Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 4.33

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
4.33.1 1 other high ἐς δὲ τὴν κορυφὴν ἐρχομένῳ τῆς Ἰθώμης, ἣ δὴ Μεσσηνίοις ἐστὶν ἀκρόπολις, πηγὴ Κλεψύδρα γίνεται. As one makes one's way up to the summit of Ithome—the acropolis of the Messenians—there is a spring called Klepsydra. Purely topographical description of a spring on the route to Ithome's summit.
4.33.1 2 mythic high πάντας μὲν οὖν καταριθμήσασθαι καὶ προθυμηθέντι ἄπορον, ὁπόσοι θέλουσι γενέσθαι καὶ τραφῆναι παρὰ σφίσι Δία· μέτεστι δʼ οὖν καὶ Μεσσηνίοις τοῦ λόγου· Now, it would be difficult even for someone highly enthusiastic to fully enumerate all those who claim Zeus was born and reared among them; yet the Messenians too have their own tradition. Refers to traditions that Zeus was born and reared among various peoples, which is mythic tradition.
4.33.1 3 mythic high φασὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι τραφῆναι παρὰ σφίσι τὸν θεόν, Ἰθώμην δὲ εἶναι καὶ Νέδαν τὰς θρεψαμένας, For they say that the god was raised among them, and that Ithome and Neda were the nurses who cared for him. Describes a divine being’s upbringing by mythic nurses, a mythic etiological tradition.
4.33.1 4 mythic medium κεκλῆσθαι δὲ ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς Νέδας τὸν ποταμόν, τὴν δὲ ἑτέραν τῷ ὄρει τὴν Ἰθώμην δεδωκέναι τὸ ὄνομα. They assert that the river received its name from Neda, while Ithome lent her name to the mountain. Explains a landscape name as deriving from Neda and Ithome, a mythic etymology tied to place-name origins.
4.33.1 5 mythic high ταύτας δὲ τὰς νύμφας τὸν Δία, κλαπέντα ὑπὸ Κουρήτων διὰ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς δεῖμα, ἐνταῦθα λοῦσαι λέγουσι καὶ τὸ ὄνομα εἶναι τῷ ὕδατι ἀπὸ τῶν Κουρήτων τῆς κλοπῆς· They relate that here the nymphs bathed Zeus, who had been stolen away by the Curetes because of fear of his father; and the spring took its name Klepsydra ("Stolen Water") from this theft by the Curetes. Zeus being hidden and bathed by nymphs after theft by the Curetes is a mythic event, and the spring’s name is explained from that myth.
4.33.1 6 other high φέρουσί τε ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τῆς πηγῆς ἐς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ Ἰθωμάτα τὸ ἱερόν. Even to this day they carry water daily from the spring to the sanctuary of Zeus Ithomatas. Describes a present-day ritual water-carrying practice and route detail, not a mythic or post-500 BC historical event.
4.33.2 1 historical medium τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς Ἀγελάδα μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, ἐποιήθη δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῖς οἰκήσασιν ἐν Ναυπάκτῳ Μεσσηνίων· The statue of Zeus is the work of Ageladas, originally made for the Messenians who inhabited Naupactus. Refers to a statue made for the Messenians at Naupactus, a post-mythic historical/antiquarian statement about an artwork's provenance.
4.33.2 2 other high ἱερεὺς δὲ αἱρετὸς κατὰ ἔτος ἕκαστον ἔχει δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας. Each year they elect a priest for the image, and he keeps the statue in his own home. Describes a cult practice and where the statue is kept, not a mythic event or a historical event after 500 BC.
4.33.2 3 other high ἄγουσι δὲ καὶ ἑορτὴν ἐπέτειον Ἰθωμαῖα, τὸ δὲ ἀρχαῖον καὶ ἀγῶνα ἐτίθεσαν μουσικῆς· They also hold an annual festival, the Ithomaia, and in ancient times they established a competition in music as well. Describes an annual festival and an ancient music contest, which are antiquarian/religious local practices rather than mythic or post-500 BC historical events.
