Pausanias Analysis

Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags

Chapter 3.7

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
3.7.1 1 historical high γένους μὲν δὴ τοῦ Εὐρυσθένους, καλουμένων δὲ Ἀγιαδῶν, Κλεομένης ὁ Λεωνίδου βασιλεὺς ὕστατος ἐγένετο ἐν Σπάρτῃ· Cleomenes, son of Leonidas, was the last king at Sparta from the line of Eurysthenes, known as the Agiadae. Mentions Cleomenes, a Spartan king in the historical period, and a dynastic/historical fact.
3.7.1 2 other high τὰ δὲ ἐς τὴν οἰκίαν τὴν ἑτέραν τοιάδε ἤκουσα εἶναι. Regarding the other royal house, I have heard the following account. Introductory report about hearing an account of the royal house; purely descriptive and not itself mythic or historical.
3.7.1 3 mythic high Προκλῆς ὁ Ἀριστοδήμου τῷ παιδὶ ὄνομα τίθεται Σόον. Procles, son of Aristodemus, named his son Soüs. Names the descendant of a heroic figure in the Spartan royal genealogy; this is part of mythic ancestry rather than historical narrative.
3.7.1 4 mythic medium Εὐρυπῶντα δὲ τὸν Σόου φασὶν ἐς τοσοῦτον ἀφικέσθαι δόξης ὡς καὶ τὴν οἰκίαν ταύτην Εὐρυπωντίδας ὄνομα ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ λαβεῖν, Προκλείδας ἐς ἐκεῖνον καλουμένους. Eurypontes, the son of Soüs, gained such great renown that this royal house took its name from him and was thereafter called the Eurypontidae, although before him it had been known as the Procleidae. Dynastic eponymy for Eurypontidae concerns heroic/legendary ancestry rather than a post-500 BC historical event.
3.7.2 1 historical high Εὐρυπῶντος δὲ υἱὸς γίνεται Πρύτανις. The son of Eurypon was Prytanis. A dynastic genealogy naming a historical Spartan king, not a mythic event.
3.7.2 2 historical high ἐπὶ μὲν δὴ Πρυτάνιδος τοῦ Εὐρυπῶντος τὸ ἔχθος τε Λακεδαιμονίοις ἤρξατο τὸ ἐς Ἀργείους καὶ ἔτι τοῦ ἐγκλήματος τούτου πρότερον Κυνουρεῦσιν ἐπολέμησαν· It was during the reign of Prytanis, son of Eurypon, that hostility first arose between the Lacedaemonians and the Argives; even earlier they had already waged war against the Cynurians. Describes early Spartan-Argive and Cynurian warfare in a quasi-historical dynastic timeframe, not a mythic event.
3.7.2 3 historical high τὰς δὲ ἐφεξῆς ταύτῃ γενεάς, Εὐνόμου τε τοῦ Πρυτάνιδος καὶ Πολυδέκτου τοῦ Εὐνόμου βασιλευόντων, ἐν εἰρήνῃ διετέλεσεν οὖσα ἡ Σπάρτη. But the following generations, while Eunomus, son of Prytanis, and Polydectes, son of Eunomus, were kings, continued to dwell in peace at Sparta. Refers to Spartan kings and a period of peace in generations after the mythic age, so it is treated as historical/political chronology.
3.7.3 1 historical high Χάριλλος δὲ ὁ Πολυδέκτου τήν τε γῆν ἐδῄωσεν Ἀργείοις--- οὗτος γὰρ καὶ ὁ ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα ἐσβαλών--- Charillus, son of Polydectes, ravaged the territory of the Argives—for he was indeed the one who invaded the Argolid. Charillus is a human political-military actor and the ravaging of Argive territory is a historical event.
3.7.3 2 historical high καὶ ἔτεσιν οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι Χαρίλλῳ γίνεται καὶ ἡ Σπαρτιατῶν ἐπὶ Τεγεάτας ἔξοδος, ὅτε οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι Τεγεάτας αἱρήσειν ἤλπισαν καὶ ἀποτεμεῖσθαι τῆς Ἀρκαδίας τὸ Τεγεατῶν πεδίον, ὑπούλῳ μαντεύματι ἐπελθόντες. A few years afterward, under the command of this same Charillus, the Spartans also undertook a campaign against the Tegeans, when the Lacedaemonians hoped to capture Tegea and cut off the plain of Tegea from Arcadia, trusting in a deceptive oracle. Describes an early Spartan campaign under Charillus, a post-mythic military event and its intended territorial effect.
