Current sentence-level mythic, historical, and other tags
| Passage | Sentence | Bucket | Confidence | Greek | English | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.31.1 | 1 | other | high | ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπωτέρω Φαρῶν Ἀπόλλωνος ἄλσος ἐστὶ Καρνείου καὶ ὕδατος ἐν αὐτῷ πηγή· | A little beyond Pharae is a grove sacred to Apollo Karneios, containing a spring of water. | Purely topographical description of a grove and spring near Pharae; no event or historical development. |
| 4.31.1 | 2 | other | high | θαλάσσης δὲ ἕξ που στάδια ἀπέχουσιν αἱ Φαραί. | Pharae itself lies approximately six stades distant from the sea. | A simple geographic distance statement about Pharae and the sea. |
| 4.31.1 | 3 | other | high | ἐντεῦθεν πρὸς μεσόγαιαν τῆς Μεσσηνίας σταδίους προελθόντι ὀγδοήκοντα, ἔστιν ἡ Θουριατῶν πόλις, Ἄνθειαν δὲ αὐτὴν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ὠνομάσθαι τοῖς Ὁμήρου λέγουσι· | Proceeding inland from here toward the interior of Messenia for about eighty stades, there is the city of the Thuriatae, which, they say, Homer called Antheia in his verses. | Purely geographical and antiquarian: route directions and identification of a city with Homeric Antheia. |
| 4.31.1 | 4 | historical | high | Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἔχειν τοῖς ἐν Σπάρτῃ τὴν Θουρίαν ἔδωκεν Αὔγουστος. | Augustus granted Thuria to the Lacedaemonians of Sparta. | Mentions Augustus granting a place to Spartans, an event in the Roman historical period. |
| 4.31.1 | 5 | historical | high | Αὐγούστῳ γὰρ βασιλεύοντι Ῥωμαίων ἐπολέμησεν Ἀντώνιος, γένει καὶ οὗτος Ῥωμαῖος· | For Antonius, also of Roman descent, had waged war against Augustus, who was Emperor of the Romans. | Refers to Antonius' war against Augustus, a Roman historical event. |
| 4.31.1 | 6 | historical | high | καί οἱ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἄλλοι τε καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι προσέθεντο, ὅτι ἐφρόνουν Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὰ Αὐγούστου. | And the Messenians, along with other Greeks, sided with Antonius, while the Lacedaemonians favored Augustus. | Refers to the Roman civil conflict between Antony and Augustus, a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 4.31.2 | 1 | historical | low | καὶ ὁ μὲν τούτων ἕνεκα Μεσσηνίοις καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἀντιταξαμένων τοῖς μὲν αὐτῶν ἔλαττον, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἐς πλέον ἐπεξῆλθε· | For these reasons, he dealt harshly with the Messenians, and with the others who had opposed him, some less severely, others even more so. | Refers to punitive dealings with the Messenians and other opponents, which is a historical action rather than myth or geography. |
| 4.31.2 | 2 | other | high | Θουριᾶται δὲ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐν μετεώρῳ τὸ ἀρχαῖον οἰκουμένης ἐς τὸ πεδίον κατελθόντες οἰκοῦσιν. | As for the people of Thuria, having descended from their ancient settlement located on high ground, they now dwell in the plain; yet they have not completely abandoned the upper city. | Describes the present settlement pattern and topography of Thuria, not a mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.2 | 3 | other | high | οὐ μὴν παντάπασί γε οὐδὲ τὴν ἄνω πόλιν ἐκλελοίπασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τείχους ἐρείπια καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν αὐτόθι ὀνομαζόμενον θεοῦ Συρίας· | Still remaining there are ruins of a wall, and a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess named the Syrian Goddess. | Describes surviving ruins and a sanctuary at a location; purely topographical/antiquarian rather than mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.2 | 4 | other | high | τὴν δὲ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ πόλιν ποταμὸς καλούμενος Ἄρις παρέξεισιν. | Near the city in the plain flows a river named Aris. | Purely geographical description of a river near a city; no mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.3 | 1 | other | high | ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ μεσογαίῳ κώμη Καλάμαι καὶ Λίμναι χωρίον· | In the inland area there is a village called Kalamae and a place named Limnae. | Purely geographic: names a village and a place in the inland area. |