4.33.2 4 other high τεκμαίρεσθαι δʼ ἔστιν ἄλλοις τε καὶ Εὐμήλου τοῖς ἔπεσιν, ἐποίησε γοῦν καὶ τάδε ἐν τῷ προσοδίῳ τῷ ἐς Δῆλον· Among other evidence for this are the verses of Eumelus; indeed, he composed these lines too in the Processional Hymn to Delos. A bibliographic/antiquarian reference to Eumelus’ verses and a hymn, with no event or landscape impact described.
4.33.2 5 mythic high τῷ γὰρ Ἰθωμάτα καταθύμιος ἔπλετο μοῖσα ἁ καθαρὰ ν κιθάραν καὶ ἐλεύθερα σάμβαλʼ ἔχοισα. "For the Muse who delights in Ithome came with pure lyre and free sandals." Refers to the Muse and a mythic presence associated with Ithome, not a historical or merely descriptive note.
4.33.2 6 other high οὐκοῦν ποιῆσαί μοι δοκεῖ τὰ ἔπη καὶ μουσικῆς ἀγῶνα ἐπιστάμενος τιθέντας. Thus it seems to me clear that, since he composed such poetry, he was aware of their musical competition. General statement about poetry and a musical contest; no mythic or historical event.
4.33.3 1 other high ἰόντι δὲ τὴν ἐπʼ Ἀρκαδίας ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν ἐστὶν ἐν ταῖς πύλαις Ἑρμῆς τέχνης τῆς Ἀττικῆς. When you go towards Arcadia, at the gate into Megalopolis there is a statue of Hermes in the Attic style. Route description locating a statue at the city gate; purely descriptive and geographical.
4.33.3 2 other high Ἀθηναίων γὰρ τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τετράγωνόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῖς Ἑρμαῖς, καὶ παρὰ τούτων μεμαθήκασιν οἱ ἄλλοι. For the Athenians represented their Herms with a square shape, and other peoples have learned this from them. Descriptive antiquarian note about the form of Herms, not a mythic or historical event.
4.33.3 3 other high σταδίους δὲ καταβάντι ἀπὸ τῶν πυλῶν τριάκοντα τὸ ῥεῦμά ἐστι τῆς Βαλύρας. Thirty stades below the gate flows the river Balyra. A geographical route note giving the river's location relative to the gate.
4.33.3 4 mythic high γενέσθαι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῷ ποταμῷ λέγουσι Θαμύριδος τὴν λύραν ἐνταῦθα ἀποβαλόντος ἐπὶ τῇ πηρώσει. They say that the river received its name from Thamyris casting his lyre into it at the time of his blinding. Explains the river's name by a mythic episode involving Thamyris and his blinding.
4.33.3 5 mythic high παῖδα δὲ αὐτὸν Φιλάμμωνος καὶ Ἀργιόπης τῆς νύμφης εἶναι. Thamyris was said to be a son of Philammon and the nymph Argiope. Mythic genealogy: Thamyris is identified as the son of Philammon and the nymph Argiope.
4.33.3 6 mythic high τὴν δὲ Ἀργιόπην τέως μὲν περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν οἰκεῖν, ἐπεὶ δὲ εἶχεν ἐν γαστρί, ἐς Ὀδρύσας λέγουσι μετοικῆσαι. This Argiope lived at first around Parnassus, but when she became pregnant, they say that she moved to the Odrysae. Argiope is a mythic figure, and the sentence concerns her movements and pregnancy in a legendary context.
4.33.3 7 other high Φιλάμμωνα γὰρ οὐκ ἐθέλειν ἐς τὸν οἶκον αὐτὴν ἄγεσθαι. For Philammon did not wish to bring her into his house. A narrative action about Philammon and a woman, with no mythic or historical event; it is simply descriptive plot material.
