Pausanias Analysis

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Chapter 5.23

PassageSentenceBucketConfidenceGreekEnglishRationale
5.23.1 1 other high παρεξιόντι δὲ παρὰ τὴν ἐς τὸ βουλευτήριον ἔσοδον Ζεύς τε ἕστηκεν ἐπίγραμμα ἔχων οὐδὲν As you pass by the entrance to the Council-chamber, there stands a statue of Zeus, bearing no inscription. A location note describing a statue at the Council-chamber entrance, with no mythic or historical event.
5.23.1 2 historical high καὶ αὖθις ὡς πρὸς ἄρκτον ἐπιστρέψαντι ἄγαλμά ἐστι Διός· τοῦτο τέτραπται μὲν πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον, ἀνέθεσαν δὲ Ἑλλήνων ὅσοι Πλαταιᾶσιν ἐμαχέσαντο ἐναντία Μαρδονίου τε καὶ Μήδων. Turning further toward the north, there is another statue of Zeus; this one faces the rising sun, and was dedicated by those Greeks who fought at Plataea against Mardonius and the Medes. Refers to the dedication after the Battle of Plataea against Mardonius and the Medes, a post-500 BC historical event.
5.23.1 3 historical high εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἐγγεγραμμέναι κατὰ τοῦ βάθρου τὰ δεξιὰ αἱ μετασχοῦσαι πόλεις τοῦ ἔργου, Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν πρῶτοι, μετὰ δὲ αὐτοὺς Ἀθηναῖοι, τρίτοι δὲ γεγραμμένοι καὶ τέταρτοι Κορίνθιοί τε καὶ Σικυώνιοι, Upon the right side of its pedestal are inscribed the names of the cities that took part in the battle: first come the Lacedaemonians, next after them the Athenians; third and fourth listed are the Corinthians and the Sicyonians. Inscription naming cities that took part in a battle is a historical commemoration.
5.23.2 1 other high πέμπτοι δὲ Αἰγινῆται, μετὰ δὲ Αἰγινήτας Μεγαρεῖς καὶ Ἐπιδαύριοι, Ἀρκάδων δὲ Τεγεᾶταί τε καὶ Ὀρχομένιοι, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς ὅσοι Φλιοῦντα καὶ Τροίζηνα καὶ Ἑρμιόνα οἰκοῦσιν, ἐκ δὲ χώρας τῆς Ἀργείας Τιρύνθιοι, Πλαταιεῖς δὲ μόνοι Βοιωτῶν, Fifth were the Aeginetans, and after them came the Megarians and the Epidaurians; of the Arcadians were the Tegeans and the Orchomenians; following these were those who inhabited Phlius, Troezen, and Hermione; from Argive territory came the Tirynthians, and the Plataeans were the only Boeotians present. Lists participating peoples and their origins in a procession/catalogue; purely descriptive and geographical, with no event narrated.
5.23.2 2 historical high καὶ Ἀργείων οἱ Μυκήνας ἔχοντες, νησιῶται δὲ Κεῖοι καὶ Μήλιοι, Ἀμβρακιῶται δὲ ἐξ ἠπείρου τῆς Θεσπρωτίδος, Also participating were the Argives holding Mycenae; islanders attending included the Ceans and the Melians, and from the mainland facing Thesprotia came the Ambraciots. Lists participating peoples and their places of origin in a historical context, not mythic narrative.
5.23.2 3 other high Τήνιοί τε καὶ Λεπρεᾶται, Λεπρεᾶται μὲν τῶν ἐκ τῆς Τριφυλίας μόνοι, ἐκ δὲ Αἰγαίου καὶ τῶν Κυκλάδων οὐ Τήνιοι μόνοι ἀλλὰ καὶ Νάξιοι καὶ Κύθνιοι, There were also the Tenians and Lepreans—the Lepreans alone came from Triphylia; and from the Aegean and the Cyclades were represented not only the Tenians but also the Naxians and Cythnians. A list of peoples and their origins/locations; purely geographical and descriptive.