| 4.31.3 | 2 | historical | medium | ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ Λιμνάτιδος ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος, ἔνθα Τηλέκλῳ βασιλεύοντι ἐν Σπάρτῃ τὴν τελευτὴν συμβῆναι λέγουσιν. | At Limnae is a sanctuary of Artemis Limnatis, where, it is said, king Teleclus met his death during his reign at Sparta. | Mentions Teleclus, a Spartan king of the historical/legendary early period, in connection with a sanctuary's local tradition. |
| 4.31.4 | 1 | other | high | ἰόντι δὲ ἐκ Θουρίας ὡς ἐπὶ Ἀρκαδίας εἰσὶν αἱ πηγαὶ τοῦ Παμίσου· | On the way from Thuria towards Arcadia are the springs of the river Pamisos; | Simple route and geographical description of river springs; no mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.4 | 2 | other | high | καὶ ἐπʼ αὐταῖς παισὶ μικροῖς ἀκέσματα γίνεται. | and at these springs cures are performed for young children. | Describes healing springs and their effects on children; this is geographical/descriptive cult practice, not a mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.4 | 3 | other | high | ἰοῦσι δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν πηγῶν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ καὶ προελθόντι ὡς τεσσαράκοντα στάδια, ἔστι Μεσσηνίοις ἡ ὑπὸ τῇ Ἰθώμῃ πόλις· | Proceeding from the springs, after advancing about forty stadia, you come to the city of the Messenians beneath Ithome. | Pure route/directional description giving distance from the springs to Messene beneath Ithome. |
| 4.31.4 | 4 | other | high | περιέχεται δὲ οὐ τῇ Ἰθώμῃ μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Πάμισον τὰ τετραμμένα ὑπὸ τῆς Εὔας· | The city is encompassed not only by Mount Ithome itself, but also by an area facing toward the Pamisos beneath Mount Eva. | Purely geographical description of the city's surrounding terrain and orientation. |
| 4.31.4 | 5 | mythic | high | τὸ δὲ ὄνομα γενέσθαι τῷ ὄρει φασὶ Βακχικόν τι ἐπίφθεγμα εὐοῖ Διονύσου πρῶτον ἐνταῦθα αὐτοῦ τε εἰπόντος καὶ τῶν ὁμοῦ τῷ Διονύσῳ γυναικῶν. | They say this mountain (Eva) received its name from the Bacchic cry "evoi," first uttered here by Dionysus himself and the women who accompanied him. | Explains the mountain’s name by a mythic event involving Dionysus and his followers. |
| 4.31.5 | 1 | historical | high | περὶ δὲ τὴν Μεσσήνην τεῖχος, κύκλος μὲν πᾶς λίθου πεποίηται, πύργοι δὲ καὶ ἐπάλξεις εἰσὶν ἐνῳκοδομημένοι. | Around Messene there is a surrounding wall built entirely of stone, with towers and battlements integrated into it. | Describes Messene’s city wall as an extant built feature, i.e. a historical/architectural detail. |
| 4.31.5 | 2 | other | high | τὰ μὲν οὖν Βαβυλωνίων ἢ τὰ Μεμνόνεια τὰ ἐν Σούσοις τείχη τοῖς Περσικοῖς οὔτε εἶδον οὔτε ἄλλων περὶ αὐτῶν ἤκουσα αὐτοπτούντων· τὰ δὲ ἐν Ἀμβρός ς ῳ τῇ Φωκικῇ ἔν τε Βυζαντίῳ καὶ Ῥόδῳ---ταῦτα γὰρ δὴ τετείχισται τὰ χωρία ἄριστα---τούτων Μεσσηνίοις ἐστὶν ἐχυρώτερον. | Now as for the walls of the Babylonians and those called Memnonian at Susa in Persia, I have neither seen them myself nor heard others who were eyewitnesses speak about them; but I have observed the walls at Ambrossos in Phocis, and those at Byzantium and Rhodes—places indeed fortified in the most excellent manner—and the Messenian walls are stronger than these. | A descriptive comparison of fortifications and a travel observation, not mythic or historical narrative. |