3.7.4 1 historical high μετὰ δὲ Χάριλλον τελευτήσαντα Νίκανδρος ὁ Χαρίλλου διαδέχεται τὴν ἀρχήν· After Charillus died, Nicander, son of Charillus, succeeded to the throne. Dynastic succession of Spartan kings after Charillus; this is a post-mythic historical reign succession.
3.7.4 2 historical high καὶ τὰ Μεσσηνίων ἐς Τήλεκλον τὸν τῆς ἑτέρας βασιλέα οἰκίας ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τῆς Λιμνάδος συμβάντα ἐπὶ Νικάνδρου γίνεται βασιλεύοντος. During Nicander's reign occurred the incident involving the Messenians against Teleclus, the king of the other royal house, at the sanctuary of Limnatis. Places the event during Nicander's reign and refers to a specific conflict between Messenians and a Spartan king, so it is historical rather than mythic.
3.7.4 3 historical high ἐσέβαλε δὲ καὶ ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα ὁ Νίκανδρος στρατιᾷ καὶ τὰ πολλὰ ἐκάκωσε τῆς χώρας· Nicander also invaded Argolis with an army and caused considerable devastation in most of the land. A named army invasion and devastation in Argolis is a historical event affecting the landscape.
3.7.4 4 historical high μετασχόντες δὲ Ἀσιναῖοι Λακεδαιμονίοις τοῦ ἔργου δίκην μετʼ οὐ πολὺ Ἀργείοις ἀπέδοσαν σὺν μεγάλῳ πατρίδος τε ὀλέθρῳ καὶ φυγῇ τῇ σφετέρᾳ. The Asinaeans, having assisted the Lacedaemonians in this undertaking, soon afterward paid the penalty to the Argives, bringing great destruction upon their own country and forcing themselves into exile. Describes the Asinaeans' later punishment by the Argives and resulting destruction/exile, an ঘটনা in historical time after the Trojan/archaic legendary sphere.
3.7.5 1 other high Θεόπομπον δὲ τὸν Νικάνδρου βασιλεύσαντα μετὰ Νίκανδρον μέλλει καὶ αὖθις ὁ λόγος μοι προσθήσειν προελθόντι ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν συγγραφήν. Theopompus, son of Nicander, who became king after Nicander, will be mentioned again by me later on, when my narrative progresses to the account of Messenia. A narrative cross-reference about future discussion of Theopompus and Messenia; no mythic or historical event is described.
3.7.5 2 historical high Θεοπόμπου δὲ ἔτι ἔχοντος τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐν Σπάρτῃ γίνεται καὶ ὁ περὶ τῆς Θυρεάτιδος καλουμένης χώρας Λακεδαιμονίοις ἀγὼν πρὸς Ἀργείους, Θεόπομπος δὲ αὐτὸς οὐ μετέσχε τοῦ ἔργου γήρᾳ καὶ ὑπὸ λύπης τὸ πλέον· While Theopompus was still reigning in Sparta, the contest concerning the district called Thyreatis arose between the Lacedaemonians and the Argives; but Theopompus himself did not take part in this battle, being prevented mostly by old age and grief. Refers to a conflict between Sparta and Argos under Theopompus, a post-mythic historical event.
3.7.5 3 historical high Ἀρχίδαμον γὰρ Θεοπόμπου ζῶντος ἔτι ἐπιλαμβάνει τὸ χρεών. Indeed, during Theopompus' lifetime, Archidamus succeeded him in authority. Refers to a succession in authority during Theopompus' lifetime, which is a historical political event.
3.7.6 1 historical high οὐ μὴν ἄπαις ἐτελεύτησεν ὁ Ἀρχίδαμος, Ζευξίδαμον δὲ ἀπολιπὼν υἱόν. Nevertheless, Archidamus did not die childless, but left behind his son Zeuxidamus. A dynastic genealogical note about Archidamus and his son Zeuxidamus; this is historical family history, not myth or geography.
3.7.6 2 historical high Ζευξιδάμου δὲ Ἀναξίδαμος ὁ παῖς ἐκδέχεται τὴν ἀρχήν· Zeuxidamus' son Anaxidamus succeeded to the throne. Succession to a throne is a historical dynastic event, not mythic or merely descriptive.
3.7.6 3 historical high ἐπὶ τούτου Μεσσήνιοι φεύγουσιν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου, πολέμῳ τὸ δεύτερον κρατηθέντες ὑπὸ Σπαρτιατῶν. During his reign, the Messenians fled from the Peloponnese, having been overcome by the Spartans in war for the second time. Refers to the Messenians' flight after being defeated by the Spartans in war, a historical event.