4.33.3 8 mythic high καὶ Θάμυριν μὲν Ὀδρύσην τε καὶ Θρᾷκα ἐπὶ τούτῳ καλοῦσιν. For this reason Thamyris was called Odrysian and Thracian. Thamyris is a mythic figure, and the sentence explains a myth-based name or epithet.
4.33.3 9 other high ἡ δὲ Λευκασία καὶ Ἄμφιτος συμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ τὰ ῥεύματα. The rivers Leukasia and Amphitos join their waters together. A straightforward geographical description of two rivers joining their waters.
4.33.4 1 other high διαβάντι δὲ τούτους πεδίον ἐστὶν ὀνομαζόμενον Στενυκληρικόν· After crossing these places there is a plain called Stenyklerikos; A plain is being named and located; this is geographical description, not mythic or historical narrative.
4.33.4 2 mythic low εἶναι δὲ ἥρωα Στενύκληρον λέγουσι. they say that it is named after a hero, Stenykleros. Names an eponymous hero; this is a mythic aetiological claim about the place-name.
4.33.4 3 mythic medium τοῦ πεδίου δέ ἐστιν ἀπαντικρὺ καλουμένη τὸ ἀρχαῖον Οἰχαλία, τὸ δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Καρνάσιον ἄλσος, κυπαρίσσων μάλιστα πλῆρες. Opposite this plain is the place formerly called Oechalia, but in my time the grove Carnasium, filled especially with cypresses. Oechalia is a place-name tied to mythic tradition, and the sentence locates the former site in the landscape.
4.33.4 4 other high θεῶν δὲ ἀγάλματα Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Καρνείου καὶ Ἁγνῆς καὶ Ἑρμῆς φέρων κριόν. Statues of gods there include Apollo Karneios, Hagne, and Hermes carrying a ram. Describes statues of gods in a place; purely descriptive and antiquarian, not an event.
4.33.4 5 mythic high ἡ δὲ Ἁγνὴ Κόρης τῆς Δήμητρός ἐστιν ἐπίκλησις· Hagne is an epithet for Kore, the daughter of Demeter. Refers to Kore, daughter of Demeter, a mythic figure and cult epithet.
4.33.4 6 other high ὕδωρ δὲ ἄνεισιν ἐκ πηγῆς παρʼ αὐτὸ τὸ ἄγαλμα. Near the statue itself, water rises from a spring. Purely descriptive note about a spring near a statue; no mythic or historical event.
4.33.5 1 other high τὰ δὲ ἐς τὰς θεὰς τὰς Μεγάλας---δρῶσι γὰρ καὶ ταύταις ἐν Καρνασίῳ τὴν τελετήν---ἀπόρρητα ἔστω μοι· δεύτερα γάρ σφισι νέμω σεμνότητος μετά γε Ἐλευσίνια. As for the rites of the Great Goddesses—for they conduct their mysteries also at Carnasium—let these remain secret to me; for I rank them second in sanctity only after the mysteries at Eleusis. Describes secret rites and cult practice at Carnasium; ritual/religious antiquarian material rather than mythic or historical event.
4.33.5 2 mythic high ὅτι δʼ ὑδρία τε ἡ χαλκῆ, τὸ εὕρημα τοῦ Ἀργείου στρατηγοῦ, καὶ Εὐρύτου τοῦ Μελανέως τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐφυλάσσετο ἐνταῦθα, δηλῶσαί με καὶ ἐς ἅπαντας οὐκ ἀπεῖργε τὸ ὄνειρον. But my dream has not prevented me from openly disclosing to everyone that the bronze water-jar, discovered by the Argive general, and the bones of Eurytos, son of Melaneus, were kept there. Mentions the bones of Eurytos, a mythic figure, and their preservation at the site.
4.33.5 3 other high ῥεῖ δὲ ποταμὸς παρὰ τὸ Καρνάσιον Χάραδρος, καὶ προελθόντι ἐν ἀριστερᾷ σταδίους ὀκτὼ By Carnasium flows the river Charadrus, and going onward, at a distance of eight stadia on the left... Purely geographic and route description of a river and distances.