| 4.31.6 | 1 | other | high | Μεσσηνίοις δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Διός ἐστιν ἄγαλμα Σωτῆρος καὶ Ἀρσινόη κρήνη· | In the marketplace of the Messenians there is a statue of Zeus Soter ("Zeus the Savior") and a spring called Arsinoe. | Purely descriptive note about cult statue and named spring in the marketplace; no mythic or post-500 BC historical event. |
| 4.31.6 | 2 | mythic | medium | τὸ μὲν δὴ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῆς Λευκίππου θυγατρὸς εἴληφεν, ὑπορρεῖ δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν ὕδωρ ἐκ πηγῆς καλουμένης Κλεψύδρας. | It took its name from the daughter of Leucippus, and water runs into it from a spring called Klepsydra. | The naming derives from Leucippus' daughter, a mythic eponym, though the spring description is geographical. |
| 4.31.6 | 3 | other | high | θεῶν δὲ ἱερὰ Ποσειδῶνος, τὸ δὲ Ἀφροδίτης ἐστί· | There are also sanctuaries of gods: one of Poseidon, and another of Aphrodite. | Describes sanctuaries of Poseidon and Aphrodite without recounting a mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.6 | 4 | other | high | καὶ οὗ μάλιστα ἄξιον ποιήσασθαι μνήμην, ἄγαλμα Μητρὸς θεῶν λίθου Παρίου, Δαμοφῶντος δὲ ἔργον, ὃς καὶ τὸν Δία ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ διεστηκότος ἤδη τοῦ ἐλέφαντος συνήρμοσεν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον· | And most deserving of mention is a statue of the Mother of the Gods carved from Parian marble, the work of Damophon, who also restored the ivory of the statue of Zeus at Olympia when it had come apart, connecting it again with the greatest precision. | Describes a statue and its sculptor, with an antiquarian note about Damophon’s restoration work, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event. |
| 4.31.6 | 5 | historical | high | καί οἱ δεδομέναι τιμαὶ παρὰ Ἠλείων εἰσί. | Honors were accordingly given to him by the Eleans. | Refers to honors given by the Eleans, a civic/historical action rather than myth. |
| 4.31.7 | 1 | other | high | Δαμοφῶντος δέ ἐστι τούτου καὶ ἡ Λαφρία καλουμένη παρὰ Μεσσηνίοις· | By the same Damophon is also the so-called Laphria among the Messenians. | Identifies a cult image by Damophon; this is antiquarian/descriptive, not a mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.7 | 2 | other | high | σέβεσθαι δέ σφισιν ἀπὸ τοιοῦδε αὐτὴν καθέστηκε. | Their veneration of her has come to pass from the following cause. | Introduces the reason for a cult practice; explanatory/antiquarian rather than narrating a mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.7 | 3 | other | high | Καλυδωνίοις ἡ Ἄρτεμις---ταύτην γὰρ θεῶν μάλιστα ἔσεβον--- ἐπίκλησιν εἶχε Λαφρία· | Among the Calydonians, Artemis—since they honored this goddess above all others—had the surname Laphria. | Describes a cult title of Artemis among the Calydonians; this is antiquarian/religious description, not a mythic event or historical event. |
| 4.31.7 | 4 | historical | high | Μεσσηνίων δὲ οἱ λαβόντες Ναύπακτον παρὰ Ἀθηναίων---τηνικαῦτα γὰρ Αἰτωλίας ἐγγύτατα ᾤκουν---παρὰ Καλυδωνίων ἔλαβον. | Now, the Messenians who received Naupactus from the Athenians—for at that time they were dwelling very near Aetolia—acquired her from the Calydonians. | Refers to the Messenians’ acquisition of Naupactus from the Calydonians, a post-mythic historical event. |
| 4.31.7 | 5 | other | high | τὸ σχῆμα ἑτέρωθι δηλώσω. | Her appearance I shall describe elsewhere. | A brief cross-reference about describing appearance elsewhere; purely narrative/organizational, not mythic or historical. |
| 4.31.7 | 6 | other | high | τὸ μὲν δὴ τῆς Λαφρίας ἀφίκετο ὄνομα ἔς τε Μεσσηνίους καὶ ἐς Πατρεῖς Ἀχαιῶν μόνους, Ἐφεσίαν δὲ Ἄρτεμιν πόλεις τε νομίζουσιν αἱ | Thus, the name Laphria came alone among the Messenians and the Patreans of the Achaeans; but as for Artemis Ephesia, many cities worship her. | Describes cult names and worship by cities; no mythic event or historical event is being narrated. |