3.7.6 4 historical high Ἀναξιδάμου δὲ υἱὸς ἐγένετο Ἀρχίδαμος, Ἀρχιδάμου δὲ Ἀγησικλῆς· καί σφισιν ὑπῆρξεν ἀμφοτέροις τὸν βίον διατελέσαι πάντα ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ καὶ πολέμων οὖσιν ἐκτός. The son of Anaxidamus was Archidamus, and the son of Archidamus was Agesikles; these two both happened to pass the entirety of their lives in peace, being free from wars. Genealogical notice about later Spartan kings and their peaceful reigns, not a mythic or descriptive passage.
3.7.7 1 mythic high Ἀρίστωνι δὲ τῷ Ἀγησικλέους ἀγαγομένῳ γυναῖκα ἥντινα παρθένον μὲν τῶν ἐν Λακεδαίμονι εἶναί φασιν αἰσχίστην, γυναικῶν δὲ τὸ εἶδος καλλίστην ὑπὸ Ἑλένης γενέσθαι, ταύτην ἀγαγομένῳ τῷ Ἀρίστωνι ἐγένετο υἱὸς Δημάρατος ἐν μόνοις μησὶν ἑπτά· To Ariston son of Agesikles was married a woman who, it is said, among the maidens of Sparta was the most repulsive, yet who became the most beautiful of all women through the intervention of Helen. Helen’s intervention is a mythic cause of the woman’s beauty.
3.7.7 2 other high καὶ αὐτῷ μετὰ τῶν ἐφόρων καθημένῳ τηνικαῦτα ἐν βουλῇ ἦλθεν οἰκέτης ἀπαγγέλλων τετέχθαι οἱ παῖδα. To this woman, after having been wedded to Ariston, was born a son, Demaratus, after only seven months. A birth notice in a historical anecdote; it is biographical narrative rather than mythic or post-500 BC historical event impacting landscape.
3.7.7 3 other high Ἀρίστων δὲ ἐπῶν τῶν ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐς τὴν Εὐρυσθέως γένεσιν πεποιημένος λήθην ἢ μηδὲ ἀρχὴν συνεὶς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔφη τῶν μηνῶν ἕνεκα αὑτοῦ τὸν παῖδα εἶναι. As Ariston was sitting at the time with the ephors in council, a servant arrived, bringing the news that a child had been born to him. Narrative reporting of a king's council and a birth announcement; no mythic event or post-500 BC historical landmark impact.
3.7.8 1 other high τοῦτον μὲν δὴ τῶν εἰρημένων μετάνοια ἔλαβεν ὕστερον· Indeed, this man previously mentioned experienced remorse afterwards. Describes a person's later remorse; this is narrative/biographical rather than mythic or historical event.
3.7.8 2 historical high Δημάρατον δὲ βασιλεύοντα καὶ τά τε ἄλλα εὐδοκιμοῦντα ἐν Σπάρτῃ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Πεισιστρατιδῶν Κλεομένει συνελευθερώσαντα Ἀθηναίους ἥ τε Ἀρίστωνος ἀγνωμοσύνη καὶ τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Κλεομένους ἐποίησεν ἰδιώτην. As for Demaratus, while ruling as king and gaining honor in Sparta in other matters as well, and having joined with Cleomenes to free the Athenians from the Peisistratids, it was the ill-temper of Ariston and the hostility of Cleomenes which reduced him to a private citizen. Refers to Demaratus, Cleomenes, and the Peisistratids and their role in freeing Athens, a late 6th-century BC historical episode.
3.7.8 3 historical medium καὶ τοῦ μὲν παρὰ βασιλέα Δαρεῖον ἐλθόντος ἐς Πέρσας ἐπὶ πολὺν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ χρόνον διαμεῖναι τοὺς ἀπογόνους φασί· They say that, after he went to King Darius in Persia, his descendants remained in Asia for a long time. Refers to a figure going to King Darius and descendants remaining in Asia; this is post-classical historical tradition rather than myth or geography.
3.7.9 1 historical high Λεωτυχίδης δὲ ἀντὶ Δημαράτου γενόμενος βασιλεὺς μετέσχε μὲν Ἀθηναίοις καὶ Ἀθηναίων τῷ στρατηγῷ Ξανθίππῳ τῷ Ἀρίφρονος τοῦ ἔργου τοῦ πρὸς Μυκάλῃ, Leotychides, who became king in place of Demaratus, took part with the Athenians and their general Xanthippus, the son of Ariphron, in the action at Mycale. Describes the battle of Mycale and named historical figures in the Persian Wars.
