5 2 other high ἀλλὰ Ἑκαταῖος μὲν ὁ Μιλήσιος λόγον εὗρεν εἰκότα, ὄφιν φήσας ἐπὶ Ταινάρῳ τραφῆναι δεινόν, κληθῆναι δὲ Ἅιδου κύνα, ὅτι ἔδει τὸν δηχθέντα τεθνάναι παραυτίκα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ. But Hecataeus of Miletus provided a more plausible account, saying that a terrible serpent was reared at Taenarum, called the hound of Hades because anyone bitten immediately died from its venom. A rationalizing antiquarian explanation of a local story, not a mythic event or historical occurrence.
3.25.5 3 mythic high καὶ τοῦτον ἔφη τὸν ὄφιν ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους ἀχθῆναι παρʼ Εὐρυσθέα· It was this serpent, he claimed, that Heracles brought to Eurystheus. Heracles bringing the serpent to Eurystheus is part of a mythic labor narrative.
3.25.6 1 mythic high Ὅμηρος δὲ--- πρῶτος γὰρ ἐκάλεσεν Ἅιδου κύνα ὅντινα Ἡρακλῆς ἦγεν ---οὔτε ὄνομα ἔθετο οὐδὲν οὔτε συνέπλασεν ἐς τὸ εἶδος ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τῇ Χιμαίρᾳ· Homer—for he was the first to mention the hound of Hades, which Heracles led forth—does not give it any particular name nor elaborate upon its form as he does with the Chimaera. Refers to Homeric myth and Heracles leading forth the hound of Hades.
3.25.6 2 mythic high οἱ δὲ ὕστερον Κέρβερον ὄνομα ἐποίησαν καὶ κυνὶ τἄλλα εἰκάζοντες κεφαλὰς τρεῖς φασιν ἔχειν αὐτὸν, οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον Ὁμήρου κύνα τὸν ἀνθρώπῳ σύντροφον εἰρηκότος ἢ εἰ δράκοντα ὄντα ἐκάλεσεν Ἅιδου κύνα. Later writers, however, assigned to it the name Cerberus, and, likening it otherwise to a dog, declared that it had three heads—though Homer said nothing to indicate more clearly that it was a dog like those that keep men company, than if he had called a serpent the hound of Hades. Mentions Cerberus and Hades, both mythic figures; the sentence concerns later mythic elaboration of the underworld hound.
3.25.7 1 mythic high ἀναθήματα δὲ ἄλλα τέ ἐστιν ἐπὶ Ταινάρῳ καὶ Ἀρίων ὁ κιθαρῳδὸς χαλκοῦς ἐπὶ δελφῖνος. At Taenarum there are various dedications, including a bronze statue of Arion the citharode riding upon a dolphin. Arion riding the dolphin is a mythic figure and image, treated as a dedication at Taenarum.
3.25.7 2 mythic high τὰ μὲν οὖν ἐς αὐτὸν Ἀρίονα καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῷ δελφῖνι Ἡρόδοτος εἶπεν ἀκοὴν ἐν τῇ Λυδίᾳ συγγραφῇ· Herodotus has recounted the story concerning Arion himself and the matter of the dolphin, based on hearsay, in his work about Lydia. Arion and the dolphin are a mythic tale, even though Pausanias attributes it to Herodotus as hearsay.
3.25.7 3 mythic medium τὸν δὲ ἐν Ποροσελήνῃ δελφῖνα τῷ παιδὶ σῶστρα ἀποδιδόντα, ὅτι συγκοπέντα ὑπὸ ἁλιέων αὐτὸν ἰάσατο, τοῦτον τὸν δελφῖνα εἶδον καὶ καλοῦντι τῷ παιδὶ ὑπακούοντα καὶ φέροντα, ὁπότε ἐποχεῖσθαί οἱ βούλοιτο. As for the dolphin at Poroselene, which rendered thanks to the boy because the boy had healed it after fishermen wounded it, I myself saw this dolphin; it obeyed when the boy called it and carried him whenever he wished to ride. A dolphin’s grateful response to a healed boy is a marvel linked to mythic-style animal wonder rather than a historical event.