| 4.31.8 | 1 | other | high | πᾶσαι καὶ ἄνδρες ἰδίᾳ θεῶν μάλιστα ἄγουσιν ἐν τιμῇ· | All cities, indeed individuals too, honor this goddess above all other deities. | General statement about cultic honor, not a mythic event or historical event. |
| 4.31.8 | 2 | mythic | high | τὰ δὲ αἴτια ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐστὶν Ἀμαζόνων τε κλέος, αἳ φήμην τὸ ἄγαλμα ἔχουσιν ἱδρύσασθαι, καὶ ὅτι ἐκ παλαιοτάτου τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐποιήθη. | The reasons for this, in my judgment, are firstly the renown of the Amazons, who according to tradition established the image, and secondly the great antiquity of the sanctuary's foundation. | Refers to the Amazons and the sanctuary's very ancient foundation, both tied to mythic tradition. |
| 4.31.8 | 3 | other | high | τρία δὲ ἄλλα ἐπὶ τούτοις συνετέλεσεν ἐς δόξαν, μέγεθός τε τοῦ ναοῦ τὰ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις κατασκευάσματα ὑπερηρκότος καὶ Ἐφεσίων τῆς πόλεως ἡ ἀκμὴ καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ τὸ ἐπιφανὲς τῆς θεοῦ. | Three additional reasons further contributed to its fame: the temple's size, surpassing all man-made constructions; the wealth and prosperity of the city of the Ephesians; and finally, the great prominence of the goddess herself within it. | Describes the temple's fame, size, and the city's prosperity; no mythic or post-500 BC event. |
| 4.31.9 | 1 | other | high | πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Εἰλειθυίας Μεσσηνίοις ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου, | The Messenians have also constructed a temple of Eileithyia and a stone statue of the goddess. | A cult building and statue are descriptive antiquarian details, not a mythic event or dated historical event. |
| 4.31.9 | 2 | other | high | πλησίον δὲ Κουρήτων μέγαρον, ἔνθα ζῷα τὰ πάντα ὁμοίως καθαγίζουσιν· ἀρξάμενοι γὰρ ἀπὸ βοῶν τε καὶ αἰγῶν καταβαίνουσιν ἐς τοὺς ὄρνιθας ἀφιέντες ἐς τὴν φλόγα. | Nearby stands the hall of the Curetes, where all kinds of animals alike are offered in sacrifice; indeed, beginning with cattle and goats, they proceed down to birds, casting them into the flames. | Describes a cult building and sacrificial practice near the Curetes; this is topographical/antiquarian description rather than a mythic event or post-500 BC historical event. |
| 4.31.9 | 3 | mythic | high | καὶ Δήμητρος ἱερὸν Μεσσηνίοις ἐστὶν ἅγιον καὶ Διοσκούρων ἀγάλματα φέροντες τὰς Λευκίππου· | The Messenians also possess a sacred sanctuary dedicated to Demeter, and statues of the Dioscuri, carrying away the daughters of Leucippus. | Refers to the Dioscuri abducting the daughters of Leucippus, a mythic event depicted in the sanctuary. |
| 4.31.9 | 4 | mythic | high | καί μοι καὶ ταῦτα ἐν τοῖς προτέροις ἐστὶν ἤδη δεδηλωμένα, ὡς οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τοὺς Τυνδάρεω παῖδας ἀμφισβητοῦσιν αὑτοῖς καὶ οὐ Λακεδαιμονίοις προσήκειν. | Previously I have already recounted that the Messenians contest the claim of Sparta to the sons of Tyndareus, insisting instead that the Dioscuri belong rightly to them. | The sentence concerns the Messenians' dispute over the Dioscuri, who are mythic figures, and their claimed affiliation. |
| 4.31.10 | 1 | other | high | πλεῖστα δέ σφισι καὶ θέας μάλιστα ἀγάλματα ἄξια τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ παρέχεται τὸ ἱερόν· | The sanctuary provides numerous statues, particularly worthy of viewing, dedicated to Asclepius. | Describes the sanctuary’s statues as a visible feature; purely descriptive/antiquarian, not mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.10 | 2 | other | high | χωρὶς μὲν γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τῶν παίδων ἐστὶν ἀγάλματα, χωρὶς δὲ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Μουσῶν καὶ Ἡρακλέους· | There are statues of the god himself and of his children; besides these, there are separate statues of Apollo, the Muses, and Heracles. | Describes statues in a sanctuary; purely descriptive/antiquarian rather than an event. |