3.7.9 2 historical high ἐστράτευσε δὲ ὕστερον τούτων καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀλευάδας ἐς Θεσσαλίαν· Afterwards he also campaigned against the Aleuadae in Thessaly. A military campaign against the Aleuadae in Thessaly is a post-mythic historical event.
3.7.9 3 historical high καί οἱ καταστρέψασθαι Θεσσαλίαν πᾶσαν ἐξὸν ἅτε ἀεὶ νικῶντι ἐν ταῖς μάχαις, δῶρα ἔλαβε παρὰ τῶν Ἀλευαδῶν. And though it was in his power to subdue all Thessaly, as he was consistently victorious in battle, he accepted gifts from the Aleuadae. Refers to a historical power struggle and gifts from the Aleuadae, a post-mythic political event.
3.7.10 1 historical high ὑπαγόμενος δὲ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι ἐς δίκην ἔφυγεν ἐθελοντὴς ἐς Τεγέαν. Brought to trial in Sparta, he voluntarily fled to Tegea. Refers to being brought to trial in Sparta and fleeing to Tegea, a post-mythic historical event.
3.7.10 2 historical high καὶ ὁ μὲν αὐτόθι τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν τὴν Ἀλέαν ἱκέτευε, Λεωτυχίδου δὲ ὁ μὲν παῖς Ζευξίδαμος ζῶντος ἔτι Λεωτυχίδου καὶ οὐ πεφευγότος πω τελευτᾷ νόσῳ, Ἀρχίδαμος δὲ ὁ Ζευξιδάμου μετὰ Λεωτυχίδην ἀπελθόντα ἐς Τεγέαν ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν. And there he became a suppliant in the sanctuary of Athena Alea; and while Leotychides was still living and had not yet gone into exile, his son Zeuxidamus died of disease; and after Leotychides withdrew to Tegea, Archidamus, son of Zeuxidamus, took the kingship. Refers to Leotychides, Zeuxidamus, and Archidamus in a dynastic succession after exile, a post-500 BC historical event.
3.7.10 3 historical high οὗτος Ἀρχίδαμος Ἀθηναίοις μάλιστα ἐκάκωσε τὴν χώραν στρατῷ τε ἐσβάλλων ἐς γῆν τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος καὶ ὁπότε ἐσβάλοι διὰ πάσης ἐπεξῄει φθείρων καὶ Πλαταιέων Ἀθηναίοις ὄντων εὔνων πολιορκίᾳ τὸ ἄστυ εἷλεν. This Archidamus inflicted particularly severe damage upon the Athenians' land, invading Attica yearly with an army, and whenever he invaded he ravaged it everywhere, and, since the Plataeans were friendly toward the Athenians, he captured their city by siege. Archidamus and the siege of Plataea are historical events of the Peloponnesian War.
3.7.11 1 historical high οὐ μὴν τὸν πόλεμόν γε τὸν Πελοποννησίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων γενέσθαι συνέσπευσεν. However, Archidamus did not at all hasten the outbreak of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians. Refers to the Peloponnesian War between Athens and the Peloponnesians, a historical event after 500 BC.
3.7.11 2 historical high ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐς ὅσον δυνάμεως ἧκε, διαμεῖναί σφισιν ἔπρασσε τὰς σπονδάς. Indeed, as far as lay within his power, he endeavored to prolong the truce between them. Refers to a truce and diplomatic action, which is historical rather than mythic or descriptive.
3.7.11 3 historical high Σθενελαΐδας δὲ ἔς τε ἄλλα ὢν οὐκ ἀδύνατος ἐν Λακεδαίμονι καὶ ἐφορεύων ἐν τῷ τότε τοῦ πολέμου μάλιστα ἐγένετο αἴτιος· καὶ ὁ πόλεμος οὗτος εὖ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἔτι βεβηκυῖαν διέσεισεν ἐκ βάθρων, καὶ ὕστερον Φίλιππος ὁ Ἀμύντου σαθρὰν ἤδη καὶ οὐ παντάπασιν ὑγιῆ προσκατήρειψεν αὐτήν. It was rather Sthenelaidas, a man influential in Sparta in other respects also, who, serving as ephor at that time, was primarily responsible for bringing about the war; and this conflict deeply unsettled Greece, which was already standing on shaky ground, and later Philip, son of Amyntas, found it weakened and not entirely sound, and finally brought it utterly to ruin. Refers to the Peloponnesian War and Philip of Macedon, both post-500 BC historical events and figures.