4.33.6 1 other high μάλιστα ἐρείπιά ἐστιν Ἀνδανίας. The ruins of Andania are especially noteworthy. A descriptive statement about the ruins of Andania; no mythic or historical event is being narrated.
4.33.6 2 other high καὶ ὅτι μὲν τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ γυναικὸς γέγονεν Ἀνδανίας, ὁμολογεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν ἐξηγητῶν· οὐ μὴν τά γε ἐς τοὺς γονέας αὐτῆς οὐδὲ τῷ συνῴκησεν ἔχω λέγειν. It is agreed among the guides that the city derived its name from a woman named Andania; however, I am unable to speak precisely concerning her parentage or to whom she was married. Antiquarian note about the city's name and the guide's traditions; no mythic event or historical event is being narrated.
4.33.6 3 other high ἰόντων δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ Κυπαρισσιὰς ἀπὸ Ἀνδανίας Πολίχνη τέ ἐστι καλουμένη καὶ ποταμὸς Ἠλέκτρα καὶ Κοῖος ῥέουσι· τάχα δʼ ἄν τινα καὶ λόγον ἐς Ἠλέκτραν τὴν Ἄτλαντος λέγοιεν καὶ ἐς Κοῖον τὸν Λητοῦς πατέρα, ἢ καὶ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἡρώων εἶεν Ἠλέκτρα τε καὶ Κοῖος. Going from Andania toward Cyparissiae, there is a place called Polichne, and rivers named Elektra and Coeus flow there; perhaps one might relate these names to Elektra, daughter of Atlas, and Coeus, father of Leto; or else Elektra and Coeus could have been local heroes. Topographical description of a route and place-names, with only tentative mythic etymologies not asserted as fact.
4.33.7 1 other high διαβάντων δὲ Ἠλέκτραν Ἀχαΐα τε ὀνομαζομένη πηγὴ καὶ πόλεώς ἐστιν ἐρείπια Δωρίου. After crossing the river Elektra, there is a spring called Achaia and the ruins of the city Dorium. Purely topographical: a river crossing, named spring, and city ruins.
4.33.7 2 mythic high πεποίηκε δὲ Ὅμηρος μὲν Θαμύριδι ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῷ Δωρίῳ γενέσθαι τὴν συμφοράν, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὰς Μούσας νικήσειν ἔφασκεν ᾀδούσας· Homer has described Dorium as the place where the calamity befell Thamyris, because he boasted that he could surpass even the Muses in singing. Thamyris and the Muses are mythic figures, and the sentence describes a mythic calamity associated with the place.
4.33.7 3 mythic high Πρόδικος δὲ Φωκαεὺς---εἰ δὴ τούτου τὰ ἐς τὴν Μινυάδα ἔπη---προσκεῖσθαί φησι Θαμύριδι ἐν Ἅιδου δίκην τοῦ ἐς τὰς Μούσας αὐχήματος. Prodicus of Phocaea—if indeed the verses belonging to the "Minyad" are his—relates that Thamyris in Hades endured punishment for his boastfulness against the Muses. Thamyris’ punishment in Hades is a mythic event involving the Muses.
4.33.7 4 mythic medium διεφθάρη δὲ ὁ Θάμυρις ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ὑπὸ νόσου τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ συνέπεσεν ὕστερον· As it seems to me, Thamyris lost his sight due to illness, the same misfortune that later befell Homer himself. Thamyris and Homer are mythic figures, and the sentence discusses their legendary loss of sight.
4.33.7 5 mythic high ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν καὶ ἐς ἅπαν διετέλει ποιῶν, οὐ γάρ τι εἶκε τῇ συμφορᾷ, Θάμυρις δὲ καὶ τὴν ᾠδὴν ὑπὸ κακοῦ τοῦ παρόντος ἐξέλιπεν. But Homer continued to compose poetry throughout his life, as he in no way yielded to his misfortune, whereas Thamyris, overwhelmed by his adversity, ceased entirely from song. Thamyris is a mythic figure, and the sentence concerns his fate in myth rather than a historical event.