5.23.2 4 historical high ἀπὸ δὲ Εὐβοίας Στυρεῖς, μετὰ δὲ τούτους Ἠλεῖοι καὶ Ποτιδαιᾶται καὶ Ἀνακτόριοι, From Euboea came the Styrians; and following these, the Eleans, the Potidaeans, and the Anactorians participated. Lists historical contingents from Euboea and nearby cities participating in a later collective event.
5.23.2 5 other high τελευταῖοι δὲ Χαλκιδεῖς οἱ ἐπὶ τῷ Εὐρίπῳ. Lastly came the Chalcidians who dwell by the Euripus. A simple identification of the Chalcidians by location at the Euripus; no mythic or historical event is described.
5.23.3 1 historical high τούτων τῶν πόλεων τοσαίδε ἦσαν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔρημοι· Μυκηναῖοι μὲν καὶ Τιρύνθιοι ὑπὸ τῶν Μηδικῶν ὕστερον ἐγένοντο ὑπὸ Ἀργείων ἀνάστατοι· Ἀμβρακιώτας δὲ καὶ Ἀνακτορίους ἀποίκους Κορινθίων ὄντας ἐπηγάγετο ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς ἐς Νικοπόλεως συνοικισμὸν πρὸς τῷ Ἀκτίῳ· Of these cities, the following were deserted in my own time: Mycenae and Tiryns were first reduced in strength by the Persian wars and later utterly destroyed by the Argives; the people of Ambracia and Anactorium, colonies originally founded by the Corinthians, were removed by the emperor of the Romans and gathered together in the settlement of Nicopolis near Actium. Describes Persian-war damage, Argive destruction, and Roman imperial relocation of cities—post-500 BC historical events.
5.23.3 2 historical high Ποτιδαιάτας δὲ δὶς μὲν ἐπέλαβεν ἀναστάτους ἐκ τῆς σφετέρας ὑπὸ Φιλίππου τε γενέσθαι τοῦ Ἀμύντου καὶ πρότερον ἔτι ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων, As for Potidaea, it twice suffered depopulation: once when captured by Philip the son of Amyntas, after having previously been taken by the Athenians. Refers to depopulation caused by Philip of Amyntas and the Athenians, both historical events.
5.23.3 3 historical high χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Κάσσανδρος κατήγαγε μὲν Ποτιδαιάτας ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα, ὄνομα δὲ οὐ τὸ ἀρχαῖον τῇ πόλει, Κασσάνδρεια δὲ ἐγένετο ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ. Later Cassander restored the inhabitants to their homes, though no longer under the city's original name; instead, it was called Cassandreia after its founder. Refers to Cassander's historical refoundation and renaming of the city.
5.23.3 4 historical high τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τὸ ἀνατεθὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐποίησεν Ἀναξαγόρας Αἰγινήτης· τοῦτον οἱ συγγράψαντες τὰ ἐς Πλαταιὰς παριᾶσιν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις. The statue at Olympia, dedicated by the Greeks, was made by Anaxagoras of Aegina; yet the historians who have written accounts of Plataea omit him from their narratives. Refers to the dedication of the Olympia statue after Plataea and a later historical omission by writers.
5.23.4 1 historical high ἔστι δὲ πρὸ τοῦ Διὸς τούτου στήλη χαλκῆ, Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων συνθήκας ἔχουσα εἰρήνης ἐς τριάκοντα ἐτῶν ἀριθμόν. Before this statue of Zeus there is a bronze pillar bearing the treaty of peace between the Lacedaemonians and Athenians, concluded for a period of thirty years. Refers to a specific peace treaty between Athens and Sparta, a post-500 BC historical monument.