3.25.8 1 other high ἔστι δὲ ἐπὶ Ταινάρῳ καὶ πηγή, νῦν μὲν οὐδὲν ὥστε καὶ θαῦμα εἶναι παρεχομένη, πρότερον δὲ τοῖς ἐνιδοῦσιν ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ τοὺς λιμένας---φασὶ--- καὶ τὰς ναῦς θεάσασθαι παρεῖχε. At Taenarum there is also a spring which nowadays displays nothing remarkable; but formerly, as they say, those who looked into its water used to behold harbors and ships. Describes a spring at Taenarum and its reported marvel, a geographical/descriptive notice rather than a mythic or historical event.
3.25.8 2 other high τοῦτο ἔπαυσε γυνὴ τὸ ὕδωρ μὴ καὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ τοιαῦτα ἐπιδείκνυσθαι, μεμιασμένην ἐναποπλύνασα ἐσθῆτα. A woman caused this marvel to cease and prevented such visions from appearing ever again by washing into it clothing that had been defiled. Describes a localized marvel and its cessation through a ritual action; this is antiquarian/descriptive landscape lore rather than a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event.
3.25.9 1 other high Ταινάρου δὲ τῆς ἄκρας πλοῦν ὅσον τεσσαράκοντα σταδίων ἀφέστηκε Καινήπολις· Forty stades from the promontory of Taenarum lies Caenepolis by sea. Purely geographical location and distance from Taenarum; no mythic or historical event.
3.25.9 2 other high ὄνομα δὲ ἦν πάλαι καὶ ταύτῃ Ταίναρον. This place also once bore the name Taenarum. A place-name note; purely antiquarian/geographical with no mythic or historical event.
3.25.9 3 other high ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ μέγαρον Δήμητρος καὶ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ ναός ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν λίθου. In it there is a sanctuary of Demeter, and by the shore a temple of Aphrodite, containing an upright stone statue. Purely descriptive of sanctuaries and a statue at the site; no event or mythic/historical development.
3.25.9 4 other high ἐντεῦθεν ἀποσχόντι τριάκοντα σταδίους Θυρίδες ἄκρα Ταινάρου καὶ πόλεως ἐρείπια Ἱππόλας ἐστίν, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν Ἱππολαΐτιδος· Sailing onward from there thirty stades are the promontory Thyrides and the ruins of the city Hippola, where stands the sacred sanctuary of Athena Hippolaitis. Purely topographical and descriptive: gives route distance, promontory, city ruins, and sanctuary location without narrating a myth or historical event.
3.25.9 5 other high ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπωτέρω Μέσσα πόλις καὶ λιμήν. A little further distant is the city Messa with its harbor. Simple geographical/directional description of a city and harbor, with no mythic or historical event.
3.25.10 1 other high ἀπὸ τούτου στάδια τοῦ λιμένος πεντήκοντά ἐστι καὶ ἑκατὸν ἐπὶ Οἴτυλον· From this harbor it is one hundred and fifty stades to Oitylos. Purely geographical route distance from the harbor to Oitylos.
3.25.10 2 mythic medium ὁ δὲ ἥρως ἀφʼ οὗ τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἐγένετο, Ἀργεῖος τὸ ἀνέκαθεν, Ἀμφιάνακτος υἱὸς ὢν τοῦ Ἀντιμάχου. The hero from whom the city received its name was originally an Argive, being the son of Amphianax, who was the son of Antimachus. Identifies a city-naming hero and his genealogy, which belongs to mythic/legendary foundation tradition.
3.25.10 3 other high θέας δὲ ἄξια ἐν Οἰτύλῳ Σαράπιδός ἐστιν ἱερὸν καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Καρνείου ξόανον Ἀπόλλωνος. Worth seeing at Oitylos are a sanctuary of Sarapis and, in the marketplace, a wooden image of Apollo Karneios. Purely descriptive: identifies local sanctuary and cult image in Oitylos without narrating an event.