| 4.31.10 | 3 | historical | high | πόλις τε ἡ Θηβαίων καὶ Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Κλεόμμιδος Τύχη τε καὶ Ἄρτεμις Φωσφόρος, | There is also a representation of the city of Thebes, and statues of Epaminondas, son of Cleommides, of Tyche (Fortune), and of Artemis Phosphoros. | Epaminondas is a historical figure, and the city's representation and statues are topographical/commemorative rather than mythic. |
| 4.31.10 | 4 | other | high | τὰ μὲν δὴ τοῦ λίθου Δαμοφῶν αὐτοῖς εἰργάσατο---Μεσσήνιον δὲ ὅτι μὴ τοῦτον ἄλλον γε οὐδένα λόγου ποιήσαντα ἀξίως οἶδα ἀγάλματα---, | The figures made of stone were fashioned for them by Damophon, a Messenian—I know of no other Messenian sculptor, besides him, who produced statues worthy of note. | Antiquarian note identifying the sculptor Damophon; no mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.10 | 5 | other | high | ἡ δὲ εἰκὼν τοῦ Ἐπαμινώνδου ἐκ σιδήρου τέ ἐστι καὶ ἔργον ἄλλου, οὐ τούτου. | The statue of Epaminondas, however, is of iron, and is the work of another artist, not Damophon. | A descriptive note about a statue’s material and attribution, not a mythic or historical event. |
| 4.31.11 | 1 | mythic | high | ἔστι δὲ καὶ Μεσσήνης τῆς Τριόπα ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα χρυσοῦ καὶ λίθου Παρίου· | There is also a temple and a statue of Messene, daughter of Triopas, made of gold and Parian marble. | Mentions Messene, daughter of Triopas, a mythic figure; the temple/statue is tied to her cultic presence. |
| 4.31.11 | 2 | mythic | high | γραφαὶ δὲ κατὰ τοῦ ναοῦ τὸ ὄπισθεν αἱ βασιλεύσαντές εἰσι Μεσσήνης, πρὶν μὲν ἢ στόλον ἀφικέσθαι τὸν Δωριέων ἐς Πελοπόννησον Ἀφαρεὺς καὶ οἱ παῖδες, κατελθόντων δὲ Ἡρακλειδῶν Κρεσφόντης ἐστίν, ἡγεμὼν καὶ οὗτος τοῦ Δωρικοῦ, τῶν δὲ οἰκησάντων ἐν Πύλῳ Νέστωρ καὶ Θρασυμήδης καὶ Ἀντίλοχος, προτετιμημένοι παίδων τῶν Νέστορος ἡλικίᾳ καὶ ἐπὶ Τροίαν μετεσχηκότες τῆς στρατείας. | On the back wall of the temple are paintings depicting rulers of Messene: Aphareus and his sons, who ruled before the expedition of the Dorians into the Peloponnese; Cresphontes, leader of the Dorian migration when the Heracleidae arrived; and among those who dwelt at Pylos, Nestor, Thrasymedes, and Antilochus, Nestor's sons especially honored for their youth and their participation in the expedition against Troy. | The sentence centers on heroic-age figures and the Trojan expedition, with the Dorian return and Heracleidae also treated as legendary-mythic past. |
| 4.31.12 | 1 | mythic | high | Λεύκιππός τε Ἀφαρέως ἀδελφὸς καὶ Ἱλάειρά ἐστι καὶ Φοίβη, σὺν δέ σφισιν Ἀρσινόη. | Depicted are Leucippus, the brother of Aphareus, along with Hilaeira and Phoebe, and Arsinoe is with them as well. | Lists mythic figures from the Leucippids cycle, presented as depicted characters. |
| 4.31.12 | 2 | mythic | high | γέγραπται δὲ καὶ Ἀσκληπιός, Ἀρσινόης ὢν λόγῳ τῷ Μεσσηνίων, καὶ Μαχάων καὶ Ποδαλείριος, ὅτι ἔργου τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ καὶ τούτοις μέτεστι. | Also painted is Asclepius, who according to the Messenians' tradition was the son of Arsinoe, and Machaon and Podaleirios, since these two also shared in the expedition against Ilium. | Asclepius, Machaon, and Podaleirios are figures tied to the Trojan War and mythic genealogy. |
| 4.31.12 | 3 | historical | high | ταύτας τὰς γραφὰς ἔγραψεν Ὀμφαλίων , Νικίου τοῦ Νικομήδους μαθητής· | These pictures were painted by Omphalion, a pupil of Nicias, son of Nicomedes. | Identifies a painter and his work, a post-mythic antiquarian/historical notice rather than myth or landscape impact. |
| 4.31.12 | 4 | historical | high | οἱ δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ δουλεῦσαι παρὰ τῷ Νικίᾳ καὶ παιδικὰ γενέσθαι φασὶν αὐτοῦ. | Some say Omphalion was also enslaved by Nicias and was his beloved boy. | Refers to Nicias, a historical figure; this is a later anecdotal biographical report rather than myth. |