5.23.4 2 historical high ταύτας ἐποιήσαντο Ἀθηναῖοι παραστησάμενοι τὸ δεύτερον Εὔβοιαν, ἔτει τρίτῳ τῆς τρίτης πρὸς τὰς ὀγδοήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Κρίσων Ἱμεραῖος ἐνίκα στάδιον. The Athenians made this treaty after they had subdued Euboea for the second time, in the third year of the eighty-third Olympiad, during which Crison of Himera won the stadion race. Dated event after 500 BC: Athenian subjugation of Euboea and Olympiad chronology.
5.23.4 3 historical high ἔστι δὲ ἐν ταῖς συνθήκαις καὶ τόδε εἰρημένον, εἰρήνης μὲν τῆς Ἀθηναίων καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων τῇ Ἀργείων μὴ μετεῖναι πόλει, ἰδίᾳ δὲ Ἀθηναίους καὶ Ἀργείους, ἢν ἐθέλωσιν, ἐπιτηδείως ἔχειν πρὸς ἀλλήλους. It is stated in this treaty, moreover, that the Argive city should have no part in the peace between Athens and Lacedaemon, but that the Athenians and Argives could, if they desired, maintain friendly relations independently. A treaty clause referring to Athens, Lacedaemon, and Argos is a historical diplomatic statement.
5.23.4 4 historical high αὗται μὲν λέγουσι τοιαῦτα αἱ συνθῆκαι. Such are the provisions recorded in the treaty. A treaty is a historical document and its provisions belong to historical material.
5.23.4 5 other high Διὸς δὲ ἄλλο ἄγαλμα παρὰ τὸ ἅρμα. There is another statue of Zeus beside the chariot. Purely descriptive statement locating a statue; no mythic or historical event.
5.23.5 1 historical high ἀνάκειται τὸ Κλεοσθένους· There is also dedicated a statue of Cleosthenes. A dedicated statue of Cleosthenes refers to a historical dedication, not mythic material.
5.23.5 2 other high τούτου μὲν δὴ ἡμῖν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔπειτα ἔσται μνήμη, τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς Μεγαρέων μέν ἐστιν ἀνάθημα, ἀδελφοὶ δὲ αὐτὸ Ψύλακός τε καὶ Ὄναιθος καὶ οἱ παῖδες οἱ τούτων εἰργάσαντο· I shall have occasion to mention this Cleosthenes again later on; the statue of Zeus is an offering of the Megarians, and it was made by the brothers Psylacus and Onaethus, together with their sons. Describes a cult statue and its makers, which is antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical.
5.23.5 3 other high ἡλικίαν δὲ αὐτῶν ἢ πατρίδα ἢ παρʼ ᾧ τινι ἐδιδάχθησαν, οὐκ ἔχω δηλῶσαι. However, I cannot specify their period, their city of origin, nor from whom they learned their craft. This is an antiquarian note about the makers' date, origin, and training, not a mythic or historical event.
5.23.6 1 historical high πρὸς δὲ τῷ ἅρματι τῷ Γέλωνος Ζεὺς ἕστηκεν ἀρχαῖος ἔχων σκῆπτρον, Ὑβλαίων δέ φασιν εἶναι ἀνάθημα· Beside Gelon's chariot stands an ancient statue of Zeus, holding a scepter. Refers to Gelon's chariot and an offering associated with a historical figure and his dedications.
5.23.6 2 other high αἱ δὲ ἦσαν ἐν Σικελίᾳ πόλεις αἱ Ὕβλαι, ἡ μὲν Γερεᾶτις ἐπίκλησιν, τὴν δὲ---ὥσπερ γε καὶ ἦν ---ἐκάλουν Μείζονα. They say it was an offering from the Hyblaeans. This is a descriptive identification of Sicilian cities, not a mythic or historical event.
5.23.6 3 other high ἔχουσι δὲ καὶ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἔτι τὰ ὀνόματα, ἐν τῇ Καταναίᾳ δὲ ἡ μὲν ἔρημος ἐς ἅπαν, ἡ δὲ κώμη τε Καταναίων ἡ Γερεᾶτις καὶ ἱερόν σφισιν Ὑβλαίας ἐστὶ θεοῦ, παρὰ Σικελιωτῶν ἔχον τιμάς. Now there were regions in Sicily called Hybla, one surnamed Gereatis, while the other was called the Greater—as indeed it was. Purely geographical/antiquarian description of Sicilian place-names and a local sanctuary, with no mythic or historical event.
5.23.6 4 historical low παρὰ τούτων δὲ κομισθῆναι τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἡγοῦμαι· Even in my day they still retained these names. Refers to transport of a cult statue to Olympia, which sounds like an antiquarian/historical tradition rather than mythic narrative.
5.23.6 5 other high τεράτων γὰρ σφᾶς καὶ ἐνυπνίων Φίλιστος ὁ Ἀρχομενίδου φησὶν ἐξηγητὰς εἶναι καὶ μάλιστα εὐσεβείᾳ τῶν ἐν Σικελίᾳ βαρβάρων προσκεῖσθαι. In Catanaean territory, one Hybla is utterly deserted, while the Gereatis Hybla is now a village of the Catanaeans and has a sanctuary of the goddess Hyblaea, honored by the Sicilians. The sentence is antiquarian/reporting Philistus’ claim about interpreters of prodigies and dreams, not narrating a mythic or historical event.
5.23.7 1 other high πλησίον δὲ τοῦ Ὑβλαίων ἀναθήματος βάθρον τε πεποίηται χαλκοῦν καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Ζεύς· Near the dedication by the Hyblaeans stands a pedestal made of bronze, and upon it Zeus. Purely locational and descriptive: it notes a bronze pedestal near a dedication and the statue on it.
5.23.7 2 other high τοῦτον ὀκτὼ μάλιστα εἶναι ποδῶν καὶ δέκα εἰκάζομεν. This figure we estimate to be about eighteen feet high. A measurement of a figure's height is descriptive and antiquarian, not mythic or historical.
5.23.7 3 other high οἵτινες δὲ αὐτὸν ἔδοσαν τῷ θεῷ καὶ ὧντινών ἐστιν ἔργον, ἐλεγεῖον γεγραμμένον σημαίνει· Who gave the image to the god and whose craft fashioned it is indicated by an inscribed elegiac couplet: Describes an inscription identifying dedication and craftsmanship; antiquarian/descriptive rather than mythic or historical event.
5.23.7 4 historical medium Κλειτόριοι τόδʼ ἄγαλμα θεῷ δεκάταν ἀνέθηκαν, πολλᾶν ἐκ πολίων χερσὶ βιασσάμενοι. "This statue as a tithe to the god the Cleitorians dedicated, Having conquered many cities by force of arms." Refers to the Cleitorians dedicating a statue as a tithe after conquering many cities, an act tied to historical warfare and spoils rather than myth.
5.23.7 5 other high † καιμετρειτ Ἀρίστων ἠδὲ Τελέστας αὐτοκασίγνητοι καλὰ Λάκωνες ἔθεν. "Ariston and Telestas, brothers born, noble Laconians, Skilfully wrought it." An inscriptional-style attribution of workmanship, with no mythic or historical event.
5.23.7 6 other high τούτους οὐκ ἐς ἅπαν τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐπιφανεῖς νομίζω γενέσθαι· I do not think these craftsmen achieved fame throughout Greece. A statement about the renown of craftsmen; it is antiquarian/biographical rather than mythic or historical event.
5.23.7 7 other high εἶχον γὰρ ἄν τι καὶ Ἠλεῖοι περὶ αὐτῶν λέγειν, καὶ πλέονα ἔτι Λακεδαιμόνιοι πολιτῶν γε ὄντων. Otherwise the Eleans would have much to say about them, and even more surely would the Lacedaemonians, since they were citizens. A comparative remark about Eleans and Lacedaemonians, not a mythic or